Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2010 12 Lyp Chemistry 02
2010 12 Lyp Chemistry 02
2010 12 Lyp Chemistry 02
General Instructions
1. What type of interactions hold the molecules together in a polar molecular solid? [1]
3. Fluorine does not exhibit any positive oxidation state. Why? [1]
Ans.
Ans. Carbohydrates which reduce Tollen’s reagent or Fehling solution are called reducing
sugars which have free aldehydic group.
8. What does the designation ‘6,6’ mean in the name nylon-6, 6? [1]
Ans. 6,6 means the number of carbon atoms in the monomers of Nylon-6,6..
9. Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using
osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the determination of
molar masses of solutes in solutions? [2]
Ans. The flow of solvent from solution of low concentration to higher concentration through
semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
Advantage: Unlike other colligative properties, osmotic pressure is used to determine the
Molar mass of macromolecules/polymers like protein / or any other advantage.
10. Express the relation among the cell constant, the resistance of the solution in the
cell and the conductivity of the solution. How is the conductivity of a solution related to
its molar conductivity? [2]
Ans.
OR
Construct the redox reaction equation from the two half-reactions and calculate the
cell potential from the standard potentials and predict if the reaction is reactant or
Ans.
Or
Redox Reaction
Ans. Tyndall Effect: - The scattering of light by the colloidal particles present in a colloidal sol
is called Tyndall effect.
Shape Selective Catalysis: The catalytic reaction that depends upon the pore structure of the
catalyst and the size of the reactant and product molecules is called shape-selective catalysis.
13. What is meant by coagulation of a colloidal solution? Name any method by which
coagulation of lyophobic sols can be carried out. [2]
By electrophoresis, coagulation of lyophobic Sols can be carried out / or any other method.
(i)
(ii)
Ans. (i)
(ii)
16. Give the chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: [2]
Ans.
Ans.
water to lower the freezing point by The freezing point depression constant,
for water is Assume van’t Hoff factor for [3]
Ans.
OR
OR
(ii) Iodine is heated with titanium to form a volatile compound which on further heating
decomposes to give pure titanium.
Or
(iii) Cryolite lowers the melting point of mixture of alumina in the extraction of aluminium /
increase the conductivity of mixture.
OR
(i) Froth Floatation method: The mineral particles become wet by oils while the gangue
particles by water.
(ii) Electrolytic refining: Crude metal is made as anode and pure metal as cathode. When
current is passed through electrolyte of same metal ions then pure metal gets deposited at
cathode and impurities settle at bottom of anode.
(iii) Zone Refining: The impurities are more soluble in the melt than in the solid state of the
metal.
Ans. (i) Because two inner d-orbitals are not available in Ni.
Ans. In it occurs in two steps and the reaction is of first order whereas in it
Or
configuration occurs.
example:
(ii)
(iii)
Ans. (i) Because(a) bond dissociation enthalpy of is lower than that of and
26. Amino acids may be acidic, alkaline or neutral. How does this happen? What are
essential and non-essential amino acids? Name one of each type. [3]
Those amino acids which must be supplied in our diet are called essential amino acids and
those which can be made by our bodies and not required in our diet are called non-essential
amino acids.
Essential amino acids: Valine, leucine, isoleucine, argenine (any one)
Non-Essential amino acids: Glycine, alanine (any one)
27. Explain the following terms with one example in each case: [3]
Ans. (i) Food preservatives: are the compounds which prevent spoilage of food due to
microbial growth. eg: sodium benzoate, vinegar (any one example)
(ii) Enzymes are the biological catalysts which increase the rate of metabolism.
eg: Invertase, Zymase, (or any other one example)
(iii) Detergents are sodium salts of long chain alkyl sulphonates or benzene sulphonates. eg:
Sodium Lauryl sulphate.
equation:
(ii) What fraction of the original sample of remains behind after 1 minute? [5]
OR
(b) The rate of a reaction increases four times when the temperature changes from
Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction, assuming that it
Ans. (a) (i) Rate of a reaction- Rate of Change of concentration of reactant or product with
time is called rate of reaction
(ii) Activation Energy – Minimum energy which the reacting molecules should acquire so
that they react to give product is called activation energy.
OR
The energy required by the reactant molecules for the formation of intermediate activated
complex.
Therefore,
OR
(a) (i) The sum of powers of the concentration of the reactants in the rate law expression is
called the order of that chemical reaction.
(ii) Molecularity – Number of molecules taking part in rate determining step of a reaction is
called molecularity.
OR
(ii) Among the divalent cations in the first series of transition elements, manganese
exhibits the maximum paramagnetism.
(iii) ion is not known in aqueous solutions.
Ans.
(b) (i) It is due to increasing stability of lower species to which they are reduced.
(ii) Because removing from extra stable configuration is difficult in case of
OR
OR
30. (a) Illustrate the following name reactions giving a chemical equation in each case:
(i) Clemmensen reaction
(ii) Cannizzaro’s reaction
OR
OR
(b)