HOUSING

The place of housing is next only to food and clothing among the primary necessities of Life.
• Man is primarily a social creature. He loves to live in a society or community. Hence housing does
not mean a covered roof for every family. It is a social unit planned on neighborhood and community
principles.
• Housing in general sense, is the layout and development of residential unit in which people can live
in pleasant, peaceful and healthy surroundings with social, Cultural, and Recreational facilities

Group Housing
A Domestic Architecture Accomodates The Group Rather Than The Unit And Its Therefore Public As
Well As Private. It Is Fimiliar Through The Widwspread Development Of Mass Housing In The
World In Which Individuals Or Families Find Living Space Either In M Ultiple Dwellings Or Single
Linits Produced In Quality . Group Housing Is Prodused By Many Kinds Of Cultures By Communal
States To Eqalize Living Standdards By Tyrants To Assure A Docile Labour Force, And By Fedual Or
Caste System To Brings Together Members Of A Class

Different type of housing:-

Single detached
Duplex
Triplex
Low rise apartment
Multiplex
Side Attached
Stacked Row House
Mid rise
High Rise
Small Apartment

TYPE OF GROUP HOUSING

• CLUSTER HOUSING A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN AS ZERO –LOT –
LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
• RAW HOUSING ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR OR IDENTICAL
DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
 Independent cluster

Different types of cluster

 Independent cluster
 Back to back cluster
 Group open space
 Cul-de-sac Cluster 'cul-de-sac' cluster
 Interlocking Cluster
 Closed Cluster
 Open Cluster
Back to back cluster
CLUSTER PLANNING
 Preserved open space may be included as a portion of one or more large lots, or may be
contained in a separate open space lot.
 The Cluster Development concept saves open space by putting the same number of houses on
smaller lots.

Advantages of Cluster
 Open space can provide community members with larger recreation areas and create a sense
of openness . ‘
 Open space can benefit the environment by providing habitat for wildlife, naturally filtering
storm water, reducing storm water runoff from impervious surfaces, and protecting the natural
features of a site.
 Developers may benefit because these designs usually reduce the costs of site development
and increase the market price of individual plots in comparison with traditional subdivisions.
 These designs can benefit rural areas by reinforcing the policy of maintaining the local rural
character that is included in many comprehensive land use plans

DISADVANTAGES
 Local officials, developers, and the community may be predisposed toward traditional
development designs because they are familiar and well understood. An education effort may
be necessary to help these groups understand the goals and advantages of cluster
development.
 During the planning phases, lot and home layout may take extra work to ensure that while
homes are located closer together, they still take advantage of the open-space goals of the
design.
 Methods to protect and maintain the open space must be carefully developed, implemented,
and monitored.

Requirements of Good Housing Facility.

• It is not enough to provide structurally stable structure (houses), but they must be so located and
designed that they afford convenience, amenity, health and social life to the community.
• A house in a general sense represents the smallest unit from where the town planning scheme
emerges.
• The success and failure of all town planning scheme rests on effective provision of Housing.
Requirements of Residential Building
• Height
• Location
• Orientation
• Parks
• Privacy
• Security
• Space
• Utility Services
• Ventilation and Light

The Important point to be considered in planning of residential building are as below:

• Houses should be designed in different types with pleasing elevations.
• Houses should be planned with harmony with the surrounding like lake, streams, greeneries, etc.
• Houses should be properly oriented to get maximum advantage of the sun, wind, and topography.
• Density of population should be in accordance with the standard specified by the competent
authority
• Houses for different Income group should be grouped to geather to build the spirit of neighborhood.

