Journal 1

Author/Year/Title/Journal Maria-Magdalena LUPU

2017
Managerial Communication Influence On The Organizations
Volume 6, Issue 1(10), 2017

Objectives The study had the following objectives:

- Analysis of managerial communication in the institution;
- Analysis of the measures taken to improve communication
within the public institution.

Key Constructs and Dimension managerial communication, Use of Knowledge, organizations.

Methods For this research, quantitative empirical research was conducted

by a poll. Data were collected by interview, using the
investigation face to face. Data collection instrument used was a
questionnaire, which comprised 12 questions and item
identification data. Questions were grouped into areas of analysis
that may allow a precise radiographic reality regarding the
influence of managerial communication on public and private
activities in South Region. Research using semantic differential
four-speed version. Interpretation of responses to the
questionnaire prepared for this study was performed using Excel.
Research hypotheses:
I - managers of public institutions have real concerns for
improving communication;
II - managers overestimate the effectiveness of communication
practiced in public institutions.
Findings By grouping the questions contained in the questionnaire, the
study took into account the analysis of the
following areas:
A. Analysis of managerial communication
The communication skills of a manager depend very often the
quality of subordinates and the progress of
whole organizations. If a manager cannot find the most
appropriate way to present as clear and concise
instructions, he may not have high expectations for the results
of executants. Most managers respondents (71.9%) have
encountered this problem only rarely (67.65%) or never
(4.25%). But nearly a third of managers (28.11%) met the
obstacle of communication often (20.92%) and very
often (7.19%).
B. Analysis of the measures taken to improve communication
A very important percentage of the managers (63.4%) know the
importance of using communication plan, considering it useful
(46.08%) or very useful (17.32%). More than a third of
respondents do not know or even just do not have in their
organization a communications strategy (12.75%) or are not yet
convinced of its benefits considering it less useful (23.86%). In
addition, most of the managers (62.75%) did not know the
value of social media channel of communication regarding it as
 less useful (57.52%). Instead, more than a third of them
(37.26%) consider social media very useful for organization
(27.78%) or only useful (9.48%).
C. Assessing the effectiveness of applied communication within
organizations
More than a third of respondents (37.91%) consider assessing
communication as less important or unimportant (6.54%). At the
other extreme, more than half of the interviewed managers
recognize the value of communication assessment considering it
important (30.07%) and very important (25.49%).
Your reflection Based on the research, I found that it is very important to have a
good communication practise which is very close to the ideal in
managerial communication. The manager need to fully
informed, to very well informed, about the needs of clients of
the organization they lead, and have the most effective method
of communicating with their subordinates. A good
communication skill will help the manager in understanding
better about their clients and serve the clients that meet their
expectations. Besides, the manager also need to know the
importance of communication plan. Most of the managers do
not know or just do not have at the organization that they lead a
communications strategy or are still not convinced of the
benefits of the communication plan, considering it less useful;
just as more than half of them consider working with
communication specialists to be unnecessary. Communication
plan is important as going through the communications planning
process will help the manager identify who they need to reach,
tell them what we want them to know, and how we will reach
them. Through planning, you will discover the most effective
ways to communicate with them because we will find that each
of your audiences has unique characteristics, needs, and
motivations. Other than that, the managers in organization also
need to know and make used of social media as communication
tools. Social media is one of the most effective and efficient way
to communicate and stay connected with key stakeholders and
customers. Social media is one of the most affective and
efficient way to communicate and stay connected with key
stakeholders and customers. Thus, the management need to
concern more on improving the communication within the
organization.
Journal 2

Author/Year/Title/Journal Marcel Pikhart

2017
Managerial Communication and Its Changes in The Global
Intercultural Business World
International Journal of Business Communication

Objectives The objectives of the journal were to find what the current trends of
business communication are and how these trends can be describe
so that they can be better understood.

Key Constructs and Dimensions Managerial Communications; business world; communication tools

Methodology The method used in this research was observations and

questionnaires. The data collected were both quantitative and
qualitative since the author has assessed to several Asian and
European multinational corporation and small and medium
enterprises as a consultant. Several interviews were conducted with
the top and middle management of these companies as well to find
out the level of awareness of the situation in the global market
regarding the communication principles and standards.
Findings The people responsible for intercultural business communication are
usually not aware of the potentials pitfall. Almost everyone has
agreed that the quantity of transferred information has increased
dramatically versus the quality of the information. In addition, the
language competencies of the middle and top management of these
companies were on a good level or even very good level but the
intercultural communication competencies were neglected. Just a
few companies offered training of intercultural communication for
the management. The business communication has changed
radically as confirmed by the majority of respondents usually
complaining on the unprecedented increase of the volume of
information, the quantity versus the quality of information is
perceived in a very negative way. Besides, the virtual electronic
communication has led to quantitatively unlimited stream of dozens
to hundreds to emails a day, which causes significant problems in
maintaining the communication in a manageable way. The
important of the information is lost during the process of the
process of the transfer of the information due to improper use of
the modern communication means.
Your Reflection Based on the research, I found that managerial training for
intercultural communication abilities is a must for anyone who does
international business. This is because the research results obviously
show the urge of the current world to be able to communicate in
the intercultural world efficiently and use modern communication
tools so that they facilitate the communication and not blur the
message which is intended to be transferred. Thus, intercultural
communication training is incredibly important to breaking down
cultural barriers and building awareness of cultural norms, as well as
enhancing self-awareness and communication skills. This form of
 communication allows individuals to adapt their skill set to meet the
intercultural collaboration needs that global businesses value.

