First Trip to Europe
Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882
a. He left for Spain with the blessings of his
brother Paciano and his uncle, Antonio
Rivera.
b. He decided not to seek his parent’s
blessing knowing they would never have
approved of his plan.
c. He secured endorsement from Pedro
Paterno.
Arrival in Spain
 He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital
of the Spanish province, Cataluña.
According to him, the people were
indifferent and he arrived during the
summer vacation of the students.
 In this city, he found out that the people
of the city enjoyed freedom and
liberalism.
 He wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog.
(“Amor Patrio”, “Los Viajes”, and
“Revista de Madrid”)
 He meets his classmate from Ateneo at
the Plaza de Cataluña.
Madrid
 He enrolled at the Universidad Central
de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He
enrolled in in Medicine and Philosophy
and Letters.
 He took course at the Academy of San
Carlos (Painting, sculpting, and
Languages)
 He took private lessons at the Hall of
Sanz and Carbonell in Shooting and
Fencing.
 Important people he met: Dr. Miguel
Morayta, an advocate of freedom and
self-determination/ Students from
South America hailed Dr. Morayta as
their champion. He joined his students
and other supporters to this end.
 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a Spanish liberal
who used to live in the Philippines.
 Jose Rizal Joined the Circulo Hispano
Filipino
 It was a social organization where the
members talked on the reforms needed
in the Philippines.
 This group was mostly made up of elder
Filipinos who were the exiles of 1872.
 It held informal programs which
included poetry reading and debates.
 Jose Rizal joined freemansonry.
 He became a member and his masonic
name was “Dimasalang”
 Freemasonry was an organization
outlawed by the Catholic Church
because its beliefs are contrary to the
doctrines of the Church.
 A mason’s view is that knowledge should
be achieved by the light of reason and
universal brotherhood of men. Rizal
Adopted the masonic view.
 Masonry attacked the Church because
they believed it promoted religious
superstition and obscurantism, hiding
truth behind the veil of religion.
 He was an avid book collector. He
scrimped on food and clothes, and lived
in modest accommodations but he
bought books. Important books he
collected: Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Works of
Alexandre Dumas, The Wandering Jew
written by Eugene Sue, Lives of the
Presidents of the United States from
George Washington to Andrew Johnson,
and The Complete Works of Horace (3
Volumes)
Events on June 25, 1884
 Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for
his painting Spoliarium whle Felix
Ressureccion Hidalgo took the second
place for his painting Virgines
Christianas Expuestas al Populacho
(Christian Virgins Exposed to the
Population).
 The Filipino painters joined the National
Exposition of Fine Arts.
 Jose Rizal gave a speech in a public
audience saying that Luna and Hidalgo
were the pride of the Filipino people:
 that genius is not a monopoly of any race
their prizes were products of both the
Philippines and Spain. He voiced the
hope that, someday, Spain will grant the
reforms needed by the Filipinos.
 This speech was published in the
newspaper El Liberal. This reached the
Philippines and there were elements in
the Philippines who were not pleased
with this development.
Completion of His Studies
 He completed his Licenciado en
Medicina on June 21, 1884. He did not
even have his Doctorate in Medicine
because he did not present the thesis
required for graduation. He can practice
medicine with the acquisition of this
degree but he cannot teach medicine.
 He finished his studies in Philosophy and
Letters and obtained the degree
Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with the
rating of sobresaliente.
He started writing the novel Noli Me
Tangere when he was still a student at the
Central University of Madrid.
 He was inspired to write after reading
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher
Stowe. This book is about hardship of
the black slaves and awakened in him his
inherent love and concern for the
afflicted.
 On January 2, 1884, the Filipino
expatriates had a meeting at the house
of the Paterno brothers. It was during
this meeting that the Filipinos who
attended agreed to write a novel about
the Philippines. These were Pedro
Paterno, Maximo Paterno, Antonio
Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo
Aguirre, and Eduardo de Lete.
 The paln did not materialize and Jose
Rizal was left to write the novel. He
started writing in Madrid and he
continued to write while he was in
France and Germany. Final revisions
were made in Berlin.
 He could not afford the printing cost but
was saved by his friend, Maximo Viola.
He lent Jose $5,300, the needed amount
for the first 2,000 copies of the novel.
 On March 29, 1887, the novel was
printed in Berlin. The first recipients of
the novel were Dr. Ferdinand
Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor,
Graciano Lopez Jaina, Mariano Ponce,
and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
 As a way of showing his appreciation, he
gave the original manuscript of the Noli
Me Tangere and a complimentary copy
of Maximo Viola.
 Jose Rizal explained the title :Noli Me
Tangere” means “Touch Me Not.” This
was from the bible, from the Gospel of
St. John.
 The book was dedicated to the
Philippines, his fatherland.
Paris, France
 He arrived in Paris on November 1885.
 He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de
Weckert.
 He found time to be with his friends,
Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna, and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo.
 He posed for Juan Luna’s paintings.
 Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and
“La Deportacion”
Germany (On February 1886, he arrived in
Heidelberg, an old university town.)
 He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto
Becker at the University Eye Hospital. He
Listened to the lectures of Dr. Becker
and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne. He wrote the
poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg.”
 He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in
Wilhelmsfeld where he lived with
Protestant pastor Karl Ulmer to perfect
his ability to speak German.
 He started his correspondence with
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, the
Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria.
 He sent a book to prof. Blumentritt, returned to Spain. Rizal continued to
Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar. Rome, Italy.
 In Marseilles, France, he boarded
Germany (On August 1886, he arrived in Liepzig) Djemnah to Saigon, Vietnam and finally,
 He met Prof. Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Manila. He arrived in Manila.
hans Meyer who rote a book on the
Philippines.
 He translated Schiller’s William Tell to
Tagalog. The book narrates how the
Swiss attained their independence in a
peaceful manner.
 He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s
Fairy Tales to Tagalog for his nephews
and nieces.

Germany (On October 29, 1886, he arrived in

Dresden)
 He saw the painting of Raphael, the
Sistine Madonna.
 At the Zoological, Anthropological and
Ethnographic Museum, he saw the
collection on the Philippines.

Berlin
 He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who wrote
Travels in the Philippines.
 He met Dr. Drs. Rudolf and his son, Hans
Virchow, two known German
anthropologist; Dr. W. Joest; and Dr.
Ernest Schweigger, a known
ophthalmologist.
 He became a member of the
Anthropological Society, the
Ethnographic Society, and the
Geographic Society. His paper entitled
“Tagalische Verkunst” was delivered
before the members. He was accepted
and became a respected member.
 He made the final revisions on the novel
Noli Me Tangere. On March 29, 1887,
the novel was finally printed.
 He went to Prague to visit the tomb of
Nicolaus Copernicus.

Departure from Europe

 In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola
and Jose Rizal parted ways. Viola