Minimum area required area

Sl. Component of Min. requirement for plots upto Min. requirement for
No. Building 50 sq m. plots above 50 sq m.
1 Habitable Room Area 7.50 sq m. Area 9.50 sq m.
Width 2.10 m. Width 2.40 m.
Height 2.75 m. Height 2.75 m.
2 Kitchen Area 3.30 sq m. Area 4.50 sq m.
Width 1.50 m. Width 1.50 m.
Height 2.75 m. Height 2.75 m.
3 Pantry Area Not applicable Area 3.00 sq m.
Width Not applicable Width 1.40 m.
Height Not applicable Height 2.75 m.
4 Bathroom Area 1.20 sq m. Area 1.80 sq m.
Width 1.00 m. Width 1.20 m.
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.20 m.
5 W.C. Area 1.00 sq m. Area 1.10 sq m.
Width 0.90 m. Height 0.90 m.
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.20 m.
6 Combined Bath & W.C. Area 1.80 sq m. Area 2.80 sq m.
(Toilet) Width 1.00 m. Width 1.20 m.
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.20 m.
7 Store Area No restriction Area No restriction
Width No restriction Width No restriction
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.2 m.
 8 Projections Permitted within the setbacks Permitted within the
upto 0.75 m. width setbacks upto 0.75 m. width

Lighting required for different spaces

Room lm/ft2 fc
Living room 80 70
Family room 80 70
Dining room 45 70
Kitchen 80 70
Bathroom 65 50
Bedroom 70 30
Hallway 45 30
Laundry 70 50
Workshop 70 70

For Natural Light

1) A given room must have a window or glass door that is sized to equal at least ten percent of the
floor area of the room. So, if a room is 10 feet wide x 12 feet long, then the room area would be 120
square feet and the minimum size of the window in that room would have to be12 square feet. A three
foot by four foot window would provide 12 square feet of natural light to the room – again, the
required minimum. Pretty simple really. For every 10 feet of floor area you need one foot of natural
light area.

For Ventilation
2) Figuring ventilation is much easier. Natural ventilation must equal 5 percent of the floor area – or
exactly half the requirement for that of natural light. In our natural light example above the window
also would qualify for minimum natural ventilation if half of it was operable.
Although handled as separate issues, you can see that natural light and natural ventilation actually
have a very specific relationship to one another inasmuch as calculation rules are concerned. The
required amount of light is literally double that of natural ventilation. Or stated another way, the
amount of natural ventilation required is exactly half that of the natural light requirement. Have it
your own way

Why is this so important?

 Simple, natural light cuts down on the need for artificial illumination and therefore can save energy.
In the winter warming sunlight can cut on heating costs. As for ventilation, keep in mind that Mother
Nature’s breath reduces mildew and mold. And unless you live in downtown LA – outside air is
usually quite medicinal (lots of oxygen) and refreshing.
No the required window doesn’t need to be in the same exact room. For example: Let’s say we want a
family room sliding glass door or window to provide the required light and ventilation for both the
family room and the kitchen. When a window or door in one room will provide light and ventilation
to another room then the area of both rooms must be calculated together as one and the window or
door must qualify for the entire area. But, there is just one tiny, little hitch. There must be a big
opening between the two rooms. And it can’t be just a door way. The opening between the two rooms
must equal at least 50 percent of the area of the wall space that separates the rooms. In other words, if
the separating wall is 8 feet high and 11 feet long (88 square feet), then the opening in the wall must
be at least 44 square feet. Now you see why architects get so much money. Enough confusing stuff! If
you have a question simply bring the details to your local building department and ask what you can
do – before you spend the money doing it wrong.

Light also has something to do with how a room feels. Giant windows bring the outside inside. They
give a room a feeling of greatness – as big as the all outdoors. Inside colors are warmed up by outside
light and make the room feel homier. Ever get locked in a closet when you were a kid? How would
you like it if all of the rooms in your home were like that? If you are a sadist – don’t answer that
question.

The texture of fabrics and wood in the home are enhanced by natural light – especially wall texture.
Natural light enhances the entire home – color and texture definitely are affected.

The bad side: When it comes to windows and glass doors providing light and ventilation, there are
minimums. This is confused by the fact that when it comes to energy efficiency and glass there are
maximums. That’s a whole other column. Suffice to say that when it comes to light and ventilation
there are the minimums we have related, but when it comes to windows there are equally as many
rules about maximum amounts allowed. Again, always check with your building department when
planning any construction.

Norms based on structural requirement

A building at a height of more than 13 metres is to have a lift that starts from the ground floor, and
have a minimum capacity of six persons. On the basis of detailed calculations (based on the relevant
provisions of National Building Code) the number of lifts can be variable.

Fire Safety or Fire Protection

In the case of apartment buildings exceeding three storeys above ground level, a certificate of
approval from the Director of Fire Force or an officer authorized by him should be obtained before
issue of the building permit. All other requirements in respect of fire protection shall conform to Part
IV, Fire ProtectionNational Building Code of India.

