Lesson Plan

(Trigonometry)

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
A. Identify the missing parts of a right triangle.
B. Apply/use trigonometric ratios to find the measure of an angle/side of a right triangle, when
given two values.
C. Appreciate the convenience of using the Trigonometric functions in measuring things in
real life.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Trigonometric Ratios (“SOH CAH TOA”)

B. Reference: Schaum’s Outline of Trigonometry
www.khanacademy.org
C. Materials: Laptop, Projector, Clinometer, Brown Envelope, Scientific Calculator,
Whiteboard and Whiteboard Marker

III. Procedure
A. Preparatory Activities
1. Daily Routine
(Prayer, Greetings, Checking of attendance)

2. Review:
 Kinds of triangles
 The 6 Trigonometric Functions
 How to input the Trigonometric functions on the scientific calculator

B. Enabling Activity
I. Activity/Motivation

The class will be divided into 3 groups. Each group will be given a brown envelope with
different trigonometric problems.

Instruction: Given the values of the right triangle as shown (on each paper), find the value
of the missing side. A puzzle was included in each envelope that will give a 'hint' on how
to get the correct answer.

Group 1: Find the value of the side “a” on the given triangle.
Group 2: Find the value of the side “b” on the given triangle.
Group 3: Find the value of the side “c” on the given triangle.

Analysis
1. What are the labels of the sides of a right triangle and how can we take note
of it?
2. How can we easily remember the formula for sine, cosine and tangent?

II. Abstraction

Sine, cosine, and tangent are the three main functions in trigonometry. They're
all based on ratios obtained from a right triangle. Before we can discuss what ratios
work for which function, we need to label a right triangle.
 Opposite is the side opposite the angle X, adjacent is the side next to the angle in
question, and the hypotenuse is the longest side of a right triangle. The hypotenuse
is always opposite the right angle.

The ratios that allow you to determine the sine, cosine, and tangent of a right
triangle are:
The sine of an angle is equal to the side opposite the angle divided by the
hypotenuse.
The cosine of an angle is equal to the side adjacent to the angle divided by the
hypotenuse.
The tangent of an angle is equal to the side opposite the angle divided by the side
adjacent to the angle.

To sum it up, the ratio of sine is described by “opposite over hypotenuse”, for
cosine, “adjacent over hypotenuse” and for tangent, “opposite over adjacent.”

“SOHCAHTOA”
These ratios can be difficult to remember. You might easily get confused
and not remember which side goes where. SOH CAH TOA is a mnemonic device
helpful for remembering what ratio goes with which function.

SOH = Sine is Opposite over Hypotenuse

CAH = Cosine is Adjacent over Hypotenuse
TOA = Tangent is Opposite over Adjacent

With these properties, you can solve almost any problem related to finding either
a side length or angle measure of a right triangle. SohCahToa can ensure that you
won't get them wrong.

Examples:

1. Find sin β, cosβ and tanβ for the angle in the right triangle shown.

Sinβ = opposite/hypotenuse = 3 / 5 = 0.6

 Cosβ = adjacent/hypotenuse = 4 / 5 = 0.8

Tanβ= opposite/adjacent = 3 / 4 = 0.75

2.On another example, let's find the value of x for this triangle.

We know the side adjacent to the known angle of 60 degrees is 13 cm. We're
trying to find the length of the side opposite the known angle of 60 degrees. Thus,
we need to use TOA, or tangent (tan), which uses opposite and adjacent. Therefore,
our equation will be:

Tan 60 = x/13

The tan of 60 is 1.7321, which makes the equation:

1.7321 = x/13

Solve for x to get:

x = (1.7321) * (13) = 22.52

So, the length of side x is 22.52 cm.

III. Application
1. The teacher will group the students into two and ask them to measure the
height of the classroom using the clinometer from different distance.
2. Ask them to compare the results according to their computation.

V. Evaluation
Choose the best answer.
1.

2.
3.

VI. Assessment
Answer exercises 1.1 on the book. Write it in long bond paper.