BIOLOGY

BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE (MUMBAI)

Concept Booster MCQ Sheet – 8
CELL CYCLE & CELL DIVISION
1. Which type of cell cycle is referred to as equational division?
(a) Amitosis (b) Mitosis
(c) Meiosis (d) None of the above

2. At which phase of cell division the homologous chromosomes do move towards the opposite
poles?
(a) metaphase (b) telophase
(c) prophase (d) anaphase

3. The phragmoplast is organised at the

(a) beginning of anaphase (b) end of anaphase
(c) beginning of telophase (d) end of telophase

4. Colchicine prevents the mitosis of the cells at which of the following stage?
(a) anaphase (b) prophase
(c) metaphase (d) interphase

5. Colchicine arrests the spindle in which stage of cell cycle?

(a) Anaphase (b) Prophase
(c) Telophase (d) Interphase

6. Mitosis is the process by which eukaryotic cells

(a) grow (b) expose genes for protein synthesis
(c) multiply (d) become specialized in structure and function.

7. Which of the following statements (events) is/are correct for mitotic telophase?
(a) Arrival of chromosomes cluster at opposite poles and loss of their identity as discrete
elements
(b) Nuclear membrane assembles around each chromosomes clusters
(c) Nucleolus, GB and ER form
(d) All of the above

8. Spindle apparatus is formed during which stage of mitosis?

(a) prophase (b) anaphase
(c) metaphase (d) telophase

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9. I. Chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle poles and their identity is lost as discrete
elements.
II. Nuclear envelope assembles around the chromosome clusters.
III. Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform. Above features indicates which phase of mitosis.
(a) Anaphase (b) Telophase
(c) Cytokinesis (d) S-phase

10 ..... is also called migratory phase.

(a) Prophase (b) Metaphase
(c) Anaphase (d) Telophase

11. Colchicine is employed to diploidize a haploid cell as it

(a) inhibits mitosis (b) inhibits formation of mitotic spindle
(c) allows replication of DNA twice in one cell cycle
(d) inhibits formation of centromere

12. In animal cell, cytokinesis takes place by

(a) formation of cell plate (b) furrowing of plasma membrane
(c) either (a) or (b) (d) both (a) and (b)

13. Mitosis can be divided into

(a) Five stages (b) three stages
(c) Four stages (d) six stages

14. In mitosis, the duplication of chromosomes occurs during

(a) interphase (b) early prophase
(c) late prophase (d) late telophase.

15. In which stages of mitosis does cytokinesis occurs?

(a) Metaphase (b) Telophase
(c) Anaphase (d) None of these

16. During mitosis, ER and nucleolus begin to disappear at

(a) late prophase (b) early metaphase
(c) late metaphase (d) early prophase

17. The diploid somatic cell divides by

(a) mitosis and meiosis (b) meiosis only
(c) mitosis only (d) amitosis

18. Reappearance of nuclear membrane, disappearance of spindle fibres, formation of chromatin

network are the characters of

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 (a) prophase (b) telophase
(c) metaphase (d) anaphase

19. Chromosomes are visible with chromatids at this phase of mitosis

(a) interphase (b) prophase
(c) metaphase (d) anaphase.

20. Which stage of cell cycle initiates the condensation of chromosome?

(a) Anaphase (b) Metaphase
(c) Telophase (d) Prophase

21. Colchicine acts at which stage of mitosis?

(a) anaphase (b) metaphase
(c) prophase (d) interphase

22. The complete disintegration of nuclear envelope in a cell cycle shows the
(a) start of prophase of mitosis (b) start of metaphase of mitosis
(c) end of anaphase of mitosis (d) start of telophase of mitosis

23. Many cells function properly and divide mitotically even though they do not have
(a) plasma membrane (b) cytoskeleton
(c) mitochondria (d) plastids

24. 'XX' is a phase of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes.
During 'XX' phase, nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles forms at opposite ends of the
cell. Identify 'XX'.
(a) Interphase (b) Anaphase
(c) Telophase (d) Prophase

25. The term mitosis in a strict sense refers to

(a) both for nuclear and cytoplasmic division
(b) division of nucleus into two daughter nuclei
(c) division of cytoplasm of the cell
(d) division of nucleolus

