EASY GRAMMAR FOR YOU

Easy Grammar for you

PREAPRED BY EDWIN

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ALPHABETS

There are 26 Alphabets in English

5 Vowels - 21 Consonants

WORD

Word is a group of letters having proper meaning is called word.

Ex. UNG - GUN

There are 3 types of words.

They are:

1. ANTONYMS - Any Opp. words

Ex. Good x Bad

Beautiful x Ugly
God x Satan (devil)

2. SYNONYMS - Same meaning but different words

Ex. Beautiful - Pretty - Fair

Old - Ancient - Antique

3. HOMONYMS - Confusing Words - Same pronunciation but diff. words.

Ex. Week - Weak

Diary - Dairy
Meet - Meat

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 SENTENCE

Sentence is a group of words which is systematically arranged.

There are 3 major types of sentence

Positive - I am Edwin

Negative - I am not Edwin

Interrogative - Am i not Edwin?.

There are 4 types of Sentence.

They are

1. Assertive Sentence : Simple Sentence / Easy sentences

Ex: I am going, Radha is writing.

2. Interrogative Sentence : Any question or Any type of question

Ex: am I going?
Is Radha writing?

3. Imperative Sentence : which tells us about Shock, Surprise, Joy, &

wonder.

Ex. You must drink water.

You must obey the traffic rules.
You should drink apple juice

4. Exclamatory Sentence : which expresses, joy, shock or surprise

Ex. Oh! my god I broke it

Vow! what a beautiful flower
Alas! what a pity
Hi dude! I never expected you here.
Oh! I broke it

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 9 PARTS OF SPEECH

1. NOUN:- Naming word of place, person, animal and things

1. Proper Noun: The word itself indicates it is a part5icular or proper or

exact name of person things animals and places

Eg: Geetha, Delhi, Computer, Cat

2. Common Noun: Commonly called names

Eg: Boys, Place, Sister, Brother.

3. Collective Noun: Name given to group of people things also

Eg: Army, Soldiers, Students, Doctor

4. Abstract Noun: It tells the quality of a person, place, animal or thing

Eg: Time, honesty, truthfulness, kindness, wisdom, poverty,

honesty, lengthy

5. Material Noun: Non-ling things

Eg:- wood, water, scooter, dolls, rice and sugar

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2. PRONOUN: A word used to avoid the repetition of noun

Ex: Jessy is my sister

She is very sweet
She is a brilliant student
Radha - She, Edwin- he, chair-it, India-Our.

Ist Person IInd Person IIIPerson

I You He
My your she
Me Yours it
Our Its
My They
Ours Her
Me His
Us Hers
Mine Them
Him

Pronouns
This S Near This is my house - That S far That is my house - These P near These are my
children, Everybody, few, Somebody all

Activities
(18th) What is pronoun for this?
Yesterday, today, tomorrow

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 PREPOSITION

Preposition of Time:- at, on, in, by, for, since, to, from

At:- Definite point of time

Ex:- The Puja begins at 6 P.M

The T.V news will begin at 7 pm

On:- It is used for days and dates(Shorter periods)

Ex:- I have to go to class on Monday

You should write the test on 2nd of this month
I will give the test on 6th of Feb

In:- It is used for weeks, months, year, century (parts of the day) (longer
period/duration)

Ex:- I will meet you in the second week of Feb(week)

The exam starts in April (month)
We got freedom in 1947 (year)
We are living on 21st Century

It is used for longer area, big city, sometimes put for houses and
villages
I workout in the morning
You can have juice in the evening

BY:- Refers to future time and denotes the latest time at which an action will be
taking place by objects

Ex:- By 6pm, By tomorrow, by bus

You must pay the fees by tomorrow

He should attended the interview by 5.30PM

FOR:- It is used to show duration of time,

FOR:- We use for + a period of time to say how long something goes on
Ex.

