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CHAPTER 4
The Horticulture
Industry
CHAPTER OUTCOMES
• Describe the plant sciences:
botany, agronomy, horticulture,
and forestry
• Compare and contrast edible
and ornamental horticulture
• Understand organic and
sustainable production of crops
LorenzoT/Shutterstock.com
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
CHAPTER OUTCOMES
• Discover sources for locally
grown food
• Describe the green industry
• Discuss the outlook for
horticulture careers and list
horticultural organizations
Gyuszko-Photo/Shutterstock.com
PLANT SCIENCE
Botany Agronomy Forestry Horticulture

Jubal Harshaw/Shutterstock.com; stoonn/Shutterstock.com; Krizek Vaclav/Shutterstock.com; hans engbers/Shutterstock.com
BOTANY
• Plant biology
• Career: botanist
• May work in private or
public sector
• Fields include education,
research, commercial
growing
Chandres
AGRONOMY
• Cultivate crops
• Food, fiber, fuel
• Career: agronomist
• Specialties
– Biotechnology
– Soil science
– Plant breeding
– Weed science
irisphoto1/Shutterstock.com
FORESTRY
• Plant, manage, restore, care
for forests
• Also referred to as
silviculture
• Career: forester
• Forest stands
• Tree plots
Eriks Z/Shutterstock.com
EDIBLE HORTICULTURE
• Edible horticulture
– Olericulture
– Pomology
– Viticulture
ugorya17/Shutterstock.com
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
• Ornamental horticulture
– Floriculture
– Nursery and landscape
– Interiorscaping
– Turfgrass management
Marcin Balcerzak/Shutterstock.com
OLERICULTURE
• Herbs
– Roots, stems, leaves
– Flavorings, foods, perfumes,
medicines
hatreec/Shutterstock.com
OLERICULTURE
• Vegetables
– Roots, stems, leaves,
flowers, or fruit
– All fruits are vegetables,
but not all vegetables are
fruits
©iStock.com/hydrangea100
Is a tomato a fruit or a
vegetable?
OLERICULTURE
• Vegetable growers
– Work outdoors
– Conditions vary
– Lead teams
– Good communicators
– Plant management
– Critical thinking
– Problem solving
hjschneider/Shutterstock.com
POMOLOGY
• Cultivate, process, store, and
market
• Career: pomologist
• Fruits
• Nuts
• Trees
• Brambles
oloei/Shutterstock.com
POMOLOGY
• Growing practices
– High-density orchards
– Increased yields
– Earlier harvests
– Quality fruit
• Growers
– Physically fit
– Manage crops
Franck Boston/Shutterstock.com
– Lead workers
VITICULTURE
• Also called viniculture
• Career: viticulturist
• Career: enologist
• Cultivate grapes
• Prune vines
• Fertilize soils
• Manage pests
mythja/Shutterstock.com
VITICULTURE
• Grape cultivation
– 7 million tons in the
United States
– 90% from CA
– Other states: MI, NY,
VA, PA, and AR
Anton Foltin/Shutterstock.com
VITICULTURISTS
• College degree
• Work outdoors
• Lead teams
• Critical thinking
• Problem solving
Gyuszko-Photo/Shutterstock.com
FLORICULTURE
• Ornamental horticulture
• Careers
– Buyer
– Grower
– Floral designer
– Florist
– Interiorscape designer
– Product developer
– Wholesaler
– Broker
Be Good/Shutterstock.com
– Greenhouse owner
FLORICULTURE
• Bedding plants
• Houseplants
• Potted plants
• Container plants
• Cut flowers
• Foliage
• Seasonal and holiday
demand
Iskography/Shutterstock.com
NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY
• Nursery Growers
– Outdoor settings
– Greenhouses or shade houses
– Propagation
– Cultivation
– Market preparation
– Manages workers
– Lifting and moving
– Recordkeeping
• Nursery
– Grown in fields,
greenhouses, or shadehouses
– Trees
– Shrubs
– Ground cover
– Vines
– Perennials
Rigucci/Shutterstock.com
Balled-and- Bare root (BR) Pot-in-pot (PNP)