Journal 3

Author/Year/Title/Journal Prof. Shikha Bhardwaj, Ms. Varsha Sharma, Ms. Deepshikha

2017
Study on Managerial Communication in Multicultural Workplace
International Journal of Business Communication
Objectives The main objective of the study was to determine variables
affecting managerial communication in multicultural workplaces.
The covert objective was to understand issues and challenges
faced by team in multicultural organisations with reference to
communication.

Key Constructs and Dimensions Multicultural communication, managerial communication, verbal

and nonverbal communication, strategic
competence, communication skills.

Methods The research was drawn on Meta inferences collected

from primary and secondary sources. Secondary sources
contributed in identifying the variables, which were further used
to prepare a questionnaire, conducted face to face interviews,
recorded and transcript to reach to conclusions. Four variables
identified were – Strategic competence, Verbal Communication,
Non-verbal Communication and skills. The questionnaire consists
of three questions under each variable. Due to uniqueness of the
study, data was collected through face-to face interview with
structured questionnaire. The interview happened to be of 45
minute approximately wherein each question was explained and
response was recorded. Respondents were categorically chosen
from multicultural team to address the issue in right perspective.
Content analysis of response was used in thematic manner to
reach out to results.
Findings On the basis of data collection through interview, a thematic
pattern of answer was created to further code and give
meaningful results. For the first variable which is strategic
competence, demographic setup builds foundation for
multicultural dynamism such as age, nationality, ethnicity and etc.
While for the second variable for verbal and non-verbal
communication, they find out that language, use of words, tones,
speech, body language, distance and semantic barriers holds high
importance in multicultural team because of heterogeneity.
Besides, for skill variable, many initiatives must be practised to
make multicultural team effective. A lot informal engagements
plays important role in building coordination and trust among
members. For the last variable which is culture, they found out
conducive culture along with communication hassles strategic
formation for team may lead to better conflict resolution.
 Your Reflection Based on the study, I learned that in the multicultural workplace,
cultural barriers to communication abound. Besides the obvious
difficulty in understanding people whose language is different,
there are other factors that challenge people who are trying to
work harmoniously with others of a different background. Various
challenges may occur when using verbal communication to
express oneself. Misunderstandings can arise because of poor
word choice, differing perspectives and faulty communication
techniques, and subjective opinions regarding acceptable language
may result in breakdowns in communication. Language barriers
are a major cause of confusion when communicate verbally and
nonverbally. But with strategic competence and skills of building a
friendly culture, the barrier may be converted into strength. Also
the multicultural workplace must apply skills of adaptability,
flexibility, training and monitoring to reduce differences. Respect
each other and learning more about other lifestyles and cultures
helps people avoid conflict in communication, particularly in
multicultural settings.

Journal 4

Author/Year/Title/Journal
José Luís Guedes dos Santos, Adelina Giacomelli Prochnow, Dalva
Cezar da Silva, Sonia da Silva Reis Cassettari, Soeli Teresinha
Guerra, Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann
2012
Managerial communication in hospital nursing: obstacles and how
to overcome them
Online Brazilian Journal Of Nursing ; 11(2):392-407

Objectives The aim of this study is to identify and understand the

communication difficulties facing nurses in their management role
in the hospital context, and to identify the strategies to overcome
these difficulties.

Key Constructs and Dimensions Management; Nursing Supervision; Hospital Nursing

Methods This is an exploratory-descriptive study using a qualitative

approach. The setting for this research is a university hospital in
the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data was collected using
vignette techniques and semi-structured interviews. The vignette
was based on a hypothetical situation that described the “ideal”
communication process for work, management and nursing in a
hospital environment, prompting the nurses to give their opinion
on the factors that hindered “ideal” communication in their
management routine. In the semi-structured interview, data was
initially gathered regarding the socio-professional characterization
of issues such as age; sex; nursing experience; period of time
working for the institute; period of time working at their present
position; academic credentials and participation in management
courses.
Findings Of the 19 study participants, all were women aged 31 to 69, with a
minimum of 6 years of experience, while 10 of them had 20 to 30
years of experience and had been working professionally in the
institute for at least 15 years. As for experience in their present
position, 11 of them had less than 1 year’s experience; only 4 did
not have any previous management experience.
As far as professional training was concerned, 16 nurses had a
Post-Graduate degree; 2 had a Master’s degree in nursing and the
rest were specialists, 6 of whom were specialized in healthcare
services management. In addition, 11 managers stated that they
had undertaken specific management courses that covered
communication skills.
Based on the interviews of the nurse managers, 2 topics were
analyzed:
1) Communication problems of nurse managers in a hospital
context
2) Strategies to improve communication of nursing management in
a hospital context.
Your reflection Based on the research, I found that it is very crystal clear that
managerial communication, as a complex process that involves
least 2 people meeting to exchange information, is not always
successful. In other words, it does not always achieve the
desired outcome. Most of the time, other intervening factors in
the management process associated with being a nurse comes first
in the list of priorities, relegating communication to a supporting
role in the person’s decision-making. As a result,
conditions are not always suitable for communicating or even
understanding a message. The fragmentation of work processes in
the hospital was the main problem mentioned by
the nurse managers. This problem may be related to the limited
amount of collective space available for planning, discussing and
evaluating the tasks carried out in the work environment. Most of
the time, each healthcare professional performs their activities in
an isolated way, focusing on their own knowledge, thus hindering
teamwork and an effective communication process. Furthermore,
the different status and hierarchical levels occupied by healthcare
professionals in a hospital context can hinder communication and
interactive processes. Besides, Resistance to change and work
team involvement were also pointed out by nurse managers as the
problems that hinder the quality of the communication process. In
my opinion, communication training and workshops, the
formalization of actions and conduct and the optimization of
verbal and written communication can help to overcome these
problem. This is because the study shows the need for nurses to
improve their skills in managerial communication through a more
theoretical understanding of the elements of the communication
process, as well as the importance of interpersonal relationships
and the development of people skills for successful managerial
communication in hospital nursing.
Journal 5

