A TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE DESIGN OF

A 50 – BED PEADIATRIC CENTER FOR

IKORODU GENERAL HOSPITAL

BY

IBITOYE TAYO AYOMIDE

1703012016

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
LAGOS STATE POLYTECHNIC, IKORODU,
LAGOS STATE.

IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQIUREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (H.N.D) IN
ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY

JANUARY, 2019.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

 Historical review on the design

 General aim
 Influence on choice of design

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW

 Textual analysis
 Location context
 Site analysis
 Development on brief

CHAPTER THREE CASE STUDIES

 Local case studies

 International case studies

CHAPTER FOUR SPATIAL ANALYSIS

 Spaces
 Bubble diagram
 Space program
 Spatial relationship

CHAPTER FIVE DESIGN

 Drawings
 Explanation of concept
 Explanation of circulation

CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION

 Evaluation of design
 Limitations
 CHAPTER ONE

 INTRODUCTION

Pediatrics is a relatively new branch of medicine which offers its services exclusively to the
medical care of infants, children and adolescent. The term “pediatrics” is derived from the two
Greek words, pais meaning child and iatros meaning doctor and healer, as such it is intended to
mean the healer of children. Pediatric hospitals (Children’s hospitals) are designed with children
in mind, and have specialists, services and technology not found in other hospitals. Most children's
hospitals can serve children from birth up to the age of 18, or in some instances, children's
hospitals' doctors may treat children until they finish high school.

Each stage of a child’s growth and development can require different equipment and expertise
to provide safe, effective care that’s why the vast majority of specialized treatments and complex
procedures for children are performed in children’s hospitals. Children's hospitals are
characterized by greater attention to the psychosocial support of children and their families. Some
children and young people have to spend relatively long periods in hospital, so having access to
play and teaching staff can also be an important part of their care. In addition to psychosocial
support, children's hospitals have the added benefit of being staffed by professionals who are
trained in treating children. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as
a pediatrician, or pediatrician. Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in
its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians.

IMPORTANCE OF PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS

The importance of a children’s hospital stretches beyond hospital walls. Not only do children’s
hospitals provide specialized pediatric health care for children and teens, but they contribute to
their surrounding communities through progressive research, education and awareness.

 Child-Sized Care: Children’s diseases are rarely seen in adults or effect kids differently,
so there is a need for a specialized place just for kids. Children’s hospitals fill this unique health
care need for infants, children and teens in their region. Physicians and care teams at children’s
hospitals understand the specific needs of children, partnering with families in the decision-making
and treatment process. Miller Children’s & Women’s Hospital Long Beach serves as the region’s
leading pediatric destination for more than 80,000 kids annually with more than 40 pediatric
specialties and programs – just for kids.
 Caring for Communities: Children’s hospitals are health care providers for not only their
community, but for members of nearby communities, with 85 percent of children’s hospitals
serving as trauma centers. Miller Children’s acts as one of five pediatric trauma centers in
California, transporting more than 1,200 children and expectant mothers from surrounding
hospitals and communities each year.
 Rallying Research: Children’s hospitals are at the forefront of research, training,
education and advocacy for children across the nation. Research brings an opportunity to
understand complex diseases and disorders specific to children and helps extend a child’s lifespan,
allowing them to grow into adulthood – something that didn’t happen as often 20 years ago. By
pioneering new vaccines and treatments, training pediatricians and pediatric specialists, and using
the most sophisticated technology fit just for kids, Miller Children’s contributes to helping children
grow up healthy.
 Delivering Education & Raising Awareness: In addition to teaching and training
pediatric specialists, a large responsibility of children’s hospitals is to educate their community on
the variety of diseases, disorders and illnesses that effect children. Miller Children’s offers
educational classes, online resources and educational materials at community events and in the
hospital to help increase awareness on the chronic and complex issues that children face.

 GENERAL AIM

Children require extra time, monitoring, specialized medications and specially trained
health care providers who are compassionate and understand kids of all ages with provision to
institutions that champion health care practices and policies to continually improve pediatric
care, making it affordable and accountable. Children need health care focused on their unique
needs; care that involves parents from start to finish and is delivered in child-centric, healing
environments.
  INFLUENCE OF CHOICE OF DESIGN

Our urban town centers in Lagos for the past years has been discovered to have been growing
so rapidly that it so much calls for the care of the children in order to guide against haphazard
development most especially in concerned area which is referred to as a mega city and to solve
this problem in older to make Lagos a mega city as it is proclaimed. This is the cause for this
research or preferably what motivated me to carry out this research.