Ex: for two hours for a week, for a year

Ex:- For 2 hours, for 1/2 day
I was working in England since 2007 for 2 years
I was painting for 5 hours, for a long time

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 Since:- It is used to speak about an action when it began and continued tioll the
time of speaking
since 1 hour+1 hour= 2 hours

Ex:- I am waiting since 1'o clock for 2 hours

I am living in this house since 2007
Since morning,
Since two days.

FROM: It is used for starting of time and end time

Ex:- From 9 to 11 AM
From 2 to 5 PM

Some more Examples:

I haven't ridden a bicycle since I was a boy
I have been living in this house for three years
I have not been able to read a single book since I got this job
Where have you been? I have been waiting for a year
Are you going for the weekend
It rained for 3 days without stopping
We watched television for 2 hours last night
Victoria is going away for a week in Sept.

Preposition of Place : At, in

At is used for smaller areas

In in used for larger areas

Ex – At my kitchen
At my room
At my bed room

In India
In America

Preposition of Direction : towards, above, below, up, down, behind, under, beneath,

Preposition of Position:- often, after, upon, on, bottom, inside, outside, infront of, next,
Some more examples:
The children are sitting around the fire
The bird is sitting on the bench
Sam is coming from under the bridge
The flowers are in the vase and the pens are in the holder

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ARTICLES

Articles:- articles are the helping letters or word to build up our grammar or sentence

Eg:- A, AN, THE

A:- A is used in front of singular word with a consonant sound

Eg:- a ball, a cat, a house, a dog etc

Indefinite article:- "A, AN" is used to non-specific objects

A:- Eg: A girl has come to see you

A boy is standing

An is used in front of singular word with a vowel sound.

Eg:- An apple, An egg, An ice-cream

An orange, an umbrella

Definite article:- Used for specific objects or noun " THE is used for vowels &
consonants
The is used in front of the singular and plural words and can be used in front of vowels
and consonants

Eg:- The apples , the ball, the balls

The cat- the cats

the dog-the dogs

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ADJECTIVE

The word which tells or explain something about the sentence in a sentence

Person
Quality of appearance
honesty, thin, skinny, liar, tall, brilliant, fair, punctual, dark, cruel, short, lazy, squint eyes
,poor, rich, handsome, kind, wise, poor, honest, long

Place
place, garden, hot, cold, spacious, stuffy, congested, eve, even
uneven, isolated, slippery, crowded

Animal
Animal, wild, fearful, poisonous, largest, smallest, pet, domestic, fluffy

Thing
Useful, useless, light, heavy, small, big, tiny

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 AUXILIARY VERBS

Auxiliary verbs are the verbs which helps to know the tense of the sentence

There are 21 Auxiliary verbs :-

Ist Division

Am
Is
Are
Was
Were

IInd Division

Has
Have
Had

IIIrd Division
Do
Does
Did

Will-Would
Can-Could
May-Might
Shall-Should
Must-Ought to

Am – used only for I - Present Tense

Used for present continuous (any action taken place now or these or recently)
Used for questioning
I am a trainer
I am teaching grammars these days or now a days
Positive - I am Edwin
Negative - I am not Edwin
Interrogative - Am I Edwin ?

Is – Present Tense
Used for Singular – He, She, It, This, That.

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Are – Present Tense
Used for Plural – They, we you, those, these

Do
Used for Plural – Present Moment
I
we
You
They
These
Those

They do it accurately
We do it completely
You do it for my goodness
I do it for your goodness
These children do it themselves
Those children do help others

Does
Used for Singular - Present Moment
He
she
it
John
He does it accurately
She does it complete

Did
Used for Past Moment
Singular + Plural
Used for performing actions
used for asking question and negative sentences

Do, Does for present tense

Did for past tense

Do you watch T.V? Yes

Do they live in a big city? Yes
Do we have all the tickets? yes

Does he work? Yes/No

Did she cook? No/Yes
Does it move? No/Yes

Did you watch T.V. yesterday?

Did he work last month?

