1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Project

For the period of four month, I interned in NAHAR GROUP OF COMPANIES which is
located in 21st Mile Stone, Ambala-Chandigarh Road, Near Lalru. It was a great learning
experience to work in NAHAR which is a manufacturer and exporter.
Exporting is a complex and challenging activity in today’s dynamic world environment
as it involves the performance of operations that determine existing and potential
demand in a market. Mill has various departments that functions in a synchronized
manner to make the export process successful.
All the departments are equally important to carry out the export process effectively but
the merchandising department, Designing and Printing plays a vital role in getting the
export orders. Thus, selecting a project on process of Designing and Printing was an
important decision.

1.2 Project Objectives

• To understand the importance of product development in an export house.
• To analyze the work process of designing department.
• To analyze the work process of the merchandising department and surface
ornamentation.
• To analyze the day-to-day challenges faced by the design and merchandising process
and how the workforce adapts to changes at work.
• To understand the important of sampling process in export business.
• To have in-depth knowledge about various departments in an export house that helps
in carrying out the export process successfully
1.3Company profile

Nahar groups, established in 1949 with oswal woolen mills, Ludhiana, surges a head in
establishing itself as a repudiated industrial conglomerate with a wide range from
spinning knitting, hosiery, garment, soaps, vegetable oils and sugar.

Nahar group of companies includes

 Oswal wollen mills limited

 Nahar spinning mills limited
 Nahar export limited
 Nahar industrial enterprise limited
 Nahar international limited
 Nahar sugar and allied industries limited

1.4 Introduction of company

The nahar keeping pace with changing environment is well reputed group. It is
established in 1949. Today it is one of the leading group of company. Nahar group of
industries collaborates with a wide range of spinning, knitting, weaving, processing,
hosiery and garmenting having latest art of technology unit. The group has outstanding
performance in the national textile industries.

 Nahar is at the top rank holder in spinning industries of our country. India is the
one of the largest hosiery/ knitwear manufactures and exporter, having prestigious
buyer like IZOD, old navy, GAP ,quicksilver, perryellies ,H&M etc.
 The annual turnover of nahar is 18000 million.
 Nahar is having buyer of india as well as from other countries including brands
like:-
1.4.1 Company’s client

International client

 GAP Inc-BR
 Gap and old navy
 VF- Lee & Wrangler
 Armani exchange
 A&F
 American eagle
 Decathlon
 Timberland
 Marks & spencer
 Columbia sportwear
 Calvin klein
 Ralph lauren
 H&M
 C&A
 Zara
 Pull & bear
 Super dry
 PVH
 UCB

Domestic clients

 Color plus
 Black berry,s
 Monte carlo
 Parx
 Indigo nation
 Allen solly
 Louis phillip
 Louis phillip
 Killer
 Van heusen
 Pantaloons
 Peter England
 Indian terrain
 Shapes
 Numero uno
 Gini & jony
 Turtle
  Reliance
 Myntra.com
 Big bazaar
 Oxemberg
 Shopper’s stop
 Arvind brand

1.4.2 Details

Company name- NAHAR GROUP OF COMPANIES

Address- 21st mile stone, Ambala-Chandigarh Road, Near Lalru
Gurgaon-122001 (HARYANA )
Contact- 9988935381
Established- 1949
NF-1 Units:- 15 units
Area- 20000sq.feet
No. of senior staff- 4000
Product/ Service-fabric

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Export Sector of Indian Economy has improved immensely over the years and has earned
US $ 125 billion in the current fiscal year. The goods exported from India mainly include
wide variety of agricultural products, chemicals, jewelry, garments, leather goods and so
on.

India has developed business relations with a number of foreign countries like the
member countries of SAARC, some Eastern European countries as well as African
countries, Members of EU. The impressive list of countries includes:
 Russia
 UAE
 USA
 Hong Kong
 UK
 Japan
 Germany
 Singapore
 Belgium
 Malaysia
 Netherlands
 Bangladesh
 Italy
 Thailand
 France
 Australia
 Belgium
The major export products of India hail from the following divisions within the
export sector of Indian economy like:
 Engineering Goods
 Agricultural Products
 Chemicals
 Marine Products
 Petroleum products
 Leather Goods
 Textiles
 Plantations