Pediatric facility design is not mere child’s play. Facilities designed for the care of young
patients must deliver the same messages of permanence, confidence and technical currency that
general acute care and ambulatory facilities strive to communicate, and they must do this in a non-
institutional manner that is playful but not trite. A big misconception about pediatric facility design
is that smaller patients need smaller spaces, “In fact, it means we need even greater spaces,”

There are many other factors that can influence the choice of design. The design process is
influenced by the community’s needs and requirements, the finances available, the timescale of
the build, any design changes that take place, the approvals of planning, the site access, existing
services and adjacent buildings, the design of the building, the materials used, land suitability,
topography, shape and site conditions, and the impact the building will have on the natural
environment.

 Topography: The design is influenced by the land topography. This influences the design
process as it affects how the building will be built and whether it can be on the plot of land. Before
a build is begun the land must be inspected too see if it is on a flood plain, if it is the build can be
postponed or cancelled because of the possibility of flooding the build. The water tables must be
acquired to see how deep the foundations can be dug and if there is a large amount of water in the
soil. Soil quality can also influence the design process as the soil might not be strong enough or
compact enough to hold a large weight of a building or keep the foundations stable
 Budget: The budget of the government can also influence the design process greatly as
this greatly effects how big build will be, it also affects the materials that can be used and the land
that it can be built on. Quotations can be made from taking information from past builds for the
same purpose and the same budget. If the design costs more than expected then it also influences
the design process, meaning that materials or size may need to be changes, starting the whole
process again, costing money and time.
 Sustainability: The sustainability of the design is also a large factor that affects the design
process. If the building is not environmentally friendly or if the building will not last very long,
then the design would need to be changed prolong the buildings lifespan and also to make the
building better for the environment. This affects the design process because in long term it may
cost the owners more to repair and improve the building as it deteriorates.
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

This paper is anchored on the concept of pediatric hospital. In the early history, traditional
medical doctors cared for patients of any age, including both the young and the old, with little
specialization. Some points throughout early history in relation to pediatrics are outlined in the
timeline below. 1552 BC: The Ebers Papyrus discussed many topics including breastfeeding, cure
for worms and treatment of ocular diseases. 400 BC: Hippocrates wrote about several issues
relating to pediatric health including asthma, cephalhematoma, clubfoot, diarrhea, hydrocephalus,
mumps, scrofula and worms. 100 AD: Soranus of Ephesus noted the fingernail test as a means to
check the fat content and quality of breast milk. 200 AD: Galen described cases of children with
ear discharge, pneumonia and intestinal prolapse. 990 AD: Avicenna wrote about health
conditions such as convulsions, meningitis, tetanus, umbilical abscess and worms.

In the middle age, The first pediatric hospital in the Western world is generally accepted
to be the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, the Hospital for Sick Children in English, which opened in
1802 in Paris. The hospital is famed for the care of patients only up to the age of 15 years. The
beginning of pediatric care centers in France then led to the spread to other countries throughout
Europe. Soon afterwards, other pediatric hospitals were opened in Germany, Russia, Austria,
Poland and England in the 19th century. The first hospital for children in the United States was
opened in Philadelphia in 1855. The Enfants-Trouvés, a Hospice for Found-Children in English,
was founded in 1964 in Paris, France. This was the first of a gradual transformation to separate
institutions intended for the care of children with illnesses, separated from adults in hospitals.
George Frederic Still was an instrumental physician from England who devoted his work to
pediatrics as a specialty. He wrote the textbook entitled Common Disorders and Diseases of
Children, which went on to guide the practice of many successive physicians who specialized in
pediatrics. Dr. Abraham Jacobi is considered to be the father of pediatrics in America. He was a
German pediatrician who came to New York in 1853 and formed several societies devoted to
pediatric health, as well as children’s departments in the hospitals of New York.
MODERN HISTORY: The field of pediatrics as we know it today in the United States originates
from the American Pediatric Society and American Academy of Pediatrics, which began in the
1930s. Although earlier research and recordings included information about children, pediatrics as
a separate specialty was distinguished later. Today, pediatrics as a specialty is certified and
regulated by the American Pediatric Society and American Academy of Pediatrics in the United
States, and similar bodies in other countries around the world. Pediatricians can now also study
and practice a subspecialty of pediatrics, which focuses on specific types of ailments and health
conditions in children. This progression began in the 20th century and more subspecialties
continue to be created as the interest and need in certain areas arises.