26. During the metaphase stage of mitosis, spindle fibres attach to chromosomes at
(a) Centromere
(b) Kinetochore
(c) Both centromere and kinetochore
(d) Centromere, kinetochore and areas adjoining centromere

27. In which of the following stage of the cell cycle does the attachment of spindle fibres to
kinetochores of chromosomes occur?
(a) Prophase (b) Metaphase
(c) Anaphase (d) Telophase

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28. The centriole replicates during which stage of mitosis?
(a) interphase (b) early prophase
(c) late prophase (d) anaphase

29. The spindles are formed of

(a) chromosome (b) actin
(c) microtubules (d) myosin

30. If you are provided with root- tips of onion in your class and are asked to count the
chromosomes, which of the following stages can you most conveniently look into?
(a) metaphase (b) telophase
(c) anaphase (d) prophase

31. In which type of cell division does the nuclear membrane remain throughout the division?
(a) Amitosis (b) Mitosis
(c) Meiosis (d) Binary fission

32. Mitosis is marked by

(a) reduction division (b) equal division
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Absence of spindle formation

33. The shape of chromosome is clearly visible at

(a) prophase (b) anaphase
(c) metaphase (d) telophase

34. What is not seen during mitosis in somatic cells?

(a) Spindle fibres (b) Chromosome movement
(c) Disappearance of nucleolus (d) Synapsis

35. Best material for the study of mitosis in laboratory is

(a) anther (b) root tip
(c) leaf tip (d) ovary

36. The nucleus becomes spheroidal in shape during of the mitosis. Fill in the blank with an
appropriate option.
(a) early prophase (b) middle prophase
(c) late prophase (d) metaphase

37. There is no division of cytoplasm after mitosis, then the condition will be
(a) one cell one nuclei (b) one cell with two nuclei
(c) only one cell (d) one cell without nucleus

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38. Mitosis is a process by which eukaryotic cells
(a) grow (b) get specialised in structure
(c) multiply (d) expose the genes

39. Mitotic spindle is mainly composed of which protein?

(a) actin (b) myosin
(c) actomyosin (d) myoglobin

40. The morphology of chromosomes can be studied well in

(a) prophase (b) metaphase
(c) anaphase (d) telophase

41. How many mitotic divisions are needed for a single cell to make 128 cells?
(a) 28 (b) 32
(c) 7 (d) 14

42. The term "mitosis" was given by

(a) Fleming (b) Strasburger
(c) Remark (d) Moore

43. Which of the following represents the best stage to view the shape, size and number of
chromosomes?
(a) prophase (b) metaphase
(c) interphase (d) telophase

44. Which of the stage of mitosis are followed by the S and G 2 - phases of interphase?
(a) Prophase (b) Metaphase
(c) Anaphase (d) Telophase

45. In mitosis, the number of chromosome sets in daughter cells will be

(a) different from parent cells (b) half of the parent cell
(c) double of the parent cell (d) same as in parent cells

46 Cell division helps in regeneration of cells.

(a) Mitosis (b) Amitosis
(c) Meiosis (d) Karyokinesis

47. Number of chromatids at metaphase plate is

(a) two each in mitosis and meiosis I (b) two in mitosis and one in meiosis I
(c) two in mitosis and four in meiosis I (d) one in mitosis and two in meiosis I

48. Assertion (A) : Mitosis is important in the life of an organism, especially in the growth of a
multicellular organism. Reason (R) : Mitosis restores the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false

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 (d) Both A and Rare false

49. Mitotic anaphase differs from metaphase in possessing

(a) same number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids
(b) half number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids
(c) half number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids
(d) same number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids

50. Match the following columns.

Column I Column II
A. Chromosomes in matching pairs 1. metaphase plate
B. In mitosis, each 2. homologous chromosome
C. Precursor for 3. cell plate
cell wall formation that represents
the middle lamella between the
walls of two adjacent cells is called
D. The plane of 4. cell divides to given two daughter cells
alignment of the chromosomes at
metaphase is referred to as the
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 1 4 2 3
(d) 3 2 4 1