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Has
Have
Had

These are used for receiving and taking

Used to talk about possession
(Something we have now and some thing we had in the past)
Used for just completed actions
Present perfect

Number of family members

Number of friends
Number of object
Number of objects
Number of buildings

Has
Used only for singular – He She, It, Names –
Used only in Present moment

Eg:-
Ashis has received the post
He has arrived
It has eight legs
This has a built in amplifier
That has 8 rooms
John has an exciting experience

Have
Used for Singular / Plural – They, We, You, These, Those, - I (exceptional usage)
Used only in Present moment

Eg:-
I have arrived
They/I have 2 elder brother
In have just come home
I have a kid brother

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We have many friends
I have a computer
I have an own house
I have completed BA
I have a very bad experience

Had
Used for Singular / Plural – They, We, You, These, Those, - I, He, She, It, Name
Used only in Past moment

You had a bad time

She had her boy friend
He had a good class’
It had a knife with it
This had a sharp edge
That had a small wall

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Will

Used for future tense.

Used for both plural and singular.
Used for planning not decision.
Used for questions.

I
We
You
They

He
She
It
John

Eg:- I will pay the fees

You will give the instructions - Plural
they will obey the rules

He will come now

she will cook food - Singular
It will work
John will play

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Question/Interrogatives for will

Will you give me the pen?

Will we pray together?
Will they come now?

May - Might

May:- May is used for permission

May is used for request
May is used for blessing
May is used for questioning

They
We
You
I

He
She
It
John

Eg:- May I come in?

May I talk to Rose?

You may go now

They may sit here
we may stand in the meeting
I may visit tomorrow

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Might
Used for future possibility

They
We
You
I

He
She
It
John

Eg:- It might rain

They might observe us
you might scold them
We might think over it

Must
Used for singular+ Plural
used for higher importance
Used for higher compulsory

Eg"- I must work hard

You must speak in English
they must write it
You must follow the traffic rules
he must come early

Should / Ought to

Used for singular+plural

Used for higher importance
Used for lesser compulsory

Eg:- I should drink milk

She should wear white saree

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Shall
Used for future
Used for both singular and plural
Used for questioninbg I and We

Eg:- Shall I help you? Will I help you

Shall we play? Will we play

You shall not stand here
He shall not write

Can
Used for present possibility
ability not performance
used for questioning
Negative of can is 'cannot'-can't

I
They
We
You

He
She
It
John

I can write
you can write
we can write

they can read

he can swim
she can swim
it can swim
John can swim

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Could
Past tense of can
Used for questioning
Used for both plural+singular
Used for past ability
Negative of could is could not - couldn’t

Eg:- I could not ride a bike when I was 5 years old but now I can
I could play with mud when I was 5 years but now I can't
They could build the house in the past but now they can't

Would
Used for polite request
Used for offering
would you please help me
I would like to know your address
I would prefer coffee than tea
Would I use your phone please

Was

I
He
She
It
This
that
Jack

Were

They
We
You
These
Those

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 DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
_______________________________________________________________

Positive Degree: Any object with its original form

one object without comparing it with other object
Eg: Steven is smart
Mango is sweet

Comparative Degree: An object compared with one more object.

by adding ‘er’ and ‘more’

Eg: Steven is smarter than Wilson.

Mango is sweeter than Orange.

Superlative Degree: Any object compared with more than one object.
by adding ‘est’ and ‘most’

Eg: Steven is smartest among all the staffs.

Mango is sweetest among all the fruits.

Syllables

1. Beauti+ful= beautiful
comparative more beautiful
Superlative most beautiful

A.R is beautiful women – Positive Degree

A.R is more beautiful than Rahul - Comparative Degree
A.R is most beautiful among all the women – Superlative Degree

Science is difficult subject

Science is more difficult than maths
Science is most difficult among all other subjects

P C S

able er(than) est(among)

brave 1 to 1 1 to all(many)
large
safe
bold
bright

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Syllables
Careful More caraeful most careful
beautiful
wonderful
fascinating
poisonous
active
useful