DEVELOPMENT ON BRIEF

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS OUTPATIENT FUNCTIONS

 Reception Consulting rooms

 General waiting areas Dressing rooms (for treatment)
 Medical Records Office Injection rooms
 Accounts Office/department Waiting areas for injection room
 Secretary’s Office Nurses station
 Medical Directors Office Physical/Occupational therapy rooms
 Director office (admin) Pharmacist office
 Deputy Director office (admin) Pharmacy
 Board Room Eye Clinic and Orthotics
 Doctor’s Lounge Dentistry
 Nurse’s Lounge Nutrition and Dietetics
 Social work office Oncology treatment centre

INPATIENT FUNCTIONS DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTIONS

 General wards Consulting room

 Private wards Nurses station for General ward Ultrasound room
  Nurses station for private ward Endoscopy room
 Family waiting lounge Mammography room
 Family resource center X-ray room
 Scrub up room CAT scanner room
 Operating theatre Simulator room
 Sterilizing room for theatre Magnetic resonance Imagery room
 Scrub up for theatre Radiologist offices
 Anesthetic room Laboratories
 Pediatric Intensive care unit (Pediatrics) Waiting area for laboratories
 New-born care units (Pediatrics) Storage for laboratories

TREATMENT FUNCTIONS EMERGENCY FUNCTIONS

 Radiation room/control room Emergency Observation room

 Dose planning room Emergency Observation room
 Radiotherapist’s office Emergency operating room
 Physician’s office Emergency scrub room
 Radiographer’s office Emergency nurse’s station
 Changing Room
 Rest rooms
 Waiting area
 Chemotherapy and infusion room

SERVICES FUNCTIONS RESEARCH FUNCTIONS

 Restaurant/ snacks area/ cafeteria Offices

 Kitchen Research Laboratories
 Kitchen store Library
 Laundry Storage
  Equipment store
 Mechanical/Electrical room
 Central store
 Maintenance office

TEACHING/TRAINING FUNCTIONS OTHER FUNCTIONS

 Library Play areas/rooms*Pediatrics

 Slide room Parks
 Seminar room Gym
 CHAPTER THREE

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDY ONE PHOENIX CHILDREN HOSPITAL

BUILDING PROFILE

HOSPITAL Phoenix Children Hospital

UNIT TYPE/SPECIALTY Pediatrics

PUBLIC/ADMINISTRATIVE 1. Retail Pharmacy 2. Servery/ Dining 3. Offices

4. Physician Offices

LEASE SPACE Roof Garden

DIAGONISTIC/ TREATMENT 1. R/F Ultrasound 2. NUC. Med 3. Cardio

diagnostic

1. Neuro Diagnostic 2. Blood Bank 3. Interventional

Services 4. PACU

BUILDING SERVICES Mechanical Plant room

DESIGN CONCEPT

To create an oasis that was visually connected to its surrounding landscape, also emulating
landscape and mountains. The hospital towers provide a stunning view from the patient rooms and
many public spaces such as corridors and waiting areas.

SPATIAL PROGRAMMING

 The planning of the campus is based on a north-south and east west axis to preserve ease
of navigation.
 The ambulatory and in-patient functions are located in one tower this decreases travel
distance between various parts of the facility and improves orientation.
 The facility provides visual access to the outside environment with vistas provided from
patient rooms and public spaces including elevators, play rooms and cafes, waiting areas
and corridors
 CASE STUDY TWO
BUILDING PROFILE
HOSPITAL
UNIT TYPE/SPECIALTY
OUTPATIENT-RELATED FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
BED-RELATED INPATIENT FUNCTIONS
RESEARCH AND TEACHING FUNCTIONS
NEMOUR’S CHILDREN HOSPITAL
Nemours’s children hospital
Pediatrics
Outpatient Clinics and inpatient rooms are
located in adjacent wings of the same floor,
with shared waiting spaces, enabling a
consistent care team to become familiar to
children and their families during clinic visits
and inpatient stays.
1.Logistic Center 2. Data Center
3. Consulting Rooms 4. Nurse Stations
5. Therapy and rehabilitation
1. The patient rooms are provided with
overnight accommodations for two parents.
2. The hospital have 95-inpatient beds and
76 exam rooms. Shell space can
accommodate another 32 beds and 24 exam
room
1. Auditorium 2 Learning Center
DESIGN CONCEPT

In an architectural language as powerful and timeless as its name suggests, the Nemours Children’s
Hospital transforms the physical landscape of central Florida and creates spaces capable of
transforming the inner language of a child as they experience the potentially difficult and
frightening journey to recovery and beyond.