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 DETAILED ANSWERS

1.(b) Mitosis divides the parent cell into two identical daughter cells, each with a nucleus having
the same amount of DNA as the parent cell, the same number and kind of chromosomes
and the same hereditary instructions as the parent cell. This is why it is called as the
equational division.
2.(d) In anaphase-II of meiosis, the two cells, which have separated sister chromatids move
towards opposite poles. The centromeres divide first and the two chromatids of each
chromosome separate after that. At anaphase-I of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes
separate and separated chromosomes move towards pole.
3.(b) In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by cell plate formation. A number of elements called
phragmoplasts are derived from ER and Golgi body. These elements line up at equator
during end of anaphase and later fuse to form cell plate.
4.(c) Colchicine is obtained from the corm of the Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). It
inhibits the process of metaphase and also stops the formation of mitotic spindles as it
prevents assembly of microtubules. So, they are called mitotic poison. It does not prevent
chromosome replication and so exhibits doubling of chromosomes and the result is
polyploidy.
5.(a) Colchicine is an antimitotic drug (alkaloid) which is obtained from Colchicum (family-
Liliaceae). It binds to one tubulin molecule and prevents its polymerisation. The
depolymerisation of tubulin results in disappearance of mitotic spindle, blocking the cells
mitotic chromosomal division at metaphase and anaphase.
6.( c) Mitosis is a method of nuclear division which produces 2 daughter nuclei, usually identical
to each other and to the original parent nucleus. It is commonly accompanied by division
of cytoplasm (cytokinesis). It is the usual method of multiplication of somatic cells which
promotes growth, development and repair of multicellular organisms.
7.(d) Telophase is the opposite of prophase. In this phase, the cytoplasmic viscosity decreases
and the two chromosome groups reorganise themselves into nuclei. A nuclear envelope
appears outside the nucleoplasm collected in the area of chromatin. Spindle fibres
disappear around the poles and Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are reformed.
8.(a) Spindle apparatus is formed during the prophase stage of mitosis. Microtubule is involved
in the cell division. Microtubules are unbranched hollow sub microscopic tubules of protein
tubulin which develop on specific nucleating regions and can show quick growth
or dissolution at their ends by assembly or disassembly of monomers. Microtubules form
spindle during prophase of cell division. Centrioles help in cell division by forming spindle
poles or microtubules. In animal cells, microfilament collect in the middle region of the cell
below the cell membrane. They induce the cell membrane to invaginate. In plant
cells, cell plate is formed to separate the two daughter cells. Some of the spindle fibres
called interzonal microtubules are deposited around phragmoplast. Vesicles from Golgi
apparatus are deposited and returns on the phragmoplast to form a cell plate.
9.(b) Telophase is the reverse stage of prophase. During this phase, the cytoplasmic viscosity
decreases and the two chromosome groups reorganise themselves into nuclei. A nuclear
envelope appears outside the nucleoplasm collected in the area of chromatin. Spindle
fibres disappear around the poles and Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are
reformed.
10. (c)
11. (b) Colchicine is a mitotic poison which inhibits the formation of spindle fibres.
12. (b)

13.(c) Mitosis is divided into four stages A-Prophase, B-Metaphase, C-Anaphase, D- Telophase

