Glenn Basester Lea 27

Fire Administration and Organization in United Kingdom

Introduction

United Kingdom is the one who had superior equipment by their needs to prevent

and maintain the life of person and property, they support there branch and organization

as well as the administration to take a high quality response in particular event or such

cases to so. Firefighting is promulgating modern techniques of services. The fire

services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative

arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Emergency cover

is provided by over fifty agencies. These are officially known as a fire and rescue

service (FRS) which is the term used in modern legislation and by government

departments. The older terms of fire brigade and fire service survive in informal usage

and in the names of a few organizations.

Central government maintains national standards and a body of independent

advisers through the Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser, which was created in 2007,

while Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services provides

direct oversight. The devolved government in Scotland has a similar agency, HMFSI

Scotland. Firefighters in the United Kingdom are allowed to join unions, the main one

being the Fire Brigades Union, while chief fire officers (the heads of the various FRS)

are members of the National Fire Chiefs Council (formerly the Chief Fire Officers

Association), which has some role in national co-ordination.

 History

The 17th century and the beginning of the 19th century, all fire engines and

crews in the United Kingdom were either provided by voluntary

bodies, parish authorities or insurance companies. James Braidwood founded the

world's first municipal fire service in Edinburgh after the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824

destroyed much of the city's Old Town. Braidwood later went on to become

superintendent of the London Fire Engine Establishment (LFEE), which brought

together ten independent insurance company brigades in 1833. A 7-foot-tall (2.1 m)

bronze statue of Braidwood, located in Parliament Square in Edinburgh, commemorates

his achievements. The Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire was formed in

1836 mainly to provide mobile escape ladders; protection of life was not the main

concern of the insurance company brigades. Today it exists to give "recognition to

individuals who perform acts of bravery in rescuing others from fire". James Braidwood

was killed at the Tooley Street fire of 1861, where a wall collapsed on top of him. This

fire was a major factor in the decision of the British government, after much lobbying by

liability-laden insurance companies and LFEE, to create the Metropolitan Fire Brigade in

1866. The MFB would be publicly funded and controlled through the Metropolitan Board

of Works. Its first superintendent was Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw. In 1904, the MFB

changed its name to the London Fire Brigade.

Outside London, new local government bodies created by late 19th century

legislation (such as the Local Government Act 1894 took over responsibility for fire-

fighting. Before 1938, 20th century there was some 1,600 local fire brigades in

operation. The Fire Brigades Act 1938 constituted the councils of all county
boroughs and county districts (municipal boroughs, urban and rural districts) as fire

authorities. The councils were required to provide the services for their borough or

district of such a fire brigade and of such fire engines, appliances and equipment as

may be necessary to meet efficiently all normal requirements. At roughly the same time,

the Auxiliary Fire Service, consisting largely of unpaid volunteers, was formed in parallel

to the Air Raid Precautions organization. Every borough and urban district had an AFS

unit, and they operated their own fire stations in parallel to the local authority. Members

of the AFS could be called up for full-time paid service if necessary; a similar

arrangement applied to the wartime Special Constabulary.

The effects of the 1938 Act were short lived (though it was not repealed until

1947), as all local brigades and Auxiliary Fire Service units in Great Britain were merged

into the National Fire Service in 1941, which was itself under the auspices of the Civil

Defense Service. There was a separate National Fire Service (Northern Ireland). Before

the war, there had been little or no standardization of equipment, most importantly in the

diameter of hydrant valves. This made regional integration difficult.

The 1938 Act was replaced by the Fire Services Act 1947, which disbanded the

National Fire Service and made firefighting functions the responsibility

of county and borough councils, meaning there were still far fewer brigades than before

the war. There were also slightly different arrangements in Scotland from England and

Wales. The Auxiliary Fire Service was reformed in 1948 as a national fire reserve, and

operated the famous Green Goddess "self-propelled pumps", tasked with relaying vast

quantities of water into burning cities after a nuclear attack, and also with supporting

local fire services. Local government was completely reorganized in the mid 1970s
(see Local Government Act 1972 and Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973), meaning

many fire brigades were merged and renamed. There have been some other

amalgamations since then, including the 2013 merger of all Scottish services into one,

the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service.

Before 1974 all but one of the fire brigades in England and Wales used the term

"Fire Brigade", the exception was the City of Salford, which called itself "Fire

Department". After 1974 All but two of the new authorities adopted the term "Fire

Service", the two exceptions being Avon County and County Cleveland. Most of the

older County brigades who came though the reorganization with little change also

changed their names to "Fire Service", the only brigades not to adopt the term were

London, Cornwall, East Sussex, Somerset, West Sussex and Wiltshire, all of which still

retained the name "Fire Brigade". More recently, almost all fire authorities have

changed their name to "Fire and Rescue Service", the only exceptions to this are,

Cleveland and London who still use "Fire Brigade" and West Midlands Fire Service.
 Discussion

In United Kingdom was more on support on their civilization so that they

accomplished their duty as fire responder as well as life keeper. Further they developed

firefighting development such as This development section has been produced in order

to help individuals gain a greater understanding of the different aspects of the

assessment procedure for development, through the ADC (Assessment & Development

Centres) to a final PQA (Personal Qualities and Attributes) or competency-based

interview. Some FRS’s are no longer using ADCs in a traditional format (e.g. in-basket

exercise, role-plays, group exercise). However, you are likely to have a number of

activities to under-take as part of any promotions process. This section is aimed at

individuals considering further career development in the FRS (Fire and Rescue

Service), or anyone who would simply like to know more about what the processes are

likely to involve.

Moreover, United Kingdom Firefighting enhance by these attending Gain an in-

depth understanding of the forthcoming changes to key fire safety standards and hear

about the impact they will have on you, your organization, and the fire safety industry,

understand how standards development encourages best practice, enhance your

knowledge about fire safety and ensure that you have successful fire safety practices in

place, network with your peers and have your questions answered by fire safety experts

and standard makers. Perhaps, United Kingdom superior by these means of firefighting

BS 7974 Fire safety engineering, Fire evacuation techniques in tall buildings, Fire risk

assessment, Building regulations, Fire suppression systems, Facade testing Brexit's

impact on standards.
 Firefighting Equipment

Hose Reels - These are connected to fire

engine.

Hose Jets – These hoses are more powerful

that hose reels and pass larger quantities of water;

they need two firefighters to operate this material.

Ladders – It is a standard fire engine of different

heights that are used for different purposes.

Positive Pressure Ventilation Fan – Can be used in

two different ways. They used defensively fight and

assist clearing smoke.

Breathing Apparatus - Firefighter are dealing them

when they are dealing with incident and very full of

chemical fumes.

Spreaders – Primarily used for releasing people

trapped in the vehicle or traffic collision.

Rams – They are used to create space and assist

with vehicle.
 Recommendation

We already know that United Kingdom is a progressive country of all and they

mold there services as a good and modern quality for all personal and equipment,

because they technically support their function such as crime prevention, lives and

property in order to built a good sample to their community. Furthermore, United

Kingdom is full of material that we’ve ever know. Hence, UK Fire Services are

resourceful their mankind especially if there many or different calamities or phenomena

that they encounter, UK Aims to provide Fire and Rescue Services as much they want

to help others due to essential factors of their services.