Textile industry in India

India is the second largest producer of textiles and garments in the world.
The textile and apparel industry can be broadly divided into two segments - yarn and
Fiber, and processed fabrics and apparel. India accounts for 14 per cent of the worlds
Production of textile fibers and yarns (largest producer of jute, second largest producer
( of silk and cotton, and third largest in cellulosic fiber). India has the highest loom
capacity (including hand looms) with 63 per cent of the world's market share.
The domestic textile and apparel industry in India is estimated to reach US$ 141 billion
by 2021 from US$ 67 billion in 2014. Increased penetration of organized retail,
favorable demographics, and rising income levels are likely to drive demand for textiles.
Textile and apparel exports from India are expected to increase to US$ 82 billion by
2021 from US$ 40 billion in 2014. Readymade garments remain the largest contributor
to total textile and apparel exports from India. In FY15 the segment had a share of 40
per cent of all textile and apparel exports. Cotton and man-made textiles were the other
major contributors with shares of 31 per cent and 16 per cent, respectively.
Rising government focus and favorable policies is leading to growth in the textiles and
clothing industry. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in textile sector increased to US$
1,587.8 million in FY15 from US$ 1,424.9 million in FY14. The Ministry of Textiles is
encouraging investments through increasing focus on schemes such as Technology Up
gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS). To promote apparel exports, 12 locations have been
approved by the government to set up apparel parks for exports. As per the 12th Five
Year Plan, the Government plans to provide a budgetary support of US$ 4.25 billion to
textiles. Free trade with ASEAN countries and reposed agreement with European Union
will also help boost exports.

Contribution to employment generation

The textiles industry has made a major contribution to the national economy in terms of
direct and indirect employment generation and net foreign exchange earnings. The
sector contributes about 14 per cent to industrial production, 4 per cent to the gross
domestic product (GDP), and 27 per cent to the country's foreign exchange inflows. It
provides direct employment to over 45 million people. The textiles sector is the second
largest provider of employment after agriculture. Thus, growth and all round
development of this industry has a direct bearing on the improvement of the India’s
economy.
2.1 Current Status Of Research
Amandeep Kaur[1] (2013) has undertaken a study in Chandigarh to determine the
important factors of visual merchandising which influence consumer’s buying behavior
and in-store promotion activities.
Questionnaires regarding visual merchandising were filled by the customers visiting the
retail stores present at different locations in Chandigarh. Various visual merchandising
techniques like graphics and signage, fixtures, props, lighting and space management
were considered and study there impact on the buying of the customers. The study also
tried to explain the relationship between impulse buying and visual.
Bashar & Irshad,[2] (2012) has considered impact of form display, window display,
promotional signage and
floor merchandising by taking sample size of 250 Indian respondents by applying
Pearson correlation. His findings are that window display and impulsive purchasing are
positively correlated. Impulse buying and store display are not correlated. Floor
merchandising is also correlated with impulse buying.
Derry Law, Christina Wong & Joanne Yip[3] (2012), aim to explore consumer
affective response on visual stimulus in stores by considering the aesthetic, symbolic and
cultural perceptions of function-oriented product–intimate apparel. The literature to date
tends to focus on the interaction between individual visual merchandising elements (e.g.
color, lighting) with consumers. However, the product nature and its symbolic meaning
have not been seriously taken into consideration. Due to the immense market potential in
the East, applying western-developed theories may not be universally appropriate. There
may be different results and patterns in consumer behavior. Thus, this study enrich
existing knowledge of atmospheric management by including the interaction of Eastern
values and product nature on affective responses.
Mehta & Chugan,[4] (2012) has studied the contact of visual merchandising on
shopper impulse buying behavior. He took sample size of 84 customers visiting the retail
stores of India and find that window display has direct relation with impulse buying.
However no significant relation is found between form display and impulse buying but
floor merchandising shows direct relation.
S. Madhavi & T. S. Leelavati[5] (2013) have tried to contribute to a deeper
understanding about the impact of visual merchandising on consumer buying behavior
in shopping stores. The paper analyses the influence of
visual merchandising, especially the one related to the shop-windows, on consumer
buying behavior according to store attributes most valued by consumers.
Vinamra Jain, Ashok Sharma & Pradeep Narwal[6] (2012), in their paper explores
women’s decision making behavior towards apparel’s based on how they are displayed
in windows and in stores on mannequins or in form. Specifically it offers empirical
results on the relationship between women’s impulse.
buying, product decision making and visual appeal of apparel displays. A questionnaire
survey was employed as the tool to collect primary data and was administered to 150
ladies in the Delhi/NCR region of India. The result shows that apparel displayed on
mannequins inside the store and in show windows has a
significant impact on the purchase decision of women.
S. Meenakumari[7] (2013), in this research attempted to find out the role of visual
merchandise on Retailing among supermarkets in Chennai city. The components of
visual merchandise were analyzed in this study to find out the impact on purchase
decision in supermarket. A sample of 105 was collected. Promotional signage and floor
space plays important role in buyer’s decision.