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14.(a) The stage between two successive cell divisions is known as Interphase. In interphase,
chromosomes are not condensed and are distributed throughout the nucleus. It is the
largest period in the cell cycle and is divided into three phases - GI Sand G2. During
G1-phase (or post -mitotic phase) the cell grows and synthesis of RNA, ribosomes, enzymes
and proteins necessary for DNA synthesis occurs. During S-phase or synthetic phase the
replication of DNA occurs. For replication of DNA, histone proteins are required so they are
also synthesized during this phase. It takes about 30%-50% of the total cell cycle. The
nucleotides assemble together and DNA molecules are synthesized. During G2-phase (or
pre-mitotic phase) nucleolar RNA, ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA are all synthesised.
15.(b) Cytokinesis is considered to be the final part of telophase, however, it is a separate process
that begins at the same time as telophase. In telophase, new membranes form around the
daughter nuclei, when chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell. The chromosomes
disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibres disperse
and cytokinesis or the partitioning of the cell also starts during their stage.
16. (d) During mitosis, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus begins to disappear at early prophase.
Also, nucleus and cell become spherical and DNA molecules condense to form shortened
chromosome.
17.(c)
18. (b)
19.(c) Morphology of chromosomes can be easily counted and studied in Metaphase. The
distinctly visible chromosomes arrange themselves at the equatorial or metaphasic plate.
The centromeres are present at the equatorial plate while the arms are placed variously
according to their size and spiral arrangement. At prophase the chromosomes appear
thin and filamentous by forming a network. So they are not visible very clearly. At telophase
the chromosomes uncoil and lengthen and therefore are not clearly seen.
20.(d) Prophase initiates the condensation of chromosomal material. The chromosomal material
becomes untangled during the process of chromatin condensation. The completion of
prophase can thus be marked by the following characteristic events
(i) Chromosomal material condenses to form compact mitotic chromosomes.
Chromosomes are seen to be composed of two chromatids attached together at the
centromere.
(ii) Initiation of the assembly of mitotic spindle, the microtubules, the proteinaceous
components of the cell cytoplasm helps in the process.
21.(b) Colchicine is obtained from the corm of the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). It
inhibits the process of metaphase and also stops the formation of mitotic spindles as it
prevents assembly of microtubules. So, they are called mitotic poison. It does not prevent
chromosome replication and so exhibits doubling of chromosomes and the result is
polyploidy.
22.(b) The complete disintegration of the nuclear envelope shows the start of the second phase
of mitosis, i.e., metaphase. Hence the chromosomes are spread through the cytoplasm of
the cell. By this stage, condensation of chromosomes is completed and they can be
observed clearly under the microscope. This is the stage in which, morphology of
chromosomes is most easily studied. At this stage, metaphase chromosomes are made
up of two sister chromatids, which are held together by the centromere.
23.(d) Plastids are the unique feature of plant cells but animal cells lack them. Even then they
function properly and divide mitotically similar to plant cells.

24.(d) Prophase is generally identified by the initiation of condensation of chromosomal

material. The chromosomal material condenses to form chromosomes. The nuclear
envelope breaks down and spindles start to assemble at opposite ends of the cell.

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25.(b) Mitosis is also known as somatic division, in which division of vegetative cells occurs and
results into two daughter nuclei having same number of chromosomes. The continuity of
the chromosomal set is maintained by mitosis. Mitosis takes place in a series of consecutive
stages known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Cytoplasmic division
occurs afterwards which is known as cytokinesis.
26. (b) Kinetochores are small disc- shaped structures at the surface of the centromeres which
serve as the sites of attachment of spindle fibres to the chromosomes that are moved
into position at the centre of the cell. Hence, the metaphase is characterised by all the
chromosomes coming to lie at the equator.
27.(b) Metaphase plate is the plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase. During
metaphase, spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes. Chromosomes are
moved to spindle equator and get aligned along metaphase plate through spindle fibres to
both poles.
28.(a)
29. (c) The spindle are formed of microtubules.
30.(a) Chromosomes are most distinct in the metaphase stage. In the telophase stage, they regain
their coiled composition. In anaphase, the chromatids separate and move towards opposite
poles. In prophase stage, the chromosomes appear thread like and individual chromatids
cannot be seen. The centromeres are present at the equatorial plate while the arms are
placed variously according to their size and spiral arrangement.
31. (a)
32. (b) M-phase (mitosis) is the most significant period of cell cycle. It involves a major
reorganisation of virtually all components of the cell. Since, the number of chromosomes
in the parent and progeny cells is the same, it is also called as equal division.
33.( c ) Morphology of chromosomes can be counted and studied easily in Metaphase. The
distinctly visible chromosomes arrange themselves at the equatorial or metaphasic plate.
The centromeres are present at the equatorial plate while the arms are placed variously
according to their size and spiral arrangement. At prophase, the chromosomes appear
thin and filamentous by forming a network. So they are not visible very clearly. At
telophase, the chromosomes uncoil and lengthen and therefore are not clearly seen.
34.(d) Synapsis is the process in which pairing of homologous chromosomes takes place during
the zygotene stage of meiosis. Each pair is called a bivalent. One chromosome of the pair
comes from the male parent and other from the female parent. Each member of the
pair is of the same length, their centromeres are in the same position and they usually have
the same number of genes arranged in the same order.
35.(b) Mitosis occurs in both somatic cells as well as in germ cells of the gonads. Mitosis occurs in
the meristematic cells of root tip or shoot tip in plants. These cells divide at a faster rate.
So, the root tip show active cell division and are used in the lab for studying mitosis.
For studying meiosis young anthers are used.
36.(a) Prophase generally has three sub stages; early, middle and late. In early prophase, the
nucleus becomes spheroidal. Cytoplasmic viscosity increases and DNA condensation takes
place to form elongated chromosomes as a result of which the chromatin reticulum
disappears.
37.(b) Mitotic cell division involves karyokinesis (nuclear division) followed by cytokinesis
(cytoplasmic division). It involves the exact replication of parent cell followed by its division
into two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and carry same number of
chromosomes as in the parent cell. Thus, without cytokinesis one cell with two nuclei will
be formed.

