DOC. NO.

: 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE

REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 2 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

SUMMARY OF REVISION SHEET

This page is a record of all revisions of the procedure and the following revision (s) has (have) been made to
this procedure.

REV. DATE PAGE DESCRIPTION

00 09 October, 2017 All First issue

 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 3 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Daftar Isi Table of Content

Par. Uraian Par. Description Page

1 Tujuan 1 Purpose 4
2 Umum 2 General 4
3 Persyaratan Keselamatan 3 Safety Requirements 6
4 Referensi 4 References 6
5 Definisi-definisi 5 Definitions 7
6 Kwalifikasi Personel dan Tanggung 6 Personnel Qualification and 7
Jawab Responsibility
7 Instruksi 7 Instructions 8
7.1 Persiapan Permukaan 7.1 Surface Preparation 8
7.2 Perlengkapan dan material 7.2 Equipments and materials 8
7.3 Exposure Geometry 7.3 Exposure Geometry 10
7.4 Jenis Image Quality Indicator (IQI) 7.4 Type of Image Quality Indicators (IQI) 11
7.5 Pemilihan Image Quality Indicator 7.5 Selection of Image Quality Indicators 11
(IQI) (IQI)
7.6 Penempatan Image Quality Indicator 7.6 Placement of Image Quality Indicators 12
(IQI) (IQI)
7.7 Identifikasi gambar 7.7 Identification of Images 13
7.8 Penyimpanan film 7.8 Storage of Film 14
7.9 Density film dan Sensitivity 7.9 Film Density and Sensitivity 14
7.10 Proses gambar 7.10 Image Processing 15
7.11 Area process gambar 7.11 Image Processing Area 15
7.12 Film identifikasi 7.12 Film identification 15
8 Standard Keberterimaan API 1104 8 Acceptance Standards API 1104 15
8.1 Inadequate penetration 8.1 Inadequate penetration 16
8.2 Incomplete Fusion. 8.2 Incomplete Fusion 16
8.3 Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap 8.3 Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap 16
8.4 Internal Concavity. 8.4 Internal Concavity 16
8.5 Burn-Through tidak diperbolehkan 8.5 Burn-Through is not allowed 17
8.6 Slag Inclusions 8.6 Slag Inclusions 17
8.7 Porosity 8.7 Porosity 18
8.8 Cracks 8.8 Cracks 19
8.9 Undercut 8.9 Undercutting 20
8.10 Accumulation of Imperfections 8.10 Accumulation of Imperfections 20
9 Acceptance Standards ASME / ANSI 9 Acceptance Standards ASME / ANSI 20
B31.8 B31.8
10 Memproses Image 10 Image Proccessing 21
Lampiran Attachments 22~27

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
1 Tujuan
1.1 Untuk menyediakan petunjuk
pelaksanaan pengujian radiografi pada
lasan material ferrous (carbon steel, low
alloy steel and stainless steel material)
termasuk PQT dan WPQT, menggunakan
X-rays atau Gamma ray.
Untuk PQT dan WPQT, radiographic
testing harus dilaksanakan paling sedikit
24 jam setelah selesai pengelasan.
1.2 Prosedur ini terdiri dari versi Inggris dan
Indonesia, jika ada konflik antara
keduanya maka versi Inggris yang
dipakai
2 Umum
2.1 Prosedur ini menyajikan persyaratan
untuk menghasilkan gambar radiografi
pada film atau media lain melalui
penggunaan sinar-X atau sinar
gamma. Suatu prosedur rinci untuk
produksi gambar harus ditetapkan dan
dicatat. Film radiografi yang dihasilkan
dengan menggunakan prosedur ini harus
mempunyai density, kejelasan, dan
kontras standar. Gambar yang dihasilkan
oleh sistem lain harus memiliki
sensitivity yang diperlukan untuk
menampakkan diameter kawat Image
Quality Indicator (IQI). Kriteria berikut
harus digunakan untuk e valuasi gambar:
a. Sebuah kualitas yang dapat diterima
gambar yang bebas dari kabut dan dari
penyimpangan pemrosesan yang dapat
menutupi gambar cacat aktual
b. Menunjukkan Image Quality Indicator
(IQI) dan diameter kawat esensial
c. Sebuah sistem identifikasi yang memuaskan
d. Suatu teknik yang dapat diterima dan setup
e. Kesesuaian dengan standar keberterimaan.
2.2 Kontraktor harus menyediakan semua
materila, pekerja, peralatan, dan peralatan
yang perlu untuk radiography inspeksi
100% semua girth weld. Peralatan,
kwalifikasi radiography prosedur,
penggunaan penetrameter, proses film,
film identifikasi, penyimpanan record
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 4 of 27
1 Purpose
1.1 This procedure provides guidance during
the conduct of radiographic examination of
welds of ferrous material (carbon steel,
low alloy steel and stainless steel material)
include PQT and WPQT , using X-rays or
Gamma rays.
For PQT and WPQT, radiographic testing
shall be performed at least 24 hours after
finish welding.
1.2 This procedure consists of English and
Indonesian versions, should there is
conflict between these versions the English
version shall govern.
2 General
2.1 This procedure presents the requirements
for producing radiographic images on film
or other media through the use of X-rays or
gamma rays. A detailed procedure for the
production of images shall be established
and recorded. Radiographic film produced
by the use of this procedure shall have the
density, clarity, and contrast required by
this standard. Images produced by other
systems shall have the requisite sensitivity
to define clearly the essential wire
diameter of the proper Image Quality
Indicator (IQI). The following criteria shall
be used to evaluate images:
a. An acceptable image quality that is free
from fog and from processing irregularities
that could mask the image of actual
imperfections.
b. The prescribed Image Quality Indicator
(IQI) and the essential wire diameter.
c. A satisfactory identification system.
d. An acceptable technique and setup.
e. Compatibility with acceptance standards.
2.2 Contractor shall furnish all materials,
labor, tools, and equipment necessary to
radiography inspection 100% of all girth
welds. The equipment, film, radiographic
procedure qualification, qualification of
radiographer, use of penetrameters, film
processing, film identification, record