2.2 Concluding Remarks

India share of global textile is exports is expected to increase from the current 4% and
7% over next 3 year where NAHAR has the maximum contribution.
Nahar aims to enters life style globally inspiring diverted custom with the beauty of
prints. With the best of the techniques with the Nahar has become a true Indian leading
companies. Today the Nahar has the flagship company of rupees 10 million. In today’s
world designing and printing techniques has set the pace for changing global customer
demands for textile and has focused its attention on select core product such a focus has
a enable the company to play a dominant role in the global textile arena. Merchandiser
plays a very important role in today’s world.

3. METHODOLOGY

The primary objective of doing this project was to understand the first hand knowledge of
the Designing, Printing and merchandising in an export house. Thus, an observational
method was required which involves systematically watching and what people say and
do.

Thus, Project Research Methodology Is As Follows:

• In primary data, Observational Method to Do A Research Has Been Adopted

and In-Depth Interviews Were Conducted That Included Non-Structured
Open-Ended Questions.
 • In secondary data, both internal & external research was done. For internal
research Ready to Use Documents available with the organization were used. For
external research we visited various exhibitions to see the upcoming trends in
surface ornamentation and Internet Website were consulted.

WORK FLOW OF COMPANY

Woven grey fabric

Desiring
(burn by fire and without burning)

Scouring/ bleaching
(With the chemical H2O2)

Mercerization
 Dyeing

Printing

After washing

Finishing

Fig.3.1 Flowchart of the flow of the company

3.1 Grey fabric

The required functional properities to the fiber or fabric, it is customary to subject the
material to different types of physical and chemical treatments. For example, wash and
wear finish for a cotton fabric is necessary to make it crease free or wrinkle free. In a
similar way, mercerizing, singeing, flame retardant, water repellent, waterproff, anti-static
and peach finishing achieve various fabric properities desired by consumers.

3.1.1Preparation/ Pretreatment
 Singeing
↓
Desizing
↓

Scouring
↓

Bleaching
↓

Mercerization

Typically a woven cotton fabric would be prepared by sequence of process as shown.

In case of knitting sizing step is not involved.

The grey cloth woven cotton fabric in its loom-states, not only contains impurities,
including warp size, but requires further treatment in order to develop its full treatment in
order to develop its full textile potential. Furthermore, it may receive considerable added
value by applying one or more finishing processes.

3.2 Singeing

The verb ‘singe’ literally means ‘to burn superficially’. Technically, singeing refers to the
burning-off of. Loose fibres not firmly bound into the yarn and/or fabric structure.
Singeing is an important part of pretreatment. This is the burning off of protruding fiber
ends from the surface of the fabric. If not done properly, unclear print patterns, mottled
fabric surfaces, and pilling results.

 Loose yarns not firmly bound into the fabric structure;

 Protruding fibre ends sticking out of the textile yarns and/or fabrics

Fig.3.2 Front view of singeing/desizing machine

Fig.3.3 Back view of machine

3.2.1Singeing Process
 To produce a smooth surface finish on fabrics made from staple fibers first the
fabric surfaces are brushed lightly to raise the unwanted fiber ends.

 Then the fabric is singed with or passed over heated copper plates or open gas
flames. The fiber ends burn off.

 The fabric is moved very rapidly, and only the fiber ends are destroyed.

 As soon as the fabric leaves the singeing area, it enters a water bath or desizing
bath. This stops any singeing afterglow or sparks that might damage the cloth.

3.2.2 Precaution During Singeing

 The fabric to be singed should be dry as wet fabric tend to scorch more readily than
dry.

 Uneven singeing may cause streaks on fabric or bubbles when the fabric is finished.

 Improper singeing may lead to loss of 75 % loss in tensile strength loss in warp
direction.

 The fabric should not contain any acid releasing salt,which may release acid on
heating and tender the fabric.

 Stopping the machines may cause bars on the fabrics.

 Singeing may cause hardening of the size thus leading to difficulty in its removal.

 Possibility of thermal damage to temperature sensitive fabrics.

 The burning characteristics of fibers must be taken into account when this process is
applied, as heat-sensitive fibers melt, forming tiny balls on the surface of the fabric.
These balls interfere with dye absorption, so that, as a general rule, heat sensitive
fibers would be singed after dyeing or printing.