Every floor of any kind of residential accommodation exceeding 150 sq. meters of floor area with a
capacity of more than 20 persons should posses at least two doorways, as remote as practicable from
each other. At least one staircase should be provided as a fire exit as defined by the National Building
Code

The detailed plan showing the arrangement of pipe lines, booster pumps and water-tanks at various
levels should be submitted for approval of the concerned authority along with the plans and sections
of the buildings. Every building standing at a height of more than 25 metres is to be provided with
diesel generators which can be utilized in case of power failure.

Foundation & Structural Design

All materials and workmanship should be of good quality conforming generally to accepted standards
of Bureau of Indian Standard specification & codes as included in National Building Code of India.
All materials and workmanship shall be of good quality conforming generally to accepted standards
of Bureau of Indian Standard specification & codes as included in National Building Code of
India. No building or part of a building shall be constructed or reconstructed or no addition or
alteration shall be made to any existing building in the intervening spaces between the building and
any overhead electric supply line.

The height of the handrail in the staircase should not be less than 90cms and if balusters are provided,
no gap in the balusters should be more than 10cms wide. Every slab or balcony overlooking any
exterior or interior open space which are 2 meters or more below should be provided with parapet
walls or guard rails of height not less than 1.20 meters and such guard rails shall be firmly fixed to the
walls.

Plumbing Services

A plumbing or sanitation code is a set of rules and regulations imposed by cities or counties. Anyone
doing work on drinking water and sewer or toilet facilities systems are responsible to make the work
in a specific, safe manner to avoid accidents and spread of disease. Water conservation and the health
aspects of plumbing have become important in the construction sector now.

Plumbing has to be attuned to the general design of the building. Many technical aspects such as
water pressure, venting and concepts of wet and dry areas in toilets have to be looked into in any
structure. Recently, the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
(IAPMO) developed a Plumbing Code for India. The Indian Plumbing Association (IPA), country’s
apex body of plumbing professionals, has launched ‘Uniform Plumbing Code’ (UPC).The World
Plumbing Council’s uniform plumbing code was mended as per Indian needs and created the code for
India.

Lightning Protection

Locations, surrounded partially or fully by unbroken metallic surfaces or nets do not allow lightning
to penetrate to the interior and hence a person is safe inside. Lightning prefers to strike the tallest of
all objects in the location of strike. Also it prefers metal objects. The larger the metal more is the
preference.

Avoid using metallic pipes to fix lamps on terrace of buildings. Also for drying clothes on the terrace,
iron poles with metallic or plastic wires are used. The Lightning Conductor which is also known as
Lightning Rod or Air Terminal is one of the best known forms of shielding device and has been in use
in protecting buildings and facilities where protection is mandatory.

The protective value of Inside buildings is better when at least some unbroken vertical metallic
conductors exist, such as rain gutters with down-pipes, water mains, rails for elevators, vertical metal
strips, steel braces or reinforcement, electrical installations and wires, etc. Electrical and electronic
equipments can be protected to a considerable extent from damage by installing a Lightning Arrestor.

Building Services
The planning, design and installation of electrical installations, air-conditioning and heating work
shall be carried out in accordance with part VIII Building Service Section 2 – Electrical installations,
Section 3 Air conditioning and Heating of National Building Code of India. The planning, design
including the number of lifts, type of lifts, capacity of lifts, depending on occupancy of building,
population on each floor and height of building.

Psychological effect of colour on our mind :-

adding color is the best way to change things up in the different space—no renovation, no
construction, just paint and a brush. Whether you're a greige kind of person or someone who loves a
pop of anything vibrant, Punch up your cabinets with bright blues and reds, or ground a large space
with a soothing gray or green... No matter what your color preference—or if you're totally stumped
for inspiration—

When you approach home design, you likely do so in a couple of different ways – choosing objects
and colors that simply look attractive or using an existing pattern or decor theme to govern your
decisions. However, color is a powerful tool that can be used to inspire emotions, create space
illusions or simply set the mood and atmosphere for any particular room. Especially when used with
interior and exterior painting, color psychology is a great way to create a healthy and beautiful home.