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
harus didkumentasikan
2.3 Kontraktor harus menyediakan dan
menjaga peralatan dan spare part untuk
radiography dan komplet proses film,
plus semua film, screen, mask, filter,
penetrameter, cassett, lead number dan
letter, proses chemical, dsb. Perlu untuk
spesifikasi radiography dan film proses.
2.4 Kecuali sumber radiasi alternative
disetujui oleh Company / principal,
semua lasan 12 inch dan lebih besar
diameter mainline pipe, kecuali lasan tie-
in, harus di radiography dengan self
propelled, crawler X-ray machine. X-ray
machine harus mampu di posisikan dan
dioperasikan dari jauh. Radiographic
equipment harus ada collimator
membatasi lebar beam ke lebar film plus
51 mm ( 2 inches ) menghindari exposure
yang tidak center. Kontraktor harus
menjaga dua ( 2 ) crawler untuk setiap
lokasi ( 100% standby ) siap dipakai dan
jaga spare part
2.5 Jika diperlukan oleh Company / principal,
Kontraktor harus menyediakan dan
menyediakan peralatan external radiography
dan spare part. Kontraktor harus
menyediakan dan menyediakan semua
peralatan dan mensuply yang diperlukan
radiography tsb. Tie-in weld bisa diinspeksi
dengan X-ray atau gamma ray, external
radiography.
2.6 Sebelum produksi radiography
Kontraktor harus mencatat detail setiap
maksud penggunaan prosedur, termasuk
semua item yang disebut diatas.
2.7 Setiap prosedur harus di kwalifikasi
untuk demonstrasi kemampuan
menghasilkan radiograp yang diterima.
Kwalifikasi radiograph harus dibuat dari
minimum dan maximum wall thickness
umtuk setiap prosedur.
Semua demonstrasi prosedur radiography
harus di saksikan oleh, dan harus dapat
pengesahan Company / principal
Representatives.
2.8 Kontraktor harus mensuply prosedur
keselamatan ke Company / principal
meliputi :
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 5 of 27
keeping shall be documented.
2.3 Contractor shall furnish and maintain
equipment and spare parts for radiography
and for complete film processing, plus all
film, screens, masks, filters, penetrameters,
cassettes, lead numbers and letters, processing
chemicals, etc., necessary for the specified
radiography and film processing.
2.4 Unless an alternative radiation source is
agreed to by Company / principal, all 12
inch and larger diameter mainline pipe
welds, except tie-in welds, shall be
radiographed using self propelled, crawler
X-ray machines. These X-ray machines
shall have capability of being accurately
positioned and actuated remotely.
Radiographic equipment shall contain a
collimator limiting beam width to film
width plus 51 mm ( 2 inches ) guarding
against off-center exposures. Contractor
shall maintain two ( 2 ) crawlers for each
spread ( 100% standby ) ready for use
with routine maintenance spare parts.
2.5 If required by Company / principal,
Contractor also shall furnish and maintain
external radiography equipment and spare
parts. Contractor shall furnish and maintain
all equipment and supplies required for the
specified radiography. Tie-in welds may be
inspected either X-ray or gamma ray,
external radiography.
2.6 Prior to any production radiography,
Contractor shall record the details of each
procedure the intends to use, including all
items listed above.
2.7 Each procedure shall be qualified to
demonstrate the capability to produce
acceptable radiographs. Qualification
radiographs shall be made of both
minimum and maximum wall thickness for
each procedure.
All radiographic procedure demonstration
shall be witnessed by, and are subject to
the approval Company / principal
Representatives.
2.8 Contractor shall supply written safety
procedures to Company / principal
covering :
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 6 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
a. Normal storage dan transportasi a. Normal storage and transportation of
sumber radiasi source
b. Personnel exposure monitoring, b. Personnel exposure monitoring,
control dan evakuasi controls and evacuation.
c. Mengembalikan sumber yang lepas ( c. Retrieval of a disconnected source (
system crank rusak ) crank out system )
d. Kegagalan jendela camera pipeline d. Failure of pipeline camera window to
untuk menutup close
e. Kerusakan badan camera e. Rupture of camera body
f. Kontaminasi dari Containment karena f. Containment of contamination due to a
kerusakan sumber ( isotope keluar ruptured source ( isotope is out of the
dari pelindungnya dan tidak bisa shield and cannot be put back )
dikembalikan ) g. Contractor shall furnish all personnel,
g. Kontraktor harus menyediaakan handling tools and containment device
semua personnel, alat angkat dan alat at the job site necessary to execute the
continer di job site perlu untuk above described safety at all times
melakukan keselamatan diatas setiap during the source of the work.
waktu selama summber dipakai.

3 Persyaratan Keselamatan 3 Safety Requirements

3.1 Peraturan keselamatan PT. TERRA
SAMUDRA ENG harus ditaati selama
dalam pengujian.
3.2 KESELAMATAN ( S.H.E
INSTRUKSI )
 Selalu menggunakan PPE such as
sepatu keselamatan, sarung tangan,
kaca mata keselamatan, dan helm.
 Waspada tempat yang licin dan benda
jatuh
 Waspada benda berbahaya sekitar
tempat kerja
 Berhenti kerja dan lapor ke supervisor
untuk tempat kerja yang tidak aman
 Pasang barricade atau tali pengaman
pada jarak aman jika radiography
 Pakai alat pengaman ketinggian jika
kerja diatas 2 m
 Pungut sampah dan buang ditempat
yang tersedia
 Jangan membuang pelumas, oli atau
cairan bekas test ke lantai
3.1 PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG’s safety
regulation shall be followed during
examination.
3.2 SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION )
 Always use PPE such as Safety shoes,
hand glove, safety glass, and helmet.
 Watch out for slippery and falling
object.
 Watch out for the hazard around the
areas.
 Stop the activities and report to client
and supervisor for unsafe working
condition.
 Put barricade or safety line in the safe
distance during the radiographic
 Use fall protection equipment if
working above 2 m.
 Collect all waste and put it in agreed
place.
 Do not expose any lubricant, oil or test
fluid to the ground.

4 Referensi 4 References
4.1 PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG Written 4.1 PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG’s Written
Practice Procedure Practice Procedure
4.2 API 1104, 2013 – 21st Edition, Welding of 4.2 API 1104, 2013 – 21st Edition, Welding of
Pipeline dan Related Facilities.(SNI 13-3472-
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 7 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
2002), ERATA-1, 2, 3 dan Addendum 2014. Pipeline and Related Facilities. (SNI 13-
3472-2002), ERATA-1, 2, 3 and
Addendum 2014.
4.3 ASME BPV Section V, Article 2, 2015 4.3 ASME BPV Section V, Article 2, 2015
Edition Edition
4.4 ANSI B31.8, 2016; Gas Transmission 4.4 ANSI B31.8, 2016; Gas Transmission and
and Distribution Piping Systems Distribution Piping Systems

5 Definisi-definisi 5 Definitions
5.1 RT: Pengujian Radiografi. 5.1 RT: Radiographic Examination.
5.2 NDE: Pengujian tanpa merusak. 5.2 NDE: Non Destructive Examination.
5.3 IQI: Indikator qualitas gambar 5.3 IQI: Image Quality Indicator.
radiografi.
5.4 Densitometer: sebuah alat untuk 5.4 Densitometer: a device for measuring the
mengukur density film radiografi. optical density of radiograph film.
5.5 Indication: respon atau tanda bukti dari 5.5 Indication: the respond or evidence from a
sebuah pengujian tanpa merusak yang nondestructive examination that requires
memerlukan interpretasi untuk relevansi. interpretation to determine relevance.
5.6 Nominal thickness : tebal nominal dari 5.6 Nominal thickness : The nominal thickness of
material induk saja. Tolerance dari pabrik the parent material only. Manufacturing
pembuat tidak diperhitungkan. tolerances do not have to be taken in account.
5.7 Object-to-film distance, t : Jarak antara 5.7 Object-to-film distance, t : The distance
permukaan objek sisi radiasi dan between the radiation side of the test object
permukaan film diukur sepanjang central and the film surface measured along the
dari beam radiasi. central axis of the radiation beam.
5.8 Source size, S : ukuran dari sumber 5.8 Source size, S : The size of the source
radiasi radiation.
5.9 Source-to-film distance, SFD : jarak 5.9 Source-to-film distance, SFD : The distance
antara sumber radiasi dan film diukur between the source of radiation and the film
pada arah dari beam radiasi. measured in the direction of the beam.
5.10 Source-to-object distance, D : Jarak 5.10 Source-to-object distance, D : The distance
antara sumber radiasi dan objek dari sisi between the source of radiation and the source
sumber radiasi diukur sepanjang central side of the test object measured along the
dari beam radiasi. central axis of the radiation beam.