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38.(c) Mitosis is a process by which eukaryotic cells multiply. In prokaryotes and unicellular
eukaryotic organisms, cell division is a method of multiplication but in multicellular
eukaryotic organism, it is a method of growth.
39.(c) A spindle offine fibres begins to develop during prophase. It consists of microtubules which
are made up of protein called tubulin and certain other associated proteins. These delicate
fibres radiate from the centriole and constitute aster. As actin and myosin are involved as
contractile machinery in many non-muscle cells so it can be considered as the
correct answer. Myoglobin is present in muscles which can bind to oxygen.
40.(b) In metaphase, the nuclear envelope disintegrates and the chromosomes are spread
through the cytoplasm of the cell. Condensation of chromosomes is completed and it can
be observed under the microscope. At this stage, the morphology as well as the
number of chromosomes can be easily studied.
41.(c) Mitosis is an equational division in which after division each cell produces two daughter
cells, therefore in case of mitosis, after 7 divisions one cell will give 128 cells.
42.(a) The term 'mitosis' was coined by Flemming.
43.(b) Morphology of chromosomes can be counted and studied easily in Metaphase.
44.(a) In the Sand G2-phases of interphase, the new DNA molecules formed are not distinct but
interwined. Prophase, is the first stage of mitosis which follows the S and G2-phases of
interphase.
45.(d) Mitosis is also referred to as somatic division, in which division of vegetative cells occurs
and results into two daughter nuclei having same number of chromosomes. The continuity
of the chromosomal set is maintained by mitosis. Mitosis takes place in a
series of consecutive stages known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Cytoplasmic division occurs afterwards which is known as cytokinesis.
46.(a) Mitosis helps in regeneration because it keeps all the somatic cells ofan organism
genetically similar, so that they are able to regenerate a part or whole of the organism.
47.(c) Chromatid is a half chromosome during duplication in early prophase and metaphase of
mitosis and between diplotene and the second metaphase of meiosis.
After these stages, separated chromatids are called as daughter chromosomes. In mitosis,
at metaphase each chromosome consists of two chromatids whereas in meiosis, at
metaphase I four chromatids can be seen at equator while at metaphase II two
chromatids (similar to mitosis) can be seen at equator.
48.(a) Mitosis results in the production of diploid daughter cells with identical genetic
complement. In multicellular organism, growth is due to mitosis. Cell growth results in
disturbing the ratio between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It therefore, becomes
essential for the cell to divide and to restore the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
49.(d) Mitotic anaphase can be distinguished from metaphase in possessing same number of
chromosomes and half number of chromatids. During anaphase of mitosis, chromosomes
divide at the point of centromere or kinetochore and thus two sister chromatids are
formed. During metaphase, chromosomes become maximally distinct due to further
contraction and thus size of chromosomes is measured at mitotic metaphase.
50. (a) A. Chromosomes in matching pairs are called homologous.
B. In mitosis, each chromosome is copied and cell divides to give two daughter cells.
C. Precursor for cell wall formation that represents the middle lamella between the walls
of two adjacent celis is called cell plate.
D. The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is referred to as the
metaphase plate.

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