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 PREFIX

A- - ashore, away, apathy

Ab- - abnormal
Ad- - adhere, advocate
After- - afterwords, aftergrowth
Al- - almighty, altogether, almost
Amphi- - amphibious, amphitheatre
An- - anarchy
Ana- - analyse, anatomy
Ant, Anti - antagonist, antipathy
Ante- - antecedent, antedate, ante meridiem
Arch-, Archi - archbishop, architect
Auto- - auto vehicle, auto biography,
autograph
Bi- - binocular, bilingual, bicentenary
By- - byelection, byname, bylaw, bypath,
by product
Circum- - circumference, circumnavigation,
circumscribe
Circu- - circus, circular, circuit
contra - contradict, contraband
Counter - counteract, counterbalance
Contro- - controversy, controvert
De- - decend, defame, decrease
Demi- - demigod, demistructure
Dia- - dialogue, diameter
Dis- - disorder, disgrace, disobey
E- - estate, esquire, especial
Em, En- - embark, enlist
Epi- - epitaph, epilogue, epidermis
Ex- - ex-student, ex-minister, exclude
Extra - extraordinary, extrajudicial
Fore- - forewarn, foreword, forethought
Gain- - gainasy
Heter- - heterdox, heterge3neous
Homo- - homogeneous, homosexual;
Homoeo- - homoeopathy
Hyper- - hypersensitivity, hypertension
In- - inconvenience, include, inward
Inter- intro- - international, introduce,
intercontinent
Mal-, Male- - maltreatment, malcontent, malefactor
Mid- - midnight, midwife
Mis- - misfortune, misuse, misbehaviour
Non- - nonsense,. nonpayment

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Off- - offshoot, offshore
On- - onlooker
Out- - ovutside, outcome, outcast
Over- - overcoat, overdone, overlook
Para- - paraphrase, para-psychologay
Post- - post dated postscript
Pre- - prearrange, precaution, predict
Re- - reset, resound, retract, rearrange
Sub- - sub-heading, sub-editor, sub-branch
Super- - supernatural, superpower, superman
Sur- - Surpass, surcharge, surplus
Tele- - telephone, television, telegrahph
Trans- - transform, transport
un- - unwise, unripe, unable
Vice - Vice-chancellor, vice-principal
Wel- - welcome, weldone, welfare
with- - withstand, withdraw

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 SUFFIX

-Able, ible - respectable, portable, serviceable

-Acy - supremacy
-Age- - bondage
-Archy - hierarchy, monarchy
-ary - arbitrary, dictionary, exemplary
-cide - genocide, homicide
-cracy - democracy, plutocracy
-craft - woodcraft, book craft
-cule - democrat, plutocrat, bureaucrat
-dom - freedom, kingdom, boredom
-ed - tailed, feathered
-ee - trustee, employee, payee
-en - chicken
- vixen, oxen, golden, wooden, deepen,
-er, -or - preacher, teacher, sailor, greater, bigger
-ess - princess, governess
-et - prophet, poet
-ette - cigarette
-fold - manifold, fourfold, tenfold
-ful - delightful, cheerful, graceful
-hood - childhood, boyhood
-ian - Christian, Arabian Indian
-ion - religion, tension, opinion
-ise - franchise, exercise
-ish - bluish, childish, boyish
-ism - egoism, heroism
-ist - novelist, artist, communist, impressionist
-ite - egoism, heroism, communism, capitalism,
-ist - novelist, artist, communist, impressionist
-ite - Israelite
-ive - active, passive
-kin - lambkin
-ling - duckling
-less - guiltless, homeless
-let - leaflet
-ly - homely, manly, wickedly
-ment - establishment, nourishment
-most - topmost, super most, innermost
-ness - goodness, kindness, sweetness
-och - bullock, hillock
-ous - religious, glorious
-red - hatred
-right - outright
-ry - poetry, slavery

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-se - (clean), cleanse
-ship - friendship, hardship
-some - wholesome, handsome, troublesome
-th - tenth, fourth
-tor - conductor, creator, traitor
-ty - dignity, priority, seniority
-ule globule, granule, pustule
-ward - wayward, homeward
-way - straightway
-y - mighty, dirty, army, deputy, treaty

