Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Mathematics
Algebra and graphs (3)

Simultaneous Linear Equations

 2 unknowns = 2 equations
 Elimination or Substitution

1. Find the simultaneous solution to the following pairs of equations:

a. y = x – 2; y = 3x + 6 b. y = x + 2; y = 2x – 3
c. y = 2x + 1; y = x – 3 d. y = 5x + 2; y = 3x - 2
e. y = 3x + 2; y = 2x +3 f. y = 5x – 2; y = 10x – 4
g. y = x + 4; y = 5 – x h. y = 2x – 5; y = 3 – 2x
i. y = x – 4; y = -2x – 4 j. y = 4x + 6; y = 6 – 2x

2. Solve the simultaneous equations by using the method of elimination:

a. 3x +4y = 6; 8x – 4y = 5 b. 2x – y = 7; -2x + 5y = 5
c. 7x – 3y = 2; 2x + 3y = 7 d. 6x – 11y = 12; 3x + 11y = -6
e. 5x – y = 4; 2x + y = 10 f. 3x – 2y = 7; 3x + 2y = -1
g. -5x – 3y = 14; 5x + 8y = -29 h. 4x + 3y = -11; -4x – 2y = 6
i. 2x – 5y = 14; 4x + 5y = -2 j. 6x + 5y = --6x – y = 13

3. Solve the simultaneous equations by using the method of elimination:

a. 2x + y = 8; x – 3y = 11 b. 3x + 2y = 7; x + 3y = 7
c. 5x – 2y = 17; 3x – y = 9 d. 7x – 2y = 20; 4x + 3y = -1
e. 3x – 2y = 5; 5x – 3y = 8 f. 3x – 4y = -15; 2x + 3y = 7
g. 8x – 5y = -9; 3x + 4y = -21 h. 3x + 8y + 34 = 0; 5x – 4y = 0
i. 5x – 6y = 8; 6x – 7y – 9 = 0 j. 2x – 7y – 18 = 0; 3x – 5y – 5 = 0

4. Solve the simultaneous equations by using the method of substitution:

a. 2x – y = 7; -2x + 5y = 5 b. 5x – y = 4; 2x + y = 10
c. 2x + y = 8; x – 3y = 11 d. 3x + 2y = 7; x + 3y = 7
e. 5x – 2y = 17; 3x – y = 9 f. 7x – 2y = 20; 4x + 3y = -1

Which method is easier or better?

5. Problem solving using simultaneous equations:

a. The sum of two numbers is 49 and their difference is 19. Find the numbers.
b. The average of two numbers is 43 and their difference is 16. Find the numbers.
c. The average of two numbers is 20. If one of the numbers is doubled and the other is
trebled, the average increases to 52. Find the numbers.
d. A visit to the cinemas costs £64 for a group of 2 adults and 5 children, and £68 for a
group of 3 adults and 4 children. Find the cost of each adult ticket and each children’s
ticket.
e. A tailor made costumes for students in a school play. Each male costume took 2 hours
and cost $40 to make. Each female costume took 3 hours and cost $80 to make. In total
the tailor spent 30 hours and $680 on the costumes. How many male costumes and how
many female costumes did the tailor make?
f. Eric and Jordan were each given $8 to spend at a candy store. Eric bought 2 chocolate
bars and 5 lolly bags, while Jordan bought 4 chocolate bars and 2 lolly bags. Neither
child had any money left over. Find the cost of a chocolate bar.
g. For a parallelogram alongside, find x and y.
Quadratic Equations
 Highest power = 2 (x2, x1, x0); Solutions/ root = 2
 Factorisation (Bracket method, Differences between two Squares, Perfect Squares)
 Today’s lesson: Quadratic Formula, Completing the Squares

Exercise
The Quadratic Formula

Exercise

How about completing the squares?

Redo the exercises above by using completing the squares method.