3.2.3 Objectives & Advantages of Singeing

 Singeing of a fabric is done in order to obtain a clean fabric surface which allows
the structure of the fabric to be clearly seen.

 Fabrics, which have been singed, soil less easily than un-singed fabrics.

 The risk of pilling, especially with synthetics and their blends, is reduced in case
of singed fabrics.

 Singed fabrics allow printing of fine intricate patterns with high clarity and detail.

 The risk of skittery dyeings with singed articles dyed in dark shades is
considerably reduced, as randomly protruding fibres are removed in singeing which
could cause diffused reflection of light.

3.3 Scouring and Bleaching

All raw textile materials, when they are in natural form, are known as 'greige' material
(pronounced grey-sh). This greige material will have its natural color, odor and impurities
that are not suitable for clothing materials. Not only the natural impurities will remain on
the greige material but also the add-ons that were made during its cultivation, growth and
manufacture in the form of pesticides, fungicides, worm killers, sizes, lubricants, etc. The
removal of these natural coloring matters and add-ons during the previous state of
manufacturing is called scouring and bleaching.

Scouring is the first process carried out with or without chemicals, at room temperature
or at suitable higher temperatures with the addition of suitable wetting agents, alkali and
so on. Scouring removes all the waxes, pectins and makes the textile material hydrophilic
or water absorbent. See also scouring wool.
Fig.3.4 Scouring and Bleaching machine

Bleaching

The next process of decolorization of greige material into a suitable material for next
processing is called bleaching. Bleaching of textiles can be classified into oxidative
bleaching and reductive bleaching.

3.3.1 Types

Oxidative bleaching

Generally oxidative bleachings are carried out using sodium hypochlorite, sodium
chlorite or sulfuric acid. Natural fibres like cotton, ramie, jute, wool, bamboo are all
generally bleached with oxidative methods.
Reductive bleaching

Reductive bleaching is done with sodium hydrosulphite, a powerful reducing agent.

Fibres like polyamides, polyacrylics and polyacetates can be bleached using reductive
bleaching technology.

Optical whiteners

After scouring and bleaching, optical brightening agents (OBAs) are applied to make the
textile material appear a more brilliant white. These OBAs are available in different tints
such as blue, violet and red

3.4 Mercerization

Mercerization, the treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to
improve the luster, hand and other properties, was named after its discoverer, John
Mercer, and has been in use for some time. It has been seeing an increase in application
recently.

Recently, there has been wide use of so-called alkaline reduction processing, which treats
polyester with a strong caustic alkaline solution to dissolve and remove the surface film
in order to improve the hand.

The methods and effects involved in the processing of cotton and polyester are different,
but, both involve treatment with a strong alkaline solution before dyeing to improve the
properties of the fiber, and so both can be considered together to be alkaline treatments.
Furthermore, in the handling of blended and union weaves of polyester and cotton, both
fibers can be treated effectively with alkalis at the same time, and so it is important that
the two treatments be given equal consideration in such a case.

Fig.3.5 Mercerize Machine

3.4.1 Mercerization Processing

If cotton is dipped into a strong alkaline solution such as lithium hydroxide, caustic soda,
or potassium hydroxide, the fibers will swell and shrink. If the fibers are placed under
tension while in this swollen state and then rinsed with water, the alkali will be removed
and a permanent silk-like luster will result.

Alternatively, after swelling, if the alkali is rinsed off when the fiber is in its shrunk state,
an increase in luster may not be discernable, but the fibers will fix in that shrunk state,
thus giving good elasticity to external stress.

The former is known as tension mercerization and is often simply called mercerization,
while the latter is referred to as slack mercerization. Due to considerations of cost and
efficacy, only caustic soda is used as the alkali in industry.

The effects of mercerization

 Improved luster
 Increased ability to absorb dye

 Improved reactions with a variety of chemicals

 Improved stability of form

 Improved strength/elongation

 Improved smoothness

 Improved hand

Appearance is improved through increased luster, a deepening of the color and the
production of a transparent look, the feel of the fabric is improved through a resulting soft
hand and improved smoothness, and strength and elongation are also improved, along
with the addition of good stretching ability. The treatment and handling can be adjusted to
fit different requirements, thus allowing for the best application of the results of different
processing.

3.5 Dyeing

The most commonly used processes for imparting color to cotton are piece dyeing and
yarn dyeing.

