Culture

a : the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts
and depends upon the human capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding
generations

b : the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

Society
a : an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized
patterns of relationships through interaction with one another

b : a community, nation, or broad grouping of people having common traditions, institutions,

and collective activities and interests

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Planning Lecture
 Ancient Planning
Cities are not simply made up of buildings; rather, they are ordered spaces in which roads, fortification
walls, houses, government buildings, monuments, churches and temples are related to create a whole.
All societies relate these elements in some formalized way, the most common of which is called city
planning.

A.Early Greek Planning

1. No evidence of planned communities at an early date, although some point to the Mycenaean
megaron as the basic idea behind all ancient urban planning (this is probably an overstatement).
2. As with early Mesopotamian cities, planning of some sort was apparently first connected with
religious sanctuaries.
a. In part this may have had to do with the "liturgical/ceremonian" aspect of religious sites: processions
toward the complex.
b. It may have to do with the fact that buildings in religious sanctuaries were seen as related structures
and these were controlled by a single body of individuals.
c. This may also have had to do with the great Pan-Hellenic sanctuaries (Olympia, Delphi, Isthmia,
Nemea) that were controlled by individual powers and that were developed in large part to
demonstrate certain ideas--largely political power.

http://isthmia.osu.edu/teg/hist50402/lec08.htm 11.11.11 (Ohio State of University)

Planning Lecture
 Ancient Planning

3. Smyrna

a.Hippodamos (Hippodamus) is usually seen as responsible for "inventing" orthogonal planning, yet
some elements existed earlier.
Ancient Greek Architect, Urban Planner, Physician, Mathematician, Meteorologist, and Philosopher, and is considered to be the “father” of URBAN PLANNING

b. The example of Smyrna, which was rebuilt after a great fire in the 7th century B.C.

c. The rebuilt city had a series of parallel streets running north and south; at one point there was an
open space laid out for the agora and near it, on a hill, was a temple.

d. This scheme was a simple one, but it represents a definite plan, applied to the larger urban area and
based on the natural topography.

http://isthmia.osu.edu/teg/hist50402/lec08.htm 11.11.11 (Ohio State of University)

Planning Lecture
 Ancient Planning
4. Importance of the Greek colonies.

a. Colonies were independent cities "sent out" by states in the

Greek "motherland" in the 8th to 5th centuries.
b. These were not like colonies in the early modern world
(American colonies, etc.)--most importantly they were totally
independent in the political sense.
c. Colonies established on the shores of the Black Sea, southern
Italy and Sicily, and southern France and Spain.
d. There is little evidence of what these early cities looked like, but
the creation of the colonies presented an opportunity -- or even
the necessity -- to consider how a city should be laid out.
e. It would be natural to use simple systems of road layout and
division of house-plots and monuments.
f. Land (i.e., farms) was also normally divided since the citizens of
the new city would normally be given farms in the new colonies.

http://isthmia.osu.edu/teg/hist50402/lec08.htm 11.11.11 (Ohio State of University)

Planning Lecture
 Ancient Planning
4. . The "principles" of Hippodamian planning.

a.It is not certain what role Hippodamos actually played in

this development: he may have been a "codifier," who took
the ideas of others and wrote about them in a theoretical
way, saying how cities should be laid out.

b. The primary characteristic was the orthogonal plan

("gridiron" plan, with streets at right angles), adapted to
function and topography (i.e., not mechanically applied).

c. Regular housing blocks.

d. Large areas set aside for public use: temples, theaters,

offices, commercial centers.

e. Wide arterial avenues.

f. Walls that enclose the city, but are not necessarily related
to the plan.
http://isthmia.osu.edu/teg/hist50402/lec08.htm 11.11.11 (Ohio State of University)

Planning Lecture
 Ancient Planning
B. Early Roman Planning

a. City planning were schemed for both civil

convenience and military defense
b. Use of rectilinear grid streets and wrapped in
a wall for defense
c. Settlements were places in rivers or bodies
of water for domestic use, sewage and
transportation purposes
d. All roads are equal in width and length,
except for 2 main roads with is slightly wider
than the rest. East – west and north to south
which intersects in the middle to form the
center of the grid
e. Bridges were constructed where needed so
as arch.
f. Each Squares marked by four roads was
called an insula, the roman equivalent of a
modern City Block