6 Kwalifikasi Personel dan Tanggung 6 Personnel Qualification and

Jawab Responsibility
6.1 Personel yang melakukan pengujian 6.1 Personnel conducting the examination
harud dikualifikasi berdasarkan PT. shall be qualified in accordance with PT.
TERRA SAMUDRA ENG Written TERRA SAMUDRA ENG’s Written
Practice Prosedur Practice Procedure.
6.2 Personel yang menentukan keberterimaan 6.2 Personnel determining the acceptability to
sesuai syarat –syarat dari prosedur ini the requirements of this procedure shall be
harus mempunyai kwalifikasi Level II qualified to Level II or Level III
atau Level III radiographer.
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 8 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
7 Instruksi 7 Instructions
7.1 Persiapan Permukaan 7.1 Surface Preparation
7.1.1 Riak lasan atau penyimpangan 7.1.1 Weld ripples or weld surface irregularities
permukaan lasan baik pada bagian dalam on both the inside (where accessible) and
(di mana dapat diakses) dan luar harus outside shall be removed to such a degree
dihilangkan sedemikian rupa sehingga that the resulting radiographic image due
gambar radiografi yang dihasilkan karena to surface irregularities cannot mask or be
permukaan yang tidak rata tidak confused with the image of any
menutupi atau menjadi bingung dengan discontinuities.
gambar dari setiap diskontinuitas.
7.1.2 Permukaan dari semua sambungan las 7.1.2 The finished surface of all butt welded
butt mungkin digerinda rata dengan joints may be flush with the base material
bahan dasar atau mempunyai cukup or may have reasonably uniform crowns,
mahkota seragam, dengan reinforcement, with reinforcement, not to exceed that
tidak melebihi yang ditentukan dalam specified in the referencing Code.
referensi code.
7.2 Perlengkapan dan material 7.2 Equipments and materials
7.2.1 Sumber radiasi harus dari X-Ray atau 7.2.1 Radiation source shall be from X-Ray or
Gamma Ray ( Ir 192, Se 75). Energy Gamma Ray( Ir 192, Se 75). The radiation
radiasi yang dipakai untuk teknik radiografi energy employed for radiographic
harus bisa menghasilkan density dan technique shall achieve the density and IQI
gambar IQI yang dipersyaratkan. image requirements.
7.2.2 Ukuran source atau focal spot harus 7.2.2 The source size or focal spot shall be
terangkan dengan pernyataan tertulis. identified by written statements
7.2.3 Range penetrasi yang diizinkan untuk 7.2.3 The permitted penetration ranges for
sumber gamma ray harus seperti Table gamma ray source shall be as Table below.
berikut. For certain application wider wall
Untuk aplikasi khusus tebal range boleh thickness range may be permitted, if
lebih lebar diperbolehkan, jika iamage sufficient image quality can be achieved.
quality yang cukup bisa dilaksanakan.
7.2.4 Table, Penetrated thk. Range gamma ray for steel, 7.2.4 Table, Penetrated thk. Range gamma ray for steel,
copper and nickel copper and nickel
Penetrated thickness, w mm Penetrated thickness, w mm
Radiation source Radiation source
Test class A Test class B Test class A Test class B
1)
Se 75 1) 10 ≤ w ≤ 20 14 ≤ w ≤ 20 Se 75 10 ≤ w ≤ 20 14 ≤ w ≤ 20
Ir 192 10 ≤ w ≤ 40 14≤ w ≤ 40 Ir 192 10 ≤ w ≤ 40 14≤ w ≤ 40

7.2.5 Film Radiography 7.2.5 Radiographic Film

Radiography harus dibuat dengan Radiographs shall be made by using
menggunakan film radiography indutri industrial films, shall be ultrafine grain
dengan butiran sangat halus sesuai finer grain as per EN 584 – 1 : C3. Type of
dengan EN 584 – 1 : C3. Tipe film yang film used and other constraints defined in
digunakan dan variable lain yang dijelaskan this procedure shall achieve the density
dalam procedure ini harus memenuhi and IQI image requirements. Film shall
persyaratan density dan IQI. Film harus
have sufficient length and shall be placed
mempunyai panjang yang memadai dan
to provide at least 25 mm of film beyond
harus diletakkan setidaknya 25 mm porsi film
diluar ujung daerah lasan yang terproyeksi. the projected edge of the weld. Film width
Lebar film harus mencukupi untuk shall be sufficient to depict all portions of

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
menampung seluruh porsi dari lebar lasan
dan HAZ nya dan memberikan tempat
tambahan untuk IQI yang dibutuhkan dan
identifikasi film tanpa menimpa daerah
interest dari radiograph. Merk dan tipe film
yang digunakan sebagai berikut :
a. KODAK /CARESTREAM AA400
b. AGFA D7
a. FUJI IX 100
Catatan: merk dan klas film lainnya
bisa digunakan asalkan mendapat
persetujuan dari Inspektor yang
berwenang.
7.2.6 Densitometer yang terkalibrasi harus
digunakan untuk mengevaluasi film RT.
7.2.7 National Standard Step Tablet Film
National standard step tablet film
traceable ke national standard step tablet
dan mempunyai paling sedikit 5 steps
dengan neutral densities paling sedikit
dari 1.0 sampai 4.0 harus digunakan.
National standard step tablet film bisa
digunakan tanpa verifikasi selama satu
tahun setelah dibuka, asalakan masih
dalam waktu yang disebut pembuatnya.
7.2.8 Kalibrasi Densitometer.
a. Densitometers harus dikalibrasi paling sedikit
setiap 90 hari selama digunakan sebagai
berikut :
b. Instruksi pabrik dalam pengoperasian
densitometer harus diikuti.
c. Step density yang dekat dengan 1, 2, 3
dan 4 density unit pada step wedge film
yang terkalibrasi harus dibaca.
d. Densitometer diterima jika pembacaan
density tidak bervariasi lebih dari 0.05
density unit. Dalam suatu hal ada perbedaan
yang berdampak pada penerimaan film,
pembacaan densitometer yang dipakai.
e. Kalibrasi check harus dilaksanakan pada
setiap awal shift, setelah 8 jam digunakan
secara terus menerus atau setelah diganti
spare partnya, mana yang terjadi dahulu.
Periodic densitometer verification check
tidak perlu didokumentasikan, log
aktivitas bisa dibuat untuk aktivitas ini.
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 9 of 27
the weld joint, including HAZs, and shall
provide sufficient additional space for the
required wire IQI and film identification
without infringing upon the area of interest
in the radiograph. Film brands, types,
should be as follow :
c. KODAK /CARESTREAM AA400
d. AGFA D7
e. FUJI IX 100
Note: other film brands and class may be
used provided receive approval from
Authorized Inspector.
7.2.6 Calibrated Densitometer shall be used
during RT film evaluation.
7.2.7 A National Standard Step Tablet Film
A national standard step tablet film
traceable to a national standard step tablet
and having at least 5 steps with neutral
densities from at least 1.0 through 4.0 shall
be used. A national standard step tablet
film may be used without verification
for one year upon opening, provided it is
within the manufacturers stated self-life.
7.2.8 Densitometer Calibration
a. Densitometers shall be calibrated at least
every 90 days during use as follow:
b. The manufacturer’s instructions for the
operation of densitometer shall be followed.
c. The density steps closest to 1, 2, 3 and 4
density unit on the calibrated step wedge
film shall be read.
d. The densitometer is acceptable if the
density readings do not vary more than
0.05 density unit. In case of a difference
affecting acceptability of the film, the
densitometer reading shall govern.
e. Calibration verification check shall be
performed at the beginning of each shift,
after 8 hrs. continual use or after change
of apertures, whichever comes first.
Periodic densitometer verification checks
do not have to be documented, the activity
log may be provided.

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
7.3 Exposure Geometry
7.3.1 Film Radiography
7.3.1.1 Ketika sumber radiografi terpusat pada
pipa untuk penyinaran lasan lurus, salah
satu paparan adalah cukup untuk inspeksi
radiografi dari komplet semua lasan
(SWE/SWV)
7.3.1.2 Ketika sumber radiografi di luar tetapi
tidak lebih dari 1/2 in (13 mm) dari
permukaan lasan, setidaknya tiga paparan
yang terpisah 120 derajat harus dibuat
untuk inspeksi radiografi seluruh lasan
(DWE/SWV)
7.3.1.3 Ketika sumber radiografi berada di luar
dan lebih dari 1/2 in (13 mm) dari
permukaan lasan, setidaknya empat
paparan yang terpisah 90 ° harus dibuat
untuk inspeksi radiografi seluruh lasan
(DWE/ SWV)
7.3.1.4 Ketika diameter pipa yang terdapat las
adalah 3.500 inci (88,9 mm) atau kurang,
DWE/DWV prosedur dapat digunakan
7.3.1.5 Bila prosedur ini digunakan dan sinar
radiasi adalah offset sehingga bagian
source-side dan film-side las tidak
tumpang tindih di bidang radiografi yang
sedang dievaluasi, setidaknya dua
paparan yang terpisah 90 ° harus dibuat
untukpemeriksaan radiografi lasan
7.3.1.6 Ketika bagian source-side dan film-side
lasan ditumpangkan, setidaknya tiga
paparan yang dipisahkan oleh 60 ° harus
dibuat untuk inspeksi radiografi seluruh
lasan
7.3.1.7 Ketika diameter yang lebih kecil, lebih
tebal dinding pipa adalah diradiografi,
eksposur tambahan harus dilakukan
untuk meminimalkan distorsi gambar
ketidaksempurnaan di ujung radiografi
7.3.1.8 Jarak minimum antara sumber atau focal
spot dan sisi sumber objek yang
diradiografi harus ditentukan dengan
rumus berikut (dengan menggunakan unit
pengukuran konstan):
D = St/k
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 10 of 27
7.3 Exposure Geometry
7.3.1 Film Radiography
7.3.1.1 When a radiographic source is centered in
the pipe for exposing a butt weld, one
exposure is adequate for the radiographic
inspection of the complete weld
(SWE/SWV).
7.3.1.2 When the radiographic source is outside
but not more than 1/2 in.(13 mm) from the
weld surface, at least three exposures
separated by 120° shall be made for the
radiographic inspection of a complete weld
(DWE/SWV).
7.3.1.3 When the radiographic source is outside
and more than 1/2 in. (13 mm) from the
weld surface, at least four exposures
separated by 90° shall be made for the
radiographic inspection of a complete weld
(DWE/ SWV).
7.3.1.4 When the diameter of the piping
containing the weld is 3.500 in. (88.9 mm)
or less, a DWE/DWV procedure may be
used.
7.3.1.5 When this procedure is used and the
radiation beam is offset so that the source-
side and film-side portions of the weld do
not overlap in the areas of the radiograph
being evaluated, at least two exposures
separated by 90° shall be made for the
radiographic inspection of a complete
weld.
7.3.1.6 When the source-side and film-side
portions of the weld are superimposed, at
least three exposures separated by 60° shall
be made for the radiographic inspection of
a complete weld.
7.3.1.7 When smaller diameter, thicker wall pipe is
radiographed, additional exposures should be
made to minimize the distortion of
imperfection images at the ends of the
radiographs.
7.3.1.8 The minimum distance between the source
or focal spot and the source side of the
object being radiographed shall be
determined by the following formula
(using constant units of measurement):
D = St/k