burlapped (B&B)
serato/Shutterstock.com; Swellphotography/Shutterstock.com; USDA
• Landscaping careers
– Landscape architect/designer
– Landscape manager
– Irrigation technician
– Hardscape contractor
– Water feature designer
– Snow removal contractor
– Landscape lighting contractor
Joe Dejvice/Shutterstock.com
INTERIORSCAPING
• Career: interiorscaper
• Interiorscaping
– Indoor landscapes
– Homes
– Businesses
– Classrooms
– Hospitals
What are the benefits of
Yuko Frazier/Ambius
interiorscapes?
TURFGRASS INDUSTRY
• Lawn grasses
– Homes
– Commercial sites
– Athletic fields
– Golf courses
• Sod farms
fotocraft/Shutterstock.com
TURFGRASS INDUSTRY
• Athletic fields
– Heavy traffic
– Quick recovery
• Golf courses
– Insect resistance
– Disease resistance
– Salinity tolerance
– Heat/foot/cart traffic tolerance
cappi thompson/Shutterstock.com
– Intense maintenance
TURFGRASS INDUSTRY
• Sod growers
– Grow turfgrass
– Use heavy machinery
– Understand cultivation
– Harvest turfgrasses
– Lift weights ≥ 50 lb
– College degree in
turfgrass
Ingrid Balabanova/Shutterstock.com
COMBINING EDIBLE AND
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
• Edible plants
– Mixed containers
– Planting beds
– Landscape borders
– With flowers and
ornamental grasses
Nancy Bauer/Shutterstock.com
ORGANIC EDIBLES
• Biological pest control vs. chemical
• No genetic modifications
Did You Know?
• USDA certification The United States
Department of Agriculture
• No chemical food additives (USDA) says that the organic
label does not guarantee
• No industrial solvents greater safety, health,
quality, or nutritional value
• No irradiation for organic foods. The label
only ensures that the food
• 10%-40% higher cost was grown organically
• More labor intensive according to USDA
standards.
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
• Pest management
– Integrated pest
management (IPM)
• Soil nutrition and
conservation
– Crop rotation
– Cover crops
– No-till farming
Frederico Rostagno/Shutterstock.com
EATING LOCAL
• Harvesting
• Locavores
• Farmer’s markets
Arina P Habich/Shutterstock.com
COMMUNITY SUPPORTED
AGRICULTURE (CSA)
• Farmer sells “shares”
• Beneficial to farmer
• Beneficial to consumer
• Risk to consumer
• Crop insurance for farmer
Daxiao Productions/Shutterstock.com
PLANTS IN THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Biological and environmental impact
– Food source
– Add nutrients to soil
– Control erosion
– Oxygen
– Sequester carbon
– Shade
– Evapotranspiration
THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Aesthetic impacts
– Green spaces
• Mental health
– Improve fatigue and help focus
– Develop emotional, cognitive,
and behavioral connections in
children
– Encourage creativity and
intellectual development
tommaso79/Shutterstock.com
THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Economic impact
– Billions of dollars contributed through annual
revenue to the US economy
– More than one million employees throughout the
United States
– Fastest growing segment of the national
agriculture economy
FUTURE OF THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Ecofriendly and sustainable landscaping
– Water-wise plants
– Edibles in landscaping
– Rainwater harvest
– Sustainable landscapes
– Integrated pest management
– Organic
– Technology
– Green spaces
HORTICULTURE ORGANIZATIONS
• American Horticulture Society
• American Society of Horticulture Science
• International Society of Horticulture Science
• National Association of Landscape Professionals
(NALP)
• AmericanHort
GREEN INDUSTRY CAREERS
• Arborists • Lawn and garden
• Compost, soil, and departments
media producers • Lawn care services
• Landscape and • Masons
garden suppliers
• Public gardens
• Landscape
architects/designers • Sod growers
• Landscape equipment • Urban foresters
suppliers • Wholesale and retail
• Landscape managers nurseries

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CHAPTER 4

Botany Agronomy Forestry Horticulture

Balled-and- Bare root (BR) Pot-in-pot (PNP)

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