Planning Lecture
 Ancient Planning

Planning Lecture
 Colonial Philippines

Planning Lecture
 RA 9266– Architecture Act of 2004
Article I, Section 3, Definition of Terms
- (1) "Architecture" is the art, science or profession of planning, designing
and constructing buildings in their totality taking into account their
environment, in accordance with the principles of utility, strength and
beauty;

- (3) "General Practice of Architecture" means the act of planning and

architectural designing, structural conceptualization, specifying,
supervising and giving general administration and responsible direction to
the erection, enlargement or alterations of buildings and building
environments and architectural design in engineering structures or any
part thereof; ……………

Planning Lecture
 RA 9266– Architecture Act of 2004
Article I, Section 3, Definition of Terms
- (4) "Scope of the Practice of Architecture" encompasses the provision of
professional services in connection with site, physical and planning and
the design, construction, enlargement, conservation, renovation,
remodeling, restoration or alteration of a building or group of buildings.
Services may include, but are not limited to:

- (a) planning, architectural designing and structural conceptualization;

- (b) consultation, consultancy, giving oral or written advice and directions,

conferences, evaluations, investigations, quality surveys, appraisals and
adjustments, architectural and operational planning, site analysis and
other pre-design services;

Planning Lecture
 RA 9266– Architecture Act of 2004
Article I, Section 3, Definition of Terms
- (f) construction and project management, giving general management,
administration, supervision, coordination and responsible direction or the
planning, architectural designing, construction, reconstruction, erection,
enlargement or demolition, renovation, repair, orderly removal,
remodeling, alteration, preservation or restoration of buildings or
structures or complex buildings, including all their components, sites and
environs, intended for private or public use;

- (g) the planning, architectural lay-outing and utilization of spaces within

and surrounding such buildings or structures, housing design and
community architecture, architectural interiors and space planning,
architectural detailing, architectural lighting, acoustics, architectural lay-
outing of mechanical, electrical, electronic, sanitary, plumbing,
communications and other utility systems, equipment and fixtures;

Planning Lecture
 URBAN PLANNING

Urban planning (urban, city, and town planning) is a technical and political process concerned
with the control of the use of land and design of the urban environment, including transportation
networks, to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. It
concerns itself with research and analysis, strategic thinking, urban design, public consultation,
policy recommendations, implementation and management.
A plan can take a variety of forms including: strategic plans, comprehensive plans,
neighborhood plans, regulatory and incentive strategies, or historic preservation plans.
Planners are often also responsible for enforcing the chosen policies.
The modern origins of urban planning lie in the movement for urban reform that arose as a
reaction against the disorder of the industrial city in the mid-19th century. Urban planning can
include urban renewal, by adapting urban planning methods to existing cities suffering from
decline. In the late-20th century the term sustainable development has come to represent an
ideal outcome in the sum of all planning goals.[2]

Urban Planning – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 URBAN PLANNING

List of urban planners chronological by initial year of plan.

c. 332 BC Dinocrates - Alexandria, Egypt
c. 408 BC Hippodamus - Peiraeus, Thurii, Rhodes
1666 Christopher Wren - London
1791 Peter Charles L'Enfant and Andrew Ellicott - Washington, DC
1882 Arturo Soria y Mata - the Ciudad Lineal, Madrid
1898 Ebenezer Howard - Garden City
1909 Daniel Burnham - Chicago, Illinois Manila, Philippines, Baguio City, Philippines
1912 Walter Burley Griffin - Canberra
1935 Frank Lloyd Wright - Broadacre City (concept)
1950 Le Corbusier - Chandigarh, India
1957 Lucio Costa - Brasília, Brazil
1960 Konstantinos Doxiadis - Islamabad, Pakistan
1984 Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk - Seaside, Florida

Urban Planning – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 What is Planning ?

Planning, also called urban planning or city and regional planning, is a dynamic profession that
works to improve the welfare of people and their communities by creating more convenient,
equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive places for present and future generations.

Planning enables civic leaders, businesses, and citizens to play a meaningful role in creating
communities that enrich people's lives.

Good planning helps create communities that offer better choices for where and how people live.
Planning helps communities to envision their future. It helps them find the right balance of new
development and essential services, environmental protection, and innovative change.

http://www.planning.org 11.08.11

Planning Lecture
 What do Planners do?
Professional planners help create a broad vision for the community. They also research, design,
and develop programs; lead public processes; effect social change; perform technical analyses;
manage; and educate. Some planners focus on just some of these roles, such as transportation
planning, but most will work at many kinds of planning throughout their careers.