Fig.3.6 Dyeing Machine

In piece dyeing, which is used primarily for fabrics that are to be a solid color, a
continuous length of dry cloth is passed full-width through a trough of hot dye solution.
The cloth then goes between padded rollers that squeeze in the color evenly and removes
the excess liquid. In one variation of this basic method, the fabric, in a rope-like coil, is
processed on a reel that passes in and out of a dye beck or vat.

Yarn dyeing, which occurs before the cloth is woven or knitted, is used to produce
gingham checks, plaids, woven stripes and other special effects. Blue dyed warp yarns,
for example, are combined with white filling yarns in denim construction.

One of the most commonly used yarn dyeing methods is package dyeing. In this system,
yarn is wound on perforated cylinders or packages and placed on vertical spindles in a
round dyeing machine.

Dye solution is forced alternately from the outside of the packages inward and from the
inside out under pressure.

Computers are used increasingly in dyeing processes to formulate and match colors with
greater speed and accuracy.

3.6 Printing

Printing colored designs on cotton cloth is similar to printing on paper.Long runs of the
same fabric design are produced on a roller print machine operating at speeds between 50
to 100 yards a minute. As many as of 10 different colors can be printed in one continuous
operation.
Fig.3.7 Rotary Machine

A typical printing machine has a large padded drum or cylinder, which is surrounded by a
series of copper rollers, each with its own dye trough and doctor blade that scrapes away
excess dye. The number of rollers varies according to the fabric design, since each color
in the design is etched on a separate roller. As the cloth moves between the rotating drum
and rollers under great pressure, it picks up color from the engraved area of each roller in
sequence. The printed cloth is dried immediately and conveyed to an oven that sets the
dye.

Fig.3.8 Flatbed screen printing machine

Automatic screen-printing is another principal method for imparting colored designs to

cotton fabrics. Although slower than roller printing, it has the advantage of producing
much larger and more intricate designs, elaborate shadings and various handcrafted
effects.

In flat bed screen-printing, the fabric design is reproduced on fine mesh screens, one for
each
color. On each screen, the areas in the design that are not to be penetrated by the dye are
covered with lacquer or some other dye-resistant coating. The screens are coated with dye
on the back and mounted in the proper sequence above a flat bed. As a belt carries the
fabric along from screen to screen, a squeegee or roller presses the dye through the open
area of the screen onto the fabric.

The new flat bed machines can have speeds of up to 1,200 yards per hour for a fabric
with a 36-inch design repeat.

Faster by far are the recently developed rotary screen printing machines with production
speeds of up to 3,500 yards an hour. The system combines roller and screen printing,
utilizing perforated cylinders instead of flat screens. The color paste is fed inside the
cylinders and a small metal roller forces the color through the pores of the cylinder onto
the fabric which is moving continuously under the cylinders. As many as 16 colors can be
printed on one fabric using this method. Use of this technique is increasing since the
screens or cylinders can be produced less expensively than the engraved copper rollers
used in roller printing.
 Fig.3.9 colour sheet

3.7 finishing

Finishing, as the term implies, is the final step in fabric production. Hundreds of finishes
can be applied to textiles, and the methods of application are as varied as the finishes.

Cotton fabrics are probably finished in more different ways than any other type of fabrics.
Some finishes change the look and feel of the cotton fabric, while others add special
characteristics such as durable press, water repellency, flame resistance, shrinkage control
and others. Several different finishes may be applied to a single fabric.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Under the guidance of mentors I visited all the department and know all the process of
the company.

In the merchandising, we study that buyer are giving the design to the company. With the
help of designer, all the designs are converted into the Photoshop and CAD file.

Merchandiser approves the entire CAD file by the buyer. Then merchandiser work on one
sample, according to the buyer requirements. Then, sample are approved by the buyer
and make finial inspection for the bulk production, shipment and In surface
ornamentation, I study all the research paper on surface ornamentation, merchandising
and printing. After that, the company gives inspiration to me, according to inspiration I
make design according it in printing.

4.1 PROJECT UNDERTAKEN-1

• THEME: Tribal vibes
• COLLECTION: Table set
• NO. OF PRODUCTS: 6
• FABRIC USED: Lycra
• TECHNIQUE USED: Screen printing
• PRODUCTS: Table cloth, Table mat, Coaster, Napkins, Apparal
• COLORS: 3 (Blue, orange and Black )
#Fashion Snoops FW 17/18 graphics on #WeConnectFashion. Women's trend:
TRIBAL VIBES

Geometrics once again take on a retro sensibility and have complexity added whether
it be created by combining colors, altering sizes or making them appear to be three-
dimensional. Patchworking was also of importance, as well as geos printed on a faux
texture.