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
dimana
D = jarak minimum, dalam inci, antara
sumber atau focal spot dan sisi
sumber dari obyek yang
diradiografi
S = ukuran, dalam inci, dari sumber yang
efektif atau focal spot
t = ketebalan las, dalam inci, termasuk
penguatan, ditambah jarak antara sisi
film las dan film
k = factor geometric unsharpness
Jika radiography digunakan untuk lasan
reel pipe, geometric un-sharpness harus
tidak boleh lebih 0.25 mm ( 0.01 inch )
Ketika t ditentukan untuk prosedur
SWE/SWV dan DWE/SWV, ketebalan
dinding tunggal dan penguatan las yang
harus digunakan. Ketika t ditentukan
untuk prosedur DWE/DWV, diameter
luar las (yaitu, diameter luar pipa
ditambah dua kali tinggi rata-rata dari
mahkota las) harus digunakan. Biasanya,
k adalah 0,02 inci (0,5 mm) untuk
material dengan ketebalan kurang dari
atau sama dengan 2.000 inci (50,8 mm).
7.4 Jenis Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
7.4.1 Image Quality Indicators (IQI) harus
memenuhi persyaratan baik ASTM E 747
atau ISO 19232-1 IQI kawat. Perusahaan
harus menentukan jenis IQI (ASTM atau
ISO) yang akan digunakan.
7.4.2 IQI harus dibuat dari bahan yang
radiografi mirip dengan material yang
dilas.
7.5 Pemilihan Image Quality Indicator
(IQI)
7.5.1 IQI harus terdiri dari salah satu rangkaian
enam (6) kawat untuk tipe kawat ASTM
E747 atau serangkaian tujuh (7) kawat
untuk tipe kawat ISO IQI 19232-1,
disusun sesuai diameter secara bertahap.
7.5.2 Diameter kawat esensial untuk
digunakan, berdasarkan ketebalan las
dilampirkan di Tabel 8 (Exhibit I) untuk
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 19 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 11 of 27
where
D = minimum distance, in inches,
between the source or focal spot and
the source side of the object being
radiographed,
S = size, in inches, of the effective
source or focal spot,
t = thickness of the weld, in inches,
including reinforcement, plus the
distance between the film side of the
weld and the film,
k = geometric unsharpness factor.
If radiography is used for inspection of reel
pipe welds, geometric un-sharpness shall
not exceed 0.25 mm ( 0.01 inch )
When t is determined for SWE/SWV and
DWE/SWV procedures, the thickness of
the single wall and its weld reinforcement
shall be used. When t is determined for
DWE/DWV procedures, the outside
diameter of the weld (that is, the outside
diameter of the pipe plus twice the average
height of the weld crown) shall be used.
Normally, k is 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) for
material with a thickness of less than or
equal to 2.000 in.(50.8 mm).
7.4 Type of Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
7.4.1 Image Quality Indicators (IQI) shall
conform to the requirements of either
ASTM E 747 or ISO 19232-1 wire IQI.
The company shall define which type IQI
(ASTM or ISO) is to be used.
7.4.2 The IQI shall be made of material that is
radiographically similar to the material
being welded.
7.5 Selection of Image Quality Indicators
(IQI)
7.5.1 The IQI shall consist of either a series of
six (6) wires for ASTM E747 wire type or
a series of seven (7) wires for ISO 19232-1
wire type IQI, arranged in order of
increasing diameter.
7.5.2 The essential wire diameter to be used,
based on the thickness of the weld is
shown in Table 8 (Exhibit I) for ASTM E

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
IQI tipe kawat ASTM E 747 dan Tabel 9
(Exhibit I) untuk tipe kawat ISO IQI.
7.5.3 Sebagai pilihan kontraktor radiografi,
diameter kawat lebih kecil IQI daripada
yang ditentukan di atas dapat digunakan,
asalkan sensitivitas radiografi yang
diperlukan dapat diperoleh.
7.5.4 Gambar radiografi dari IQI
mengidentifikasi gaya nomor dan set
huruf ASTM atau gambar ISO harus
tampak jelas. Gambar dari diameter
kawat esensial harus tampak jelas di
seluruh area of interest.
7.5.5 Sensitivity dari radiograp harus 1% atau
lebih bagus pada area lasan, yang
mungkin perlu tambahan 25% lama
exposure. Ini harus ditentukan sesuai
dengan ASME Section V.
Catatan: Untuk tujuan seleksi IQI,
ketebalan las berarti tebal dinding
nominal ditambah reinforcement las
(gabungan internal plus eksternal).
Jika teknik “ elliptical “ DWE/DWV
digunakan, tebal lasan adalah dua kali
wall thickness yang dimaksud plus single
weld reinforcement ( internal plus
external kombinasi ).
Jika teknik “ superimposed “ DWE/DWV
digunakan, tebal lasan adalah dua kali
wall thickness yang dimaksud plus dua
kali weld reinforcement ( internal plus
external kombinasi ).
7.6 Penempatan Image Quality Indicator
(IQI)
7.6.1 Film
IQI harus ditempatkan sebagai berikut:
a. Ketika lasan diradiografi dengan eksposur
tunggal menggunakan sumber dari dalam
pipa, setidaknya empat IQI ditempatkan
melintang di las dan berjarak kira-kira
sama dalam lingkaran harus digunakan.
b. Untuk prosedur DWE/DWV, satu IQI
harus ditempatkan pada sisi sumber pada
pipa dan melintang di lasan sehingga
gambar kawat esensial menumpuk ke
gambar las.
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 12 of 27
747 wire type IQI and Table 9 (Exhibit I)
for ISO wire type IQI.
7.5.3 At the radiographic contractor's option,
smaller wire diameter IQI than those
specified above may be used, provided the
required radiographic sensitivity is
obtained.
7.5.4 The radiographic images of the IQI
identifying style number and ASTM set
letter or ISO designation shall appear
clearly. The image of the essential wire
diameter shall appear clearly across the
entire area of interest.
7.5.5 Radiographic sensitivity shall be 1% or
better in weld area, which may require an
additional 25% longer exposure. This shall
be determined according to ASME Section
V.
Note: For purposes of IQI selection, the
thickness of the weld shall mean nominal
wall thickness plus the weld reinforcement
(internal plus external combined).
When the “ elliptical “ DWE/DWV
technique is used, the thickness of the weld
means twice the specified wall thickness
plus the single weld reinforcement (
internal plus external combined ).
When the “ superimposed “ DWE/ DWV
technique is used, the the thickness of the
weld means twice the specified wall
thickness plus the twice weld reinforcement (
internal plus external combined ).
7.6 Placement of Image Quality Indicators
(IQI)
7.6.1 Film
The IQI shall be placed as follows:
a. When a complete weld is radiographed in a
single exposure using a source inside the
piping, at least four IQI placed across the
weld and spaced approximately equally
around the circumference shall be used.
b. For the DWE/DWV procedure, one IQI
shall be placed on the source side of the
pipe and across the weld so that the
essential wire image is superimposed onto
the weld images.

