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Ec8351 Electronic Circuits 1 Unit 2 Solved WMR
Ec8351 Electronic Circuits 1 Unit 2 Solved WMR
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SUBJECT CODE : EC8351 SEM : III
SUBJECT NAME : ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS 1 YEAR : II
(100% NUMERICAL)
UNIT II - BJT AMPLIFIERS
Course Outcome: C203.2- Analyze the performance of small signal BJT amplifiers - single
stage and multi stage amplifiers
PART-A
1. “Base to collector voltage changes output current”. Justify using Early Effect. 2 A
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a current controlled device. So output current changes
due to change in input current. But according to early effect, named after its discoverer James
M. Early, is the variation in the effective width of the base in a BJT due to a variation in the
applied base-to-collector voltage. So the collector current varies with collector emitter
voltage. The relationship between collector current and collector emitter voltage is given by
r0 vCE / ic Q pt
r0 VA / I CQ
Where VA is the early voltage and r0 is called the small signal output resistance.
2. “Common collector configuration is called Emitter Follower”. Justify 2 A
As the input signal rises, the base emitter voltage rises ever so slightly, forward biasing the
junction and the transistor immediately starts to carry more current as a result. That current
goes through the parallel resistance of the emitter resistor and the load resistance and the
increased current results in increased voltage across the effective resistance. The net result is
the emitter voltage rises, following the base voltage. i.e., the output drawn from at the emitter
terminal follows the input which is applied at the base of the transistor. Hence it is called as
emitter follower.
3. A small signal source 𝑽𝒊 (𝒕) = 𝟐𝟎𝑪𝒐𝒔 + 𝟑𝟎𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒕 is applied to a transistor amplifier 2 A
shown in the figure below. The transistor has hfe=150, ro=∞ and rπ=3kΩ. Determine
Vo(t). [A/M’15]
Solution:
Given
VCC = 5V, R1 = 100kΩ, R2 = 20kΩ, RC = 3kΩ, RE = 900Ω, Vi(t) = 20cos20t + 30 sin
106t, hfe = β =150, rπ = 3 k Ω.
Step 1
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 3:
𝑉0(𝑡) = −𝑔𝑚𝑉𝜋(𝑟0‖ 𝑅𝐶 )
PART-B
1. Calculate Ri, Ri’, Av, Ai and R0 for the circuit shown below. The transistor parameters (16) A
are β=100, VBE=0.7 and VA=80 V.
Solution:
Given:
R1=R2=51K,RS=500Ω,VCC=10V,RE=1KΩ
Step 1:
Find ICQ and VCEQ:
REGULATION: 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-2020
VTH ( R2 / R1 R2 )VCC
(51K / 51K 51K ) X 10
5V .
RB R1 R2 25.5K
I B (VTH VBE ) / ( RB (1 ) RE )
(5 0.7) / 25.5 (1 100)1)
34 A
I CQ I BQ 100 X 34 A 3.4mA
VCEQ VCC I E RE VCC (1 / ) I CQ RE [10 (1 100) /100].(3.4).1
6.566V (4)
Step 2: Determine small signal transistor parameters:
r VT / I CQ (0.026)(100) / 3.4 765
g m I CQ / VT 3.4 / 0.026 130.77mA / V
r0 VA / I CQ 80 / 3.4 23.53K
(4)
Step 3: Find Ri, Av, Ai and R0
Ri ' r (1 )(ro R E ) 765 (1 100)(23.53 1k ) 97.647 k
Ri R1 R2 Ri ' 25.5k 97.647k 20.22 K
AV 0.968
Ai (1 )(( R1 R2 ) / ( R1 R2 Ri '))(r0 / r0 RE )
1.812
R0 7.51 (8)
2. Calculate the small signal voltage gain of an emitter follower circuit. Given β = 100, VBE (8) A
(on) = 0.7V, VA = 80V, ICQ = 0.793 mA, VCEQ = 3.4V. (6) [M/J’16]
Solution:
We know that for a emitter follower, the voltage gain is given by
(1+𝛽)(𝑟𝑜 ∥𝑅𝐸 )
𝐴𝑣 = 𝑟
𝜋 +(1+𝛽)(𝑟𝑜 ∥𝑅𝐸 )
𝑉 80
∴ 𝑟𝑜 = 𝐼 𝐴 = = 100.8𝐾Ω (2)
𝐶𝑄 0.793×10−3
𝑉𝑇 𝛽 0.026×100
𝑟𝜋 = = = 3.27𝐾Ω (2)
𝐼𝐶𝑄 0.793×10−3
Assume RE=1KΩ
(1+𝛽)(𝑟𝑜 ∥𝑅𝐸 )
𝐴𝑣 = 𝑟
𝜋 +(1+𝛽)(𝑟𝑜 ∥𝑅𝐸 )
(1+100)(100.8𝐾Ω∥1𝐾Ω)
= 3.27𝐾Ω+(1+100)(100.8𝐾Ω∥1𝐾Ω)
101×990.17
= = 0.96 (4)
3.27𝐾Ω+100𝐾Ω
3. For the circuit shown in the figure below determine input resistance and voltage gain. (16) A
Transistor parameters are β=100, VBE=0.7 and VA=infinity.
REGULATION: 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-2020
Solution:
Step 1:Find ICQ:
VTH ( R2 / R1 R2 )VCC
(5 / 47 5) X 10
0.96V .