The basic element is the creation of a plan. Planners develop a plan through analysis of data and
identification of goals for the community or the project. Planners help the community and its
various groups identify their goals and form a particular vision.

In the creation of a plan, planners identify the strategies by which the community can reach its
goals and vision. Planners are also responsible for the implementation or enforcement of many of
the strategies, often coordinating the work of many groups of people. It is important to recognize
that a plan can take a variety of forms including: policy recommendations, community action
plans, comprehensive plans, neighborhood plans, regulatory and incentive strategies, or historic
preservation plans.

Other examples of plans include: redevelopment plans, smart growth strategies, economic
development strategic plans, site plans, and disaster preparedness plans. http://www.planning.org 11.08.11

Planning Lecture
 What Specializations Are
Common
in the Planning Profession?

• Community Development
• Land Use & Code Enforcement
• Transportation Planning
• Environmental/Natural Resources Planning
• Economic Development
• Urban Design
• Planning Management/Finance
• Housing
• Parks & Recreation
• Historic Preservation
• Community Activism/Empowerment

http://www.planning.org 11.08.11

Planning Lecture
 What do Planners do?

•Knowledge of urban spatial structure or physical design and the way in which cities work.
•Ability to analyze demographic information to discern trends in population, employment, and
health.
•Knowledge of plan-making and project evaluation.
•Mastery of techniques for involving a wide range of people in making decisions.
•Understanding of local, state, and federal government programs and processes.
•Understanding of the social and environmental impact of planning decisions on communities.
•Ability to work with the public and articulate planning issues to a wide variety of audiences.
•Ability to function as a mediator or facilitator when community interests conflict.
•Understanding of the legal foundation for land use regulation.
•Understanding of the interaction among the economy, transportation, health and human
services, and land-use regulation.
•Ability to solve problems using a balance of technical competence, creativity, and hardheaded
pragmatism.
•Ability to envision alternatives to the physical and social environments in which we live.
•Mastery of geographic information systems and office software.
http://www.planning.org 11.08.11

Planning Lecture
 WHAT PLANNING DOES?

Planning involves twin activities - the management of the competing uses for space,
and the making of places that are valued and have identity.

These activities focus on the location and quality of social, economic and
environmental change. In setting out its vision for planning, RTPI uses the term spatial
planning to encompass these.

Spatial planning operates at all the different possible scales of activity, from large-scale
national or regional strategies to the more localised design and organisation of towns,
villages and neighbourhoods.

http://www.rtpi.org.uk 11 08 11

Planning Lecture
 PLANNING TOPICS
•Climate Change
•Community Engagement
•Design
•Development Management and
Enforcement
•Environmental Assessment /
Sustainability Appraisal
•Enterprise
•Finance and Viability
•Green Infrastructure
•Health
•Heritage
•Housing
•Infrastructure
•Minerals and Waste
•Planning Policy
•Regeneration
•Rural
•Social Infrastructure
•Water and Marine
http://www.rtpi.org.uk 11 08 11

Planning Lecture
 PD 1308 – Environmental Planning
- refers to activities concerned with the management, and
development of Land, as well as the preservation,
conservation, rehabilitation of the human
environment
- EnP. Environmental Planners
- refers to the person engaged in the practice of
environmental planning and duly registered with the
Board of Environmental Planning.

Planning Lecture
 Scope of Practices
1. professional services in the form of technical consultation, plan
preparation, and /or implementation of the following:
a. National, Regional, or Local Development (community, town, city)
b. Comprehensive Land Use Plans, Zoning, Ordinances, Codes,
Legal issuance of Management and Development, Preservation,
Conservation, Rehabilitation, Regulation, and control of the
Environment, including water resources.
c. Development, Conservation, Redevelopment, and Revitalization
of Barangay, Municipality, City, Province, Region or any portion or
combination thereof and
d. Development of a site for a particular need, such as economic, or
ecological zones, or agriculture, fishery, forest or tourism
development zones, housing, other estate development
projects, and spatial arrangement of buildings, utilities, and
communications

Planning Lecture
 Scope of Practices
2. Preparing the following studies

a. Pre-feasibility, feasibility and other related concerns;

b. Environmental Assessment; and
c. Institutional, administrative, or legal system;

1. Teaching, lecturing, or reviewing any professorial subject included

in the curriculum and the licensure examinations for environmental
planning; and
2. Serving as expert witness, resource person, lecturer, juror or
arbitrator in hearings, and other public fora.