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
c Untuk prosedur DWE/SWV atau SWE/
SWV yang membutuhkan beberapa
paparan untuk pemeriksaan lengkap lasan,
dan di mana panjang film yang akan
diinterpret lebih besar dari 5 inci (130
mm), dua IQI ditempatkan melintang di
lasan dan terletak pada film harus
digunakan. Satu harus berada dalam jarak 1
in (25 mm) dari akhir film panjang
diinterpretasikan dan yang lainnya harus di
tengah-tengah film.
d. Ketika panjang film diinterpret adalah 5
inci (130 mm) atau kurang, satu IQI
harus ditempatkan pada sisi film,
melintang di lasan dan terletak di pusat
panjang yang akan diinterpret.
e. Ketika las diperbaiki diradiografi, sebuah
IQI tambahan harus ditempatkan di setiap
daerah yang diperbaiki.
f. Bila tidak praktis untuk m enempatkan
IQI pada lasan karena las konfigurasi
atau ukuran, IQI dapat ditempatkan pada
blok terpisah. blok terpisah harus dibuat
dari material yang sama atau mirip dan
dapat digunakan untuk memfasilitasi
posisi IQI. Ketebalan bahan blok terpisah
harus sama dengan ketebalan dari lasan.
g. Heat shields: IQI dapat ditempatkan pada
perisai panas selain kontak dengan pipa,
dengan ketentuan bahwa penerimaan
penempatan IQI didemonstrasikan pada
saat kualifikasi prosedur.
h. Untuk kwalifikasi, keduanya source dan film
side penetrameter harus digunakan pada
setiap lokasi dimana penetrameter diperlukan
dalam produksi radiography. Keduanya
source dan film side penetrameter harus
digunakan pada setiap produksi radiography
lokasi penetrameter
7.7 Identifikasi gambar
7.7.1 Gambar harus jelas diidentifikasi dengan
menggunakan lead numbers, lead letters,
marker, atau identifikasi lain sehingga
lasan dan setiap cacat dapat dengan cepat
dan akurat diketahui lokasinya.
Perusahaan bisa menentukan prosedur
identifikasi yang akan digunakan.
7.7.2 Bila lebih dari satu gambar digunakan untuk
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 13 of 27
c For the DWE/SWV or SWE/ SWV
procedures requiring multiple exposures
for complete inspection of the weld, and
where the length of film to be interpreted is
greater than 5 in. (130 mm), two IQI
placed across the weld and located on the
film side shall be used. One shall be within
1 in. (25 mm) of the end of the film length
to be interpreted and the other shall be at
the center of the film.
d. When the film length to be interpreted is 5
in. (130 mm) or less, one IQI shall be
placed on the film side, across the weld
and located at the center of the length to be
interpreted.
e. When a repaired weld is radiographed, an
additional IQI shall be placed across each
repaired area.
f. When it is not practical to place an IQI on the
weld due to weld configuration or size, the
IQI may be placed on a separate block.
Separate blocks shall be made of the same or
radiographically similar material and may be
used to facilitate IQI positioning. The
thickness of the separate block material should
be the same as the thickness of the weld.
g. Heat shields: IQI may be placed on a heat
shield rather than in contact with the pipe,
provided that the acceptability of such IQI
placement is demonstrated during
procedure qualification
h. For qualification , both source and film
side penetrameters shall be used at each
location where penetrameters are required
in production radiography. Both source
and film side penetrameters shall be used
at each production radiography
penetrameter location.
7.7 Identification of Images
7.7.1 Images shall be clearly identified by the
use of lead numbers, lead letters, markers,
or other identification so that the proper
weld and any imperfections in it can be
quickly and accurately located. The
company may specify the identification
procedure to be used.
7.7.2 Whenever more than one image is used to

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
memeriksa mengelas, marker identifikasi
harus muncul pada setiap gambar, dan
gambar yang berdekatan harus tumpang
tindih.
7.7.3 Marker referensi terakhir pada setiap akhir
gambar harus muncul pada gambar
berdekatan yang sesuai dengan cara
menetapkan bahwa tidak ada bagian las telah
dihilangkan.
7.8 Penyimpanan film
7.8.1 Film
Semua film tidak terpapar harus disimpan
di tempat yang bersih dan kering dimana
kondisi tidak akan berdampak buruk
terhadap emulsi. Jika pertanyaan timbul
tentang kondisi film tidak terpapar,
lembaran dari depan dan belakang setiap
paket atau panjang film sama dengan
keliling setiap roll asli harus diproses
dengan cara yang normal tanpa terkena
cahaya atau radiasi.
7.8.2 Jika film diproses menunjukkan kabut,
seluruh kotak atau roll dari mana film uji
telah dihapus harus dibuang, kecuali tes
tambahan membuktikan bahwa film yang
tersisa dalam kotak atau roll bebas dari
pra-paparan kabut melebihi 0,30 H&D
menular density transparent-based film
atau 0,05 H & D tercermin density untuk
opaque-based film.
Catatan: H & D mengacu pada metode
Hurter-Driffield untuk mendefinisikan
kuantitatif kehitaman dari film.
7.9 Density film dan Sensitivity
7.9.1 Semua final interpretasi dari film harus
dilakukan oleh Company / principal
representative.
Radiograph harus diinterpret sesuai
dengan acceptance standard
7.9.2 Semua cacat lasan dan bagian lasan
ditemukan oleh inspeksi radiography harus
direpair atau dipotong dan di las ulang
dengan tidak ada yang dibebankan ke
Company / principal.
7.9.3 Density film
Kecuali untuk area kecil yang disebabkan
oleh konfigurasi lasan tidak teratur,
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 14 of 27
inspect a weld, identification markers shall
appear on each image, and adjacent images
shall overlap.
7.7.3 The last reference marker on each end of
the image shall appear on the appropriate
adjacent images in a way that establishes
that no part of the weld has been omitted.
7.8 Storage of Film
7.8.1 Film
All unexposed films shall be stored in a
clean, dry place where the conditions will
not detrimentally affect the emulsion. If
any question arises about the condition of
the unexposed film, sheets from the front
and back of each package or a length of
film equal to the circumference of each
original roll shall be processed in the
normal manner without exposure to light
or radiation.
7.8.2 If the processed film shows fog, the entire
box or roll from which the test film was
removed shall be discarded, unless
additional tests prove that the remaining
film in the box or roll is free from pre-
exposure fog exceeding 0.30 H&D
transmitted density for transparent-based
film or 0.05 H&D reflected density for
opaque-based film.
Note: H&D refers to the Hurter-Driffield
method of defining quantitative blackening
of the film.
7.9 Film Density and Sensitivity
7.9.1 The final interpretation of all films shall be
made by Company / principal
representative. Radiographs shall be
interpreted in accordance with acceptance
standard
7.9.2 All welds or portions of welds disclosed by
radiographic inspection to be defective
shall be repaired or cut out and re-welded
at no cost to Company / principal.
7.9.3 Film Density
Except for small localized areas caused by
irregular weld configurations, the