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 TENSE

PAST TENSE

Simple Past

Sub + M.verb (v2) + Word/Sentence

Ex - ate/drank

Past Continuous

Sub + was/were + M. verb+ing (v1) / word / sentence

was/were - Ex - was cooking were playing

Past Perfect

Sub + had + M.verb(v3) + ed + / word / sentence

had - Ex - had completed

Past Perfect Continuous

Sub + had been + M.verb+ing (v1)+/word/sentence

had been - Ex - teaching

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 PRESENT TENSE

Simple PRESENT

Sub + m.verb(v1) + word / sentence

s/es

Ex - Speaks, makes, likes

PRESENT Continuous

Sub + is/are/am + m.verb + ing / word / sentence

is/are/am

Ex - am writing, is listening, are playing

PRESENT Perfect

Sub + has/have + m.verb(v3)+ed + / word / sentence

has / have

Ex - has gone / have taken

PRESENT Perfect Continuous

Sub + has been + m.verb + ing (v1)/word/sentence

has been/have been - Ex - has been teaching

has been running
has been cleaning

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 FUTURE TENSE

Simple FUTURE

Sub + will/shall + m.verb(v1) + sentence

will/shall - Ex - read/speak

FUTURE Continuous

Sub + will be + shall be + m.verb(v1) + ing / word / sentence

will be/shall be - Ex. walking/running

FUTURE Perfect

Sub + will have/shall have + m.verb(v3) + ed + / word / sentence

will have / shall have - Ex. caught/taken

FUTURE Perfect Continuous

Sub + will have been / shall have been + m.verb(v1)+ing+ / word / sentence

will have been/shall have been - Ex. catching / talking

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 TENSE TABLE CHART

Present Past Future

Simple I(we, you, they) I (he,she,it I(we)shall work

(Indefinite) work you. they) He(she,you,they,it)
He(she,it) worked will work
works

Continuous I am working I(he,she,it I(we)shall be

He(she,it) was working working
is working we(you,they) He(she, you, it,they)
We(you,they) were working will be working
are working

Perfect I (we, you I(he,she,it I(we)shall have worked

they)have we(you,they He(she, you, it,they)
worked had worked will have worked
He(she,it)
has worked

Perfect I (we, you I(he,she,it I(we)shall have been working

Continuous they)have we(you,they He(she, you, it,they)

been working had been working will have been working

He(she,it)
has been working

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 RELATIVE CLAUSE CONJUNCTION AND RELATIVE PRONOUN

Who, where, when, what/that

Whom, whose, while,,which

She is Sheela whom Rakesh is going to marry.

He is Edwin whom I like very much.

They are bad people whom we can't believe

1. He is Stephen who is a good teacher

2. She is Divya who is a good friend

3. She is Manu who is going to Mary

4. They are bad student whom we can't believe

5. He is Hari whom I like very much

6. She is Madhu who is my sister

7. They are so many people who are from Andhra

8. He is Doctor who is a kind man

9. That man bet with Radha whom he dislikes

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Present simple

go/goes
come/comes'
eat/eats
jump/jumps
yawn/yawns
laugh/laughs
burp/burps
get hicups/gets hicups
snoar/snoares
knucke/knuckles
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formate

I-go

we
you go
they

He
she goes
It

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Present continuous-ing

I-am going

we
you are going
they
they

he
she is going
it

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Preposition of position:- The children are sitting around the fire

The bird is sitting on the bench
Sam is coming from under the bridge
the flowers are in the vase and the pens are in the holder

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Has and Have

The word has is used for singular nouns

The word have is used for plural nouns

We do not use "has" after 1 but "have"

I hve is correct
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-

Syllables

Adjective+ly =adverb
sad+ly =sadly
quiet+ly =quietly
quick+ly =quickly
graceful+ly =gracefully

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--

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 9 WH FORMAT

What - To know the information

Who - II nd person

Whom - III rd person

Which - Selecting - Choosing

Why - Reason - Purpose

when - Time

Where - Place

Whose - to know the owner of the belonging

How - to know reason- how something happened.