RB R1 R2 4.52 K
I B (VTH VBE ) / ( RB (1 ) RE )
(0.96 0.7) / 4.52 (1 100)0.5)
4.73 A
I CQ I C 100 X 4.73 A 0.473mA
(6)
Step 2:
Determine Small Signal parameters rπ,gm and r0:
r VT / I CQ (0.026)(100) / 0.473 5.497 K
g m I CQ / VT 0.473 / 0.026 18.19mA / V
r0 VA / I CQ /1.727
(6)
Step 3:
Calculate Ri and Av:
Ri ' r (1 ) R E 5.947 (1 100)0.5 56k
Ri R1 R2 Ri ' 4.52 56 4.78K
AV 7.5
Using approximate formula, Av=-RC/RE = -9.4 (4)
4. (a) For the Circuit shown in the Figure below, RC=5kΩ, RB=100kΩ, RS=500Ω, (16) A
RE1=500Ω and RE2=5kΩ. The Transistor Parameters are β=100, VBE=0.7 and VA=100V,
Calculate Av and Ri.
REGULATION: 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-2020
Solution:
Step 1: Calculate ICQ:Applying KVL to the base emitter loop,
I B RB VBE I B (1 )( RE1 RE 2 ) VEE 0
I B RB I B (1 )( RE1 RE 2 ) VEE VBE
I B VEE VBE / ( RB I B (1 )( RE1 RE 2 ))
I B (5) 0.7 / (100 (1 100)(0.5 5)) 6.56 A
I CQ I C I B 100 X 6.56 A 0.656mA
(6)
Step 2: Determine small signal parameters :
r VT / I CQ (0.026)(100) / 0.656 3.96 K
g m I CQ / VT 0.656 / 0.026 25.23mA / V
r0 VA / I CQ 100 / 0.656 152.44 K
(4)
Step 3: Determine input resistance and voltage gain:
Ri R1 R2 Ri ' RB [r (1 ) RE1 ]
100 K [3.96 (1 100) X 0.5] 35.26 K
AV RC / [r (1 ) RE1 ]( Ri / Ri RS )
100 x5 / 3.96 (1 100) X 0.5(35.26 / 35.26 0.5) 9 (6)
5. For the circuit shown in the figure, determine Ri and voltage gain. Assume the transistor (16) A
parameters are amplification factor = 120, Base - emitter voltage = 0.7V and VA =
infinity.
REGULATION: 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-2020
Solution: (8)
Solution:
Step 1 : Find ICQ:
I B (VEE VBE ) / ( RB (1 ) RE )
(10 0.7) /100 (1 100)10)
8.378 A
I CQ I C I B 100 X 8.378 A 0.8378mA
(4)
Step 2: Determine small signal transistor parameters:
r VT / I CQ (0.026)(100) / 0.8378 3.1K
g m I CQ / VT 0.8378 / 0.026 32.223mA / V
r0 VA / I CQ / I CQ
(4)
Step 3: Find Ri,Av,Ai and R0
Ri r /1 3.1/1 100 30.69
Av g m ( RC RL ) / Rs [(r / ( 1)) RE Rs
32.223(10 2) /1[30.69 / (1 100) 10 1] 1.594
Ai g m R c / (R c R l )[(r / (1 ) R E ] 0.821
R0 RC 10 K (8)
REGULATION: 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-2020
7. For the circuit of BJT amplifier is shown in the figure below draw a.c and d.c load lines. (16) A
Also find the Q-point. Assume β=100, VBE=0.7V.
Solution:
Step 1: Obtain VCEQ,ICQ ,Point A & Point B.
Applying KVL to the base circuit
VCC I B RB VBE 0
I B (VCC VBE ) / RB (12 0.7) / 220 K 51.36mA
I CQ I B 100 X 51.36 A 5.136mA
(4)
Applying KVL to the collector circuit
VCC I c Rc VCEQ 0
VCEQ VCC I c Rc (12 5.136mAX 1000 6.864V (4)
Solution:
Step 1: Find RC,R1,R2 and R3
Neglecting base currents, (4)
I1 VCC / ( R1 R2 R3 ) 12 /100 0.12mA
VE1 I CQ 2 RE (0.5)(0.5) 0.25V
VC1 VCEQ1 VE1 4 0.25 4.25V
VC 2 VCEQ 2 VC1 4.25 4 8.25V
RC VCC VC 2 / I CQ (12 8.25) / 0.5 7.5 K
VB1 VE1 0.7 0.25 0.7 0.95V
VB1 [ R3 / ( R1 R2 R3 )]VCC R3 (12 /100) 0.95
Therefore
R3 7.92k
VB 2 VC1 0.7 4.25 0.7 4.95V
VB 2 VC1 0.7 4.25 0.7 4.95V
R2 (4.95)(100) /12 7.92 33.3K
R1 100 R2 R3 100 33.3 7.92 58.8 K (4)
Step2: Determine rπ and gm:
For both Q1 & Q2,
REGULATION: 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-2020
r 1 r 2 VT / I CQ (100)(0.026) / 0.5 5.2 K
g m1 g m 2 I CQ / VT 0.5 / 0.026 19.23mA / V
r0 r01 r02 (4)
Step 3:
Av Vo / Vs gm1 gm 2 (r 2 / (1 )( RC RL )
30.06 (4)
9. For a differential amplifier shown in the figure below, calculate Ad, Acm and CMRR. (8) A
Assume IQ=1, β=100, VA=Infinity, the output resistance looking into the constant
current source is R0 = 20K and source resistors RB = 0.
Solution:
Ad I Q RC / 4VT
Ad 1X 12 / 4(0.026) 115.38
Acm ( I Q RC / 2VT ) /1 [(1 ) R0 I Q / VT ]
Acm (1X 12 / 2(0.026) /1 [(1 100)20 X 1/ 0.023(100)]
Acm 0.297
CMRR Ad / Acm 115.38 / 0.297 388.5
CMRR(dB) 20 log10 388.5 51.79dB (4+4)