Planning Lecture
 Professional Practice
- What are the planning fields for you?

- What can you offer in the practice of

planning?
- As an architect –planner what role
can you portray in the environment?

- Are you ready to become the master of

the larger domain, the environment?

Planning Lecture
 Actual Practice
a. MAURP Education – post graduate planning course
b. Licensure and Professional Organization (PIEP)
c. Projects

Statistics
a. as Planning Coordinator, as Consultants, as urban planners
b. 79 Provinces, 136 Cities, 1495 Municipalities
c. Licensed Environmental Planners

3500+
Planning Lecture
 Architects
a. Micro Level of Expertise, Minute Details
b. Extractive End Use of Practice
c. Buildings, Structure, Iconic signature

Environmental Planners
a. Macro Level Approach – Multi Disciplinary in Nature
b. Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation
c. Master Plan, Sound Community, Model Society

Or be both

Architect – Environmental Planner

Planning Lecture
 Planning Theories and Studies

Planning Lecture
 URBAN DESIGN
Urban design deals with the creation of the physical public realm of human
settlements within the public realm of decision-making. The objective in the
opening chapter is thus not only with giving a broad definition to urban design
but also with coming to some understanding of the nature of the public realm of
the physical fabric of cities and the public realm of decision-making.
certain ideas--largely political power.

is the collective term used to describe the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and
villages.
Whereas architecture focuses on individual buildings, urban design address the larger scale of
groups of buildings, of streets and public spaces, whole neighbourhoods and districts, and
entire cities, to make urban areas functional, attractive and sustainable.

Urban design is an inter-disciplinery subject, that unites all the built environment professions,
including urban planning, landscape architecture, architecture, civil and municipal engineering.
It is common for professionals in all these disciplines to practice in urban design. In more
recent times different strands of urban design have emerged such as landscape urbanism.

http://www.planetizen.com/node/40394 Urban Design – A typology of Procedures and Products

Planning Lecture
 URBAN DESIGN

Planning Lecture
 URBAN DESIGN

http://www.planetizen.com/node/40394

Planning Lecture
 URBAN DESIGN

http://www.planetizen.com/node/40394

Planning Lecture
 URBAN DESIGN

http://www.planetizen.com/node/40394

Planning Lecture
 URBANISM
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of towns and cities interact with the built
environment. Urbanism focuses on the geography,economy, politics and social
characteristics of the urban environment, as well as the effects on, and caused by, the built
environment.
Currently many architects, planners, and sociologists (like Louis Wirth) investigate the way
people live in densely populated urban areas from many perspectives including a sociological
perspective. To arrive to an adequate conception of 'urbanism as a mode of life' Wirth says it is
necessary to stop 'identify[ing] urbanism with the physical entity of the city' , go 'beyond an
arbitrary boundary line' and consider how 'technological developments in transportation and
communication have enormously extended the urban mode of living beyond the confines of the
city itself.'
In contemporary urbanism, also known as urban design in many parts of the world, there are as
many different ways of framing the practice as there are cities in the world. According to
American architect and planner Jonathan Barnett the approach of defining all the different
‘urbanisms’ in the world is an endless one

Urbanism – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 URBANISM

designingfortomorrow.org

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

is an urban design movement which promotes walkable neighborhoods that contain a range
of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually
continued to reform many aspects of real estate development, urban planning, and
municipal land-use strategies.
New Urbanism is strongly influenced by urban design standards that were prominent until the
rise of the automobile in the mid-20th century; it encompasses principles such as traditional
neighborhood design (TND) and transit-oriented development (TOD).[1] It is also closely related
to regionalism, environmentalism and the broader concept of smart growth.

New Urbanism – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

jameshardie.com

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

skyscrapercity.com

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

skyscrapercity.com

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

skyscrapercity.com

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

skyscrapercity.com

Planning Lecture
 New Urbanism

skyscrapercity.com

Planning Lecture
 Urban Decay
Urban decay (also known as urban rot and urban blight) is the process whereby a previously
functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude. It may feature
deindustrialization, depopulation or changing population, economic restructuring, abandoned
buildings, high local unemployment, fragmented families, political disenfranchisement, crime,
and a desolate, inhospitable city landscape.

Green Urbanism
Green urbanism has been defined as the practice of creating communities[1] beneficial to
human and the environment. According to Beatley[2] It is an attempt to shape more sustainable
places, communities and lifestyles.[3] and consume 75percent of the world’s
resources.[4][5] Green urbanism is interdisciplinary, combining the collaboration of landscape
architects, engineers, urban planners, ecologists, transport planners, physicists, psychologists,
sociologists, economists and other specialists in addition to architects and urban designers.