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
density H&D ditransmisikan di area of
interest transparent-based film tidak
boleh kurang dari 2.5. Maximum density
adalah 3.5 dimana interpretasi bisa
dilaksanakan dengan viewer.
7.9.4 Peralatan film viewing
a. Peralatan viewing (illuminator) harus
dari jenis variabel intensitas tinggi dan
harus mampu melihat densitas film dalam
rentang yang ditentukan. Ini harus
dilengkapi untuk mencegah cahaya, yang
datang dari sekitar tepi luar radiografi
atau melalui bagian kepadatan rendah
radiografi, dari mengganggu interpretasi.
b. Fasilitas Film viewing
Fasilitas viewing harus tersedia
pencahayaan remang - yang tidak akan
menyebabkan refleksi yang mengganggu,
bayangan, atau silau pada radiograf.
c. Ruangan interpretasi harus bisa
digunakan minimum 3 orang, terpisah
dari dark room.
7.10 Proses gambar
Bila diminta oleh perusahaan, film atau
media gambar lain harus diproses,
ditangani, dan disimpan sehingga gambar
bisa diinterpret lagi minimal 10 tahun
setelah dibuat.
7.11 Area process gambar
Area process film dan semua aksesoris
harus di jaga kebersihannya setiap saat.
7.12 Film identifikasi, arah penomoran pada
meteran harus searah jarum jam jika
melihat di arah aliran.
8 Standard Penerimaan untuk for API 1104
General :
a. Semua densiti dimaksud paragraph
didasarkan pada gambar negatif.
b. Minimum standard acceptability untuk
penetration, fusion, burned through areas,
slag inclusion, gas pockets,
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 15 of 27
transmitted H&D density in the area of
interest of transparent-based film shall not
be less than 2.5. The maximum density
shall be 3.5. where adequate interpretation
can be achieved with the view screen.
7.9.4 Film Viewing Equipment
a. The viewing equipment (illuminator) shall
be of the variable high-intensity type and
shall be capable of viewing film densities
within the range specified. It shall be equipped
to prevent light, coming from around the outer
edge of the radiograph or through low density
portions of the radiograph, from interfering
with interpretations.
b. Film Viewing Facilities
Viewing facilities shall provide subdued
background lighting of an intensity that
will not cause troublesome reflections,
shadows, or glare on the radiograph.
c. The room interpretation shall
accommodate a minimum of 3 persons,
separated from dark room
7.10 Image Processing
When requested by the company, film or
other imaging media shall be processed,
handled, and stored so that the images are
interpretable for at least 10 years after they
are produced.
7.11 Image Processing Area
The image processing area and all
accessories shall be kept clean at all times.
7.12 Film identification, the direction of
numbering on tape shall be clock wise
when looking in direction of flow.
8 Acceptance Standards for API 1104
General :
a. All densities referred to following
paragraph are based on negative images.
b. Minimum acceptability standards for
penetration, fusion, burned through areas,
slag inclusion, gas pockets, discontinuities,

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
discontinuities, and undercutting harus
sesuai dengan B31.8 Code
8.1 Inadequate penetration tidak
diperbolehkan
8.2 Incomplete Fusion.
Incomplete Fusion (IF) didefinisikan
sebagai ketidaksempurnaan permukaan
antara logam las dan bahan dasar yang
terbuka ke permukaan. Kondisi ini secara
skematis diperlihatkan pada Gambar 16. IF
harus dianggap sebagai defect bila salah
satu kondisi berikut ada:
a. Panjang indikasi individual IF
melebihi 1 in (25 mm)
b. Panjang agregat dari indikasi IF dalam
setiap 12 in. (300 mm) kontinyu
panjang lasan melebihi 1 in (25 mm)
c. Panjang agregat dari indikasi IF
melebihi 8% dari panjang lasan di
lasan apapun kurang dari 12 inci (300
mm) panjang
8.3 Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap
Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap
(IFD) didefinisikan sebagai suatu
ketidaksempurnaan antara dua manik-
manik las yang berdekatan atau antara
logam las dan logam dasar yang tidak
terbuka ke permukaan.Kondisi ini secara
skematis diperlihatkan pada Gambar
17. IFD harus dianggap sebagai defect
bila salah satu kondisi berikut ada:
a. Panjang indikasi individual IFD
melebihi 2 in (50 mm)
b. Panjang agregat dari indikasi IFD
dalam setiap 12 in. (300 mm)
kontinyu panjang lasan melebihi 2 in
(50 mm)
c. Panjang agregat dari indikasi IFD
melebihi 8% dari panjang lasan.
8.4 Internal Concavity.
Internal Concavity (IC) didefinisikan
dalam 3.2.7 (API Standard 1104) dan
skematis diperlihatkan pada Gambar
18. Setiap panjang Internal Concavity
dapat diterima, asalkan density radiografi
dari Internal Concavity tidak melebihi
base material tertipis berdekatan.
Untuk area yang densitynya melebihi
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 16 of 27
and undercutting shall also comply with
ASME B31.8 Code.
8.1 Inadequate penetration is not allowed
8.2 Incomplete Fusion
Incomplete fusion (IF) is defined as a
surface imperfection between the weld
metal and the base material that is open to
the surface. This condition is shown
schematically in Figure 16. IF shall be
considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication
of IF exceeds 1 in. (25 mm).
b. The aggregate length of indications of
IF in any continuous 12-in. (300 mm)
length of weld exceeds 1 in. (25 mm).
c. The aggregate length of indications of
IF exceeds 8% of the weld length in
any weld less than 12 in. (300 mm) in
length.
8.3 Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap
Incomplete fusion due to cold lap (IFD) is
defined as an imperfection between two
adjacent weld beads or between the weld
metal and the base metal that is not open to
the surface. This condition is shown
schematically in Figure 17. IFD shall be
considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication
of IFD exceeds 2 in. (50 mm).
b. The aggregate length of indications of
IFD in any continuous 12-in. (300
mm) length of weld exceeds 2 in. (50
mm).
c. The aggregate length of indications of
IFD exceeds 8% of the weld length.
8.4 Internal Concavity
Internal concavity (IC) is defined in 3.2.7
(API Standard 1104) and is shown
schematically in Figure 18. Any length of
internal concavity is acceptable, provided
the density of the radiographic image of
the internal concavity does not exceed that
of the thinnest adjacent parent material.
For areas that exceed density of the

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
base material tertipis berdekatan
maka tidak diperbolehkan.
8.5 Burn-Through tidak diperbolehkan
8.6 Slag Inclusions
8.6.1 Slag Inclusions didefinisikan sebagai
non-logam padat yang terperangkap
dalam logam las atau diantaranya dan
bahan induk. Elongated slag inclusions
(ESIs)-misalnya garis slag kontinu atau
terpotong atau trek gerobak biasanya
ditemukan di zona fusion. Isolated slag
inclusions (ISIS) adalah berbentuk tidak
beraturan dan dapat terletak di mana saja
di las.
Untuk tujuan evaluasi, ketika ukuran
indikasi radiografi terak diukur, dimensi
maksimum indikasi harus
dipertimbangkan adalah panjang.
8.6.2 Untuk pipa dengan diameter luar lebih
besar atau sama dengan 2,375 inci (60,3
mm), slag inclusions harus dianggap
sebagai defect bila salah satu kondisi
berikut ada:
a. Panjang sebuah indikasi ESI
melebihi 2 in (50 mm).
Catatan: Paralel ESI indikasi
dipisahkan oleh sekitar lebar root
bead (trek wagon) harus dianggap
sebagai indikasi tunggal kecuali jika
lebar dari salah mereka melebihi 1 /
32 inci (0,8 mm). Dalam hal itu,
mereka harus dianggap indikasi
terpisah.
b. Panjang agregat dari ESI dalam
setiap 12 in (300 mm) kontinu
panjang lasan melebihi 2 in (50 mm)
c. Lebar indikasi ESI melebihi 1/16 in.
(1.6 mm).
d. Panjang agregat indikasi ISI setiap
12 in. (300 mm) kontinu panjang
lasan melebihi ½ in. (13 mm)
e. Lebar indikasi ISI melebihi 1/8 in. (
3 mm )
f. Lebih dari empat indikasi ISI dengan
lebar maksimum 1/8 (3 mm) ada
setiap 12 in. ( 300 mm ) kontinu
panjang lasan.
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 17 of 27
thinnest adjacent parent material is not
allowed.
8.5 Burn-Through is not allowed
8.6 Slag Inclusions
8.6.1 A slag inclusion is defined as a
nonmetallic solid entrapped in the weld
metal or between and the parent material.
Elongated slag inclusions (ESIs)-e.g
continuous or broken slag lines or wagon
tracks are usually found at the fusion zone.
Isolated slag inclusions (ISIs) are
irregularly shaped and may be located
anywhere in the weld.
For evaluation purposes, when the size of a
radiographic indication of slag is
measured, the indications maximum
dimension shall be considered is length.
8.6.2 For pipe with an outside diameter greater
than or equal to 2.375 in. (60.3 mm), slag
inclusions shall be considered a defect
should any of the following conditions
exist:
a. The length of an ESI indications
exceeds 2 in. (50 mm).
Note: Parallel ESI indications
separated by approximately the width
of the root bead (wagon tracks) shall
be considered a single indication
unless the width of either them
exceeds 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). In that
event, they shall be considered
separate indications.
b. The aggregate length of ESI
indications in any continuous 12 in.
(300 mm) length of weld exceeds 2
in. (50 mm).
c. The width of an ESI indication
exceeds 1/16 in. (1.6 mm).
d. The aggregate length of ISI indications in
any continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of
weld exceeds ½ in. (13 mm)
e. The width of an ISI indication
exceeds 1/8 in. ( 3 mm )
f. More than four ISI indications with
the maximum width of 1/8 (3 mm) are
present in any continuous 12 in. ( 300
mm ) length of weld.