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 WH FORMAT

Interrogative Sentence

It is a questioning sentence
In the language English we have two types of quest6ioning sentence

1. WH format
1. Non.WH format

WH FORMAT

Interrogative are used to ask questions when we ask a WH question. We want them to
specify (Reply) a particular person, place, thing, animal, reason, method, amount .

We don't expect them to answer Yes or No "WH' question begin with a WH word like
who, when, which, why, where what, whose, how and whom

When you reply to 'WH' question you can often use one word or a group of words rather
than a full sentence

Ex:- It some one asks " What is your favourite colour"?

The usual reply is single word "Green' rather than a sentence such as "My favourite color
is green"

1. WHO:- This is used to ask question about a personal identity

Ex: Who is at the gate?

Who is she?
Ans. She is my friend

2. WHEN:- It asks only about "TIME"

Ex: When is the next but to magestic?

At 8.30AM
When is your exam?
In the month of June
When is your bith day?
On 18th May
When did we get independence?
On 15th Aug.10

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3. WHY: It is used to know about reason or purpose

Ex. Why are you crying?

Why was she late?
Why were you absence yesterday?

4. WHOM: It is used to ask questions about the 3rd parson

Ex: Whom are you waiting for?

Whom did the minister meet?
Whom did he invite?

5. Which: This is used for selection from two or more from a group of person or
objects

Ex: Which come first, the chicken or egg?

Which doctor do you want to meet?
Which girl won the beauty contest?
Which is your sister among the group

6. HOW: It asks about the method used for doing something or about the way in
which something can be. It is used to ask about plural.
Count noun and singular uncountable noun
Many-countable noun

Ex: How many people are there?

How many students are interested in the class?
MUCH:- Uncountable noun

Ex: How much milk do you need?

A. 1 cup

How much do you love your friend

How much confidence do you have?

I have more confidence

7. WHOM: was used in the part. Now who is more often used instead of 'whom'
some careful speaker of English think that it is more connect to use
'whom'. It asks about the object

Ex: Whom did the minister meet?

Who did he invite?

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8. WHERE: It asks about place, position or direction

Ex: Where are you going?

Where are you born?
Where are you working now?
Where is Taj mahal?
Where do you live?

9. WHOSE: To know the owner of the possession or belongings of a person

Ex: Whose child is this?"

Whose car was it?
Whose PC is that?
Whose home is that?

9. WHAT: It asks about something other than a person. It asks about things name
and professions.

Ex:- What is the matter? Nothing

What is your name?
What is she wearing?
What you want?

NON-WH FORMAT

When we ask someone a non WH question we want them to specify the reply in 'YES' or
'NO'.

Ex. Is it raining ?
Are you coming?
Is it you?
Are you going to the movie?

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 CONJUNCTION

Linking word, joining word & combining one sentence to more sentence.

Ex: and, so, but , that, because, as well as.

Ex. i came late because the bus was late

INTERJECTION WORDS

Which expresses the strong feeling.

Hi dude!

Alas !

Ah!

Oh!

Hurrah !

Well Done!

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GRAMMER

9 PARTS OF SPEECH

Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adverb
Adjective
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Articles
Interjection words

Auxiliary Verbs

Tenses

------------------------------
Group Discussion
Questionary Rounds
Talking about - Topics - Brief Talking
Vocabulary Session
Pronounciation Skills
Interview Skills

Frequent words

Generally
Usually
oftenly
normally

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 I - Have been + ing

We - Have been + ing

You - Have been + ing
They - Have been + ing

He - Has been + ing

She - Has been + ing
It - Has been + ing

Key words

Since For

1997 10 years
January 2 months
Wednesday 3 days
7'0 clock 2 hours

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STORY ACTIVITY

Listening Ability
Pronounciation skills
Tense - Past
Verbs
Feeling of Expression and feeling
Memory
Confidence level increases
Knowledge of well being
Interacting / communication skills
Vocabulary
performance - you become a good performer

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