Author/Year/Title/Journal Pia Lappalainen

2017
Managerial Communication as an Emerging
Pedagogical Focus in Engineering
International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) Vol. 7,
No. 2, 2017
Objectives To explore the characteristics of effective industrial
leadership, this work embarked on a quantitative effort to
investigate requirements posed on leaders.

Key Constructs and Dimensions industrial leadership, management behaviour, personality,

socio-emotional competence

Methods The present research focused on examining today’s leader

requirements in industry. The ultimate aim was to support
organizational HR processes, particularly recruitment and
competence development. The survey asked for
1) respondent details (age, gender, and experience from
supervisory tasks),
2) respondents’ industry or field, and
3) respondent insights into supervisory requirements
The survey was devised with the Webropol tool. An online
survey link was emailed to corporate HR managers, who then
forwarded the invitation email to their staff. Responding
took approximately 20 minutes.
Findings The results from the sample of 503 respondents to the online
survey indicate no major differences can be found between
male and female respondents. Nine out of ten items were
identical on the two rankings, with only one difference:
where men viewed “admits his/her mistakes” as an essential
leader requirement, women prioritized “remains calm and
collected even in crises”. In addition, respondents’
managerial experience did not induce major differences in
responses, either. Eight out of the ten items on the top ten
list are identical, with only two differences: those with
managerial experience value “inspiration and motivation”
and the ability to “communicate clearly and unambiguously”,
whereas those with no experience in managerial roles
prioritized the ability to “remain calm and collected even in
crises” and “practical, hands-on, field-related expertise”.
 Your Reflection Based on the study, I found that post-modern employees
recognize that the fundamental task of leadership is
emotional, to prime good feeling in those they lead by
creating resonance that allows the best in people to be
unleashed. This good feeling in the community facilitates the
build-up of a reservoir of positivity, which brings added value
as the decisive factor driving productivity and the overall
performance of the organization. In addition, this study also
showed that the most accentuated expectations are directed
to leaders’ self-leadership ability; the most crucial
component of managerial interaction seems to be the ability
to control one’s behaviour in a way that conveys balance,
warmth and stability as this promotes approachability and
ensures communication of critical information also bottom-
up. Besides, by demonstrating self-leadership, the leader can
serve as an example in accepting one’s weaknesses,
apologizing for one’s mistakes, accepting criticism and
appreciating others’ successes and effort, but also in
motivating oneself for competence development, resilience
and personal growth. Further, motivational and inspirational
leader communication styles, active listening skills, and
spreading of positive energy and passion for the
organizational mission are known to contagiously infect the
work community with joy of work and dedication and
elevated levels of achievement and performance.
Thus, in order for this to materialize, the engineering
education needs to incorporate themes such as self-
leadership and self-reflection into the degree curricula to
ensure a solid basis for constructive dialogue and positive
communication in industries. Be-sides serving engineering
communities through more versed and effective leadership,
such a reform will allow engineering graduates, be they
leaders or subordinates, to lead more satisfactory and
productive lives characterized by warm relationships and
genuine interaction.

Overall Reflection

In conclusion, it is essential for the managers to communicate amongst themselves and also
with their team members. It is important not only to communicate but effectively communicate.
Effective communication is the key to success in today’s world. Thus, having a good managerial
communication skill in organization is very important. This is because managerial communication is a
function which helps managers communicate with each other as well as with employees within the
organization. Communication will help in the transfer of information from one party also called the
sender to the other party called the receiver. The message has to be clear and well understood in
effective communication. A good managerial communication skill is even more important to practise
in a multicultural and intercultural organization of company. By practising a good managerial
communication, it will help in the smooth flow of information among managers working towards a
common goal despite all the differences that exist as communication barriers between the team
members in the organization. Thus, management level need to concern and invest more in
developing and providing training of communications skill for their employees to improve
communication within the organization.