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
g. Panjang agregat indikasi ESI and ISI
melebihi 8% panjang lasan.
8.6.3 Untuk pipa dengan diameter luar kurang
dari 2,375 inci (60,3 mm), slag inclusions
harus dianggap sebagai defect bila salah
satu kondisi berikut ada:
a. Panjang sebuah indikasi ESI
melebihi tiga kali lebih tipis dari
ketebalan dinding nominal
sambungan
Catatan: indikasi paralel ESI
dipisahkan oleh sekitar lebar dari
bead root (trek wagon) harus
mempertimbangkan indikasi terpisah
b. Lebar indikasi ESI melebihi 1/16 in
(1.6 mm)
c. Panjang agregat dari indikasi ISI
melebihi dua kali dari ketebalan
tertipis dinding nominal sambungan
dan lebar melebihi satu setengah dari
ketebalan tertipis dinding nominal
sambungan
d. Panjang indikasi ESI and ISI
melebihi 8% panjang lasan
8.7 Porosity
8.7.1 Porosity didefinisikan sebagai gas yang
terperangkap oleh pembekuan logam lasan
sebelum gas memiliki kesempatan untuk naik
ke permukaan cair dan melarikan
diri. Porosity umumnya berbentuk bulat
tetapi mungkin memanjang atau tidak teratur
bentuknya, seperti porosity pipa (lubang
cacing). Bila ukuran dari indikasi radiografi
dihasilkan oleh tuangan diukur, dimensi
maksimum indikasi akan berlaku dengan
kriteria yang diberikan dalam 8.7.2 melalui
8.7.4
8.7.2 Individu atau scattered porosity (P)
harus dianggap sebagai defect bila salah
satu kondisi berikut ada:
a. Ukuran pori individual melebihi 1/8
inci (3 mm)
b. Ukuran pori individual, melebihi
25% dari ketebalan tertipis dinding
nominal sambungan
c. Distribusi scattered porosity
melebihi diizinkan oleh figure 19
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 18 of 27
g. The aggregate length of ESI and ISI
indications exceeds 8% of the weld
length.
8.6.3 For pipe with an outside diameter less than
2.375 in. (60.3 mm), slag inclusions shall
be considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exist:
a. The length of an ESI indications
exceeds three times the thinner of the
nominal wall thickness joined.
Note: Parallel ESI indications
separated by approximately the width
of the root bead (wagon tracks) shall
be consider separate indications.
b. The width of an ESI indications
exceeds 1/16 in (1.6 mm).
c. The aggregate length of ISI
indications exceeds two times the
thinner of the nominal wall-thickness
joined and the width exceeds one-half
the thinner of the nominal wall
thicknesses joined.
d. The aggregate length of ESI and ISI
indications exceeds 8% of the weld
length.
8.7 Porosity
8.7.1 Porosity is defined as gas trapped by
solidifying weld metal before the gas has a
chance to rise to the surface of the molten
paddle and escape. Porosity is generally
spherical but may be elongated or irregular
in shape, such as piping (wormhole)
porosity. When the size of the radiographic
indication produce by a pour is measured,
the maximum dimension of the indication
shall apply to the criteria given in 8.7.2
through 8.7.4
8.7.2 Individual or scattered porosity (P) shall
be considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exist:
a. The size of an individual pore exceeds
1/8 in (3 mm).
b. The size of an individual pore exceeds
25% of the thinner of the nominal
wall thicknesses joined
c. The distribution of scattered porosity
exceeds the concentration permitted

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
atau 20 (exhibit IV atau V).
8.7.3 Cluster porosity (CP) yang terjadi dalam
setiap pass kecuali pass akhir harus
memenuhi kriteria 8.9.2. CP yang terjadi
di pass akhir harus dianggap sebagai
defect bila salah satu kondisi berikut ada,
lihat lampiran Figure 19 dan 20.
a. Diameter cluster melebihi ½ inci (13
mm)
b. Panjang agregat CP dalam setiap 12
in (300 mm) kontinu panjang lasan
ada di ½ in(13 mm).
8.7.4 Hollow bead porosity (HB)
didefinisikan sebagai memanjang;
porositas linier yang terjadi pada root
pass. HB harus dianggap sebagai defect
bila salah satu kondisi berikut ada:
a. Panjang indikasi individual HB
melebihi ½ (13 mm)
b. Panjang agregat dari indikasi HB
dalam setiap 12 in (300 mm) kontinu
panjang las melebihi 2 in (50 mm)
c. Indikasi HB individual, masing-
masing lebih besar dari ¼ inci (6
mm) panjang, dipisahkan oleh
kurang dari 2 inci (50 mm)
d. Panjang agregat dari semua indikasi
HB melebihi 8% dari panjang lasan
8.8 Cracks
Cracks (C) dari semua type tidak
diperbolehkan.
8.9 Undercut
Undercutting didefinisikan sebagai alur
meleleh ke dalam bahan induk yang
berdekatan dengan kaki atau akar dari las
dan tertinggal tak terisi oleh logam
las.Undercutting berdekatan pada cover
pass (EU) atau root pass (IU) harus
dianggap sebagai defect bila salah satu
kondisi berikut ada:
a. Panjang agregat indikasi EU dan IU,
dalam kombinasi apapun, dalam
setiap 12 in (300 mm) kontinu
panjang lasan melebihi 2 in (50 mm)
b. Panjang agregat indikasi EU dan IU,
dalam kombinasi apapun, melebihi
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 19 of 27
by figures 19 or 20 (Exhibit IV or V).
8.7.3 Cluster porosity (CP) that occurs in any
pass except the finish pass shall comply
with the criteria of 8.9.2. CP that occurs in
the finish pass shall be considered a defect
should any of the following conditions
exist, see attached Figure 19 dan 20.
a. The diameter of the cluster exceeds ½
in. (13 mm).
b. The aggregate length of CP in any
continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of
weld exist ½ in (13 mm).
8.7.4 Hollow bead porosity (HB) is defined as
elongated; linear porosity that occurs in the
root pass. HB shall be considered a defect
should any of the following conditions
exist:
a. The length of an individual indication
of HB exceeds ½ in (13 mm)
b. The aggregate length of indications of
HB in any continuous 12 in. (300
mm) length of the weld exceeds 2 in.
(50 mm).
c. Individual indications of HB, each
greater than ¼ in (6 mm) in length,
are separated by less than 2 in. (50
mm).
d. The aggregate length of all
indications of HB exceeds 8% of the
weld length.
8.8 Cracks
Cracks (C) of any type is not allowed.
8.9 Undercutting
Undercutting is defined as a groove melted
into the parent material adjacent to the toe
or root of the weld and left unfilled by
weld metal. Undercutting adjacent to the
cover pass (EU) or root pass (IU) shall be
considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exists:
a. The aggregate length of indications of
EU and IU, in any combination, in
any continuous 12 in. (300 mm)
length of weld exceeds 2 in. (50 mm).
b. The aggregate length of indications of
EU and IU, in any combination,
exceeds one sixth of the weld length.