THEME BOARD
 Fig.4.1 Theme board
COLOUR BOARD

Fig.4.2 Colour board

COLLECTION

Fig.4.3 Table cloth

COLLOURS
Four colours :- Blue, orange, Black and White
SIZE:- 12*12
Pantone no. 14-1225
16-1356
19-4049
Fig.4.4 Napkins

Fig.4.5 Napkins
 Fig.4.6 Apparel

Fig.4.7 Coaster

Fig.4.8 Table mats

4.2 PROJECT UNDERTAKEN-2

• THEME: Lands of dreams
• COLLECTION: Cushions
• NO. OF PRODUCTS: 6
• FABRIC USED: Lycra
• TECHNIQUE USED: Screen printing
• CUSHION SIZE: 12”*12”
• COLORS: 4 (Orange, Green, white and Black)
#Fashion Snoops FW 17/18 graphics on #WeConnectFashion. Women's trend: LAND
OF THE DREAMER

Land of the dreamer is this season’s girlie trend, as swans, birds and bugs are the new
“animals” of interest. There is a slight surrealist viewpoint as layered graphics and
humanized creatures add excitement.

INSPIRATION BOARD

Fig.4.9 Inspiration Board

 Fig.4.10 cushion (1)

(2) cushion
 (3) cushion

(4) cushion

(5)cushion
(6) cushion
4.4 PROJECT UNDERTAKEN-3
• THEME: Tradillusation
• COLLECTION: Cushions
• NO. OF PRODUCTS: 6
• FABRIC USED: Lycra
• TECHNIQUE USED: Screen printing
• CUSHION SIZE: 12”*12”
• COLORS: 2 ( Peach and Black)
To design and developed collection of cushion for the upcoming season
Autumn Winter2017/18 for the brand kilol taking inspiration from the
Indian Acoma Pueblo pottery. Following the process on how pottery is
been done and how its decorated with different kinds of colors and pattern.
Tradillusation made by two words traditional and illusion in which
tradition means love of labor. Motifs which is used by pottery in their pots.

THEME BOARD
Fig.4.11 Theme Board

INSPIRATION BOARD

Fig.4.12 Inspiration board

COLLECTION

Fig.4.14 cushion
(2) cushion

(3)cushion

(4) Cushion
(5) Cushion

(6)Cushion

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

5.1 Conclusion
Because the period of exploration for this thesis was too short, I couldn't use all the
techniques and materials skillfully enough. My work was not totally as complete as I
would have intended, but I have been very excited by the results. It is expected that I will
overcome the limit of my expression and I feel that the possibilities are unlimited. Also I
have been enlarging my direction and my future. I have just begun the process of
researching and developing this future. This graduate study has given me the opportunity
to create, explore and expand my aesthetic and working experience. I will continue my
work when I return home. It has been a difficult challenge but a very positive one, and I
wish to thank everyone for giving me this opportunity.

5.2 Limitation

This section describes the limitations of the present research work and these

Limitations motivates for future research.

1. The present work has considered only one tool material (tungsten carbide insert) for
the four different work materials. Inclusion of different tool materials would have lead to
various combinations of tool and work materials.

2. The machining experiments have been conducted for three machining parameters at
three levels.

3. The responses such as surface roughness and flank wear are only considered for the
performance study in finish turning and facing processes.

4. The machining processes are intermittently stopped and tool wear measurements are
carried out.

5.3 Scope for Future Work

Based on the limitations observed in the present research, there are considerable
possibilities of scope for future work and they are presented below.
1. Multi-pass machining or component-based attempts can be carried out to show the
ability and effectiveness of non-traditional optimization techniques.

2. Surface design of textiles and textile structural design. Surface design including
coloring of the textile surface, embroidery work, and printing various designs on the
textile surface. Structural design includes the design of the structure of the textile to be
manufactured.

3. Scope in fashion houses, large export houses and manufacturing unit.

REFERENCES AND BIBLOGRAPHY

www.google.co.in/images
The world of ornaments book
www.homesrusgroup.com
www.tradeindia.com
www.be-mm.com
http://www.azmlstudio.com/philosophy.asp
http:/www.the freedictionary.com/minimalist
http:/en.wikipedia.org
http:/design-seeds.com/index.php

APPENDIX – 1