Urban decay, Green urbanism – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 Urban Decay

http://manila.olx.com.ph

Planning Lecture
 Urban Decay

skyscrapercity.com

Planning Lecture
 Urban Decay

http://noelmaurer.typepad.com

Planning Lecture
 Green Urbanism
Green urbanism has been defined as the practice of creating communities[1] beneficial to
human and the environment. According to Beatley[2] It is an attempt to shape more sustainable
places, communities and lifestyles.[3] and consume 75percent of the world’s
resources.[4][5] Green urbanism is interdisciplinary, combining the collaboration of landscape
architects, engineers, urban planners, ecologists, transport planners, physicists, psychologists,
sociologists, economists and other specialists in addition to architects and urban designers.

Urban decay, Green urbanism – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 Green Urbanism

SONGDO, SOUTH KOREA

all-top-interior-design.blogspot.com/

Planning Lecture
 Green Urbanism

Zorlu Ecocity in Turkey

- Ken Yeang

urbangreens.tumblr.com

Planning Lecture
 Green Urbanism

shocwav.blogspot.com

Planning Lecture
 Unified settlement planning

Unified Settlement Planning (USP) is the component of regional planning where a unified
approach is applied for a region's overall development.
Various regions have varied land use e.g. agricultural, industrial, institutional. For society to
develop, it has to amalgamate and develop all kind of settlements, namely: agricultural,
industrial, and institutional. Their coexistence is the basis for a holistic development of any
society.
Unified settlement planning is a contemporary approach for the bulk requirement of urban
amenities, for the vast regions of the developing countries with uniformly distributed human
settlement patterns. The approach is gaining importance in India, primarily due to the difficulties
posed by the high density of existing rural settlements, in implementing the conventional plans
with contiguous urban zones, around the existing cities. The approach utilizes the advantages
of the uniformly distributed human settlement patterns and avoids the difficulties caused by the
dense network of roads and villages, all over the regions. Unified settlement planning caters to
the holistic development of the entire region, without much disturbance to its existing villages,
farmland water bodies and the forests.[1]

Unified Settlement Planning – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 REGIONAL PLANNING
Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land use activities, infrastructure, and
settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town. The related field
of urban planning deals with the specific issues of city planning. Both concepts are
encapsulated in spatial planning using a eurocentric definition.

Principles
Specific interventions and solutions will depend entirely on the needs of each region in each
country, but generally speaking, regional planning at the macro level will seek to:
Resist development in flood plains or along earthquake faults. These areas may be utilised as
parks, or unimproved farmland.
Designate transportation corridors using hubs and spokes and considering major new
infrastructure
Some thought into the various ‘role’s settlements in the region may play, for example some may
be administrative, with others based upon manufacturing or transport.
Consider designating essential nuisance land uses locations, including waste disposal.
Designate Green belt land or similar to resist settlement amalgamation and protect the
environment.
Set regional level ‘policy’ and zoning which encourages a mix of housing values and
communities.
Consider building codes, zoning laws and policies that encourage the best use of the land.
Regional Planning – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 Greenbelt

A green belt or greenbelt is a policy and land use designation used in land use planning to
retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural landsurrounding or neighbouring urban
areas. Similar concepts are greenways orgreen wedges which have a linear character and
may run through an urban area instead of around it. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line
encircling a certain area, preventing development of the area allowing wildlife to return and be
established.

Greenbelt – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture
 Greenbelt
Purposes
In those countries which have them, the stated objectives of green belt policy are to:
Protect natural or semi-natural environments;
Improve air quality within urban areas;
Ensure that urban dwellers have access to countryside, with consequent educational and
recreational opportunities; and
Protect the unique character of rural communities that might otherwise be absorbed by
expanding suburbs.
The green belt has many benefits for people:
Walking, camping, and biking areas close to the cities and towns.
Contiguous habitat network for wild plants, animals and wildlife.
Cleaner air and water
Better land use of areas within the bordering cities.
The effectiveness of green belts differs depending on location and country. They can often be
eroded by urban rural fringe uses and sometimes, development 'jumps' over the green belt
area, resulting in the creation of "satellite towns" which, although separated from the city by
green belt, function more like suburbs than independent communities.

Greenbelt – Wikipedia

Planning Lecture