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
seperenam panjang lasan
Catatan: Lihat 9.7 (API Standard 1104) untuk
standar penerimaan untuk undercutting bila
pengukuran visual dan mekanis dilaksanakan
8.10 Accumulation of Imperfections
Tidak termasuk incomplete penetration
due to high-low dan undercutting setiap
Accumulation of Imperfections (AI)
harus dianggap sebagai defect bila salah
satu kondisi berikut ada
a. Indikasi Panjang agregat dalam
setiap 12 in (300 mm) kontinu
panjang lasan melebihi 2 in (50 mm)
b. Panjang agregat dari indikasi
melebihi 8% dari panjang lasan
9 Standar Penerimaan ASME / ANSI
B31.8 diambil dari ASME BPV Code
Sect. VIII Div.1 Para UW-51
Umum. Keberterimaan final dari radiograph
harus didasarkan pada kemampuan untuk
kelihatannya gambar lubang (IQI) dan lubang
yang disyaratkan atau kawat yang
disyaratkan IQI kawat.
9.1 Semua karakteristik indikasi tipe crack
atau zona fusi tidak komplet atau
penetrasi tidak komplet tidak dapat di
terima.
9.2 Semua indikasi slag yang memanjang
dengan panjang lebih dari berikut ini
tidak dapat diterima:
a 1/4” (6 mm) for T up to 3/4” (19 mm).
b 1/3T for T over 3/4” (19 mm) to 2-
1/4”(57 mm).
c 3/4” (19 mm) for T over 2-1/4” (57 mm),
Dimana T adalah ketebalan pengelasan
tidak termasuk reinforcement yang di
ijinkan. Untuk pengelasan sambungan
Butt join antara dua bagian yang memiliki
perbedaan ketebalan pada pengelasan, T
adalah ketebalan yang tipis. Jika pengelasan
penetrasi penuh termasuk pengelasan fillet,
tebal dari throat fillet harus di masukan
dalam T
9.3 Suatu grup dari cacat dalam satu garis
lurus yang memiliki jumlah panjang lebih
dari T dari 12T, kecuali bila jarak antara
cacat melebihi 6L dimana L adalah
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 20 of 27
Note: See 9.7 (API Standard 1104) for
acceptance standards for undercutting
when visual and mechanical measurements
are employed.
8.10 Accumulation of Imperfections
Excluding incomplete penetration due to
high-low and undercutting any
accumulation of imperfections (AI) shall
be considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exist:
a. The aggregate length indications in
any continuous 12 in. (300 mm)
length of weld exceeds 2 in. ( 50 mm)
b. The aggregate length of indications
exceeds 8% of the weld length.
9 Acceptance Standards ASME / ANSI
B31.8 taken from ASME BPV Code Sect.
VIII Div.1 Para UW-51
General. Final acceptance of radiographs
shall be based on the ability to see the
prescribed hole (IQI) image and the
specified hole or the designated wire of a
wire IQI.
9.1 Any indication characterized as a crack or
zone of incomplete fusion or penetration
are not acceptable.
9.2 Any other elongated indication which has a
length greater than the following are not
acceptable
a 1/4” (6 mm) for T up to 3/4” (19 mm).
b 1/3T for T over 3/4” (19 mm) to 2-1/4”(57
mm).
c 3/4” (19 mm) for T over 2-1/4” (57 mm),
Where T is the thickness of the weld
excluding any allowable reinforcement.
For a butt weld joining two members
having different thicknesses at the weld, T
is the thinner of the two thicknesses. If a
full penetration weld includes a fillet weld,
the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall
be included in T.
9.3 Any group of aligned indications that have
an aggregate length greater than T in a
length of 12T, except when the distance
between the successive imperfections

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
panjang dari cacat terpanjang dalam grup
itu tidak dapat di terima
9.4 Indikasi bulat yang melebihi dari
spesifikasi standar yang diterima di
tentukan dalam Mandatory Appendix 4
dari ASME BPV Code Sect. VIII Div.1
adalah tidak dapat di terima.
10 Memproses Image
a Complete record harus di simpan untuk
semua lasan dan repair, termasuk lasan
yang disposisinya tidak memenuhi
standard acceptability. Format fim
identifikasi dan detail dari record harus di
ajukan ke Company / principal untuk
approve sebelum memulai produksi
lasan.
b. Semua radiograph harus diproses untuk
bisa disimpan tanpa berubah warna
sekurangnya 10 ( sepuluh ) tahun. Film
harus disimpan kedalam “ dokumen box
“ dengan lasan yang sama, secara
berurutan oleh Kontraktor.
c. Pencucian yang tepat diperlukan untuk
menghilangkan sisa dari fixer film. Jika
tidak dihapus dari film, bahan kimia ini
akan menyebabkan kerusakan berikutnya
(pewarnaan) dan kerusakan dari gambar
radiografi, terutama di daerah lowdensity.
d. Efektivitas pencucian dapat diperiksa
menggunakan tiosulfat uji sisa bahan
kimia yang dijelaskan di Panduan E 94
atau ANSI PH4.8.
e. 1 ( satu ) film contoh harus diambil dari
setiap 200 film yang di proses.
DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 21 of 27
exceeds 6L where L is the length of the
longest imperfection in a group are not
acceptable.
9.4 Rounded indications in excess of that
specified by the acceptance standards
given in the Mandatory Appendix 4 of
ASME BPV Code Sect. VIII Div.1 are not
acceptable.
10 Image Proccessing
a Complete records shall be kept of all welds
and all repairs, incuding the disposition of
all welds not meeting the standards of
acceptability. Film identification format
and details of record keeping shall be
submitted to Company / principal for
approval prior to start of production
welding.
b. All radiographs shall be proccessed to
allow storage of film without discoloration
for at least 10 ( ten ) years. Film shall be
storage in “ document box “ at the same
pace as welding, in an orderly manner by
Contractor.
c. Proper washing is necessary to remove
residual fixer from the film. If not removed
from the film, these chemicals will cause
subsequent damage (staining) and
deterioration of the radiographic image,
especially in lowdensity areas.
d. The effectiveness of washing may be
checked using the residual thiosulphate
chemicals test described in Guide E 94 or
ANSI PH4.8.
e. 1 ( one ) film sampling shall be taken from
every 200 films processed.
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 22 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 23 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Table 8—Weld Thickness Versus Diameter of ASTM E 747 Wire Type IQI
Weld Thickness Essential Wire Diameter
Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters ASTM Set Letter
0 – 0.250 0 – 6.4 0.008 0.20 A
> 0.250 – 0.375 > 6.4 – 9.5 0.010 0.25 A or B
> 0.375 – 0.500 > 9.5 – 12.7 0.013 0.33 B
> 0.500 – 0.750 > 12.7 – 19.1 0.016 0.41 B
> 0.750 – 1.000 > 19.1 – 25.4 0.020 0.51 B
> 1.000 – 2.000 > 25.4 – 50.8 0.025 0.64 B

Table 9—Weld Thickness Versus Diameter of ISO Wire Type IQI

Weld Thickness Essential Wire Diameter
Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters Wire Identity
0 – 0.250 0 – 6.4 0.008 0.20 13
> 0.250 – 0.375 > 6.4 – 9.5 0.010 0.25 12
> 0.375 – 0.500 > 9.5 – 12.7 0.013 0.33 11
> 0.500 – 0.750 > 12.7 – 19.1 0.016 0.41 10
> 0.750 – 1.000 > 19.1 – 25.4 0.020 0.51 9
> 1.000 – 2.000 >25.4 – 50.8 0.025 0.64 8

Note: One or both root faces may be inadequately filled at the inside surface.

Figure 13—Inadequate Penetration without High-low (IP)

Figure 14—Inadequate Penetration Due to High-low (IP)

Figure 15—Inadequate Cross Penetration (ICP)

 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 24 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Figure 16—Incomplete Fusion at Root of Bead or Top of Joint (IF)

Note: The cold lap shown is not surface-connected.

Figure 17—Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap (IFD)

Figure 18—Internal Concavity (IC)

 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 25 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Figure 19—Maximum Distribution of Gas Pockets: Wall Thicknesses Less Than or Equal to 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 26 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Figure 20—Maximum Distribution of Gas Pockets: Wall Thicknesses Greater Than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)
 DOC. NO. : 010/ NDT-RT/ TSE
REV. NO : 00
PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG DATE : 09 October, 2017
PAGE : 27 of 27
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

DENSITO METER CALIBRATION RECORD

Instrument type

Instrument Range

Serial No.

Calibration Date

Calibration Interval

Calibration Due

Acceptable Tolerance

Calibration Standard

Standard Serial No.

Procedure No. , Rev. No.

Step no. Standard Reading Actual Reading Deviation

Result : Signature:
Calibrated by :
NDE – Level

: Calibration Date