Magnetic Property

Measurement System®
SQUID VSM Ultra-Low Field
Option User’s Manual

Part Number 1505-550, A0

Quantum Design
6325 Lusk Boulevard
San Diego, CA 92121
USA
Technical support (858) 481-4400
(800) 289-6996
Fax (858) 481-7410

First edition of manual completed March 2010.

Trademarks
All product and company names appearing in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
C O N T E N T S

Table of Contents
PREFACE
Contents and Conventions .....................................................................................................vi
P.1 Overview...................................................................................................................................... vi
P.2 Scope of the Manual .................................................................................................................... vi
P.3 Contents in the Manual ................................................................................................................ vi
P.4 Safety Guidelines and Regulatory Information........................................................................... vii

CHAPTER 1
Low Field Option Hardware............................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Option Overview........................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2.1 Differences between a Low-Field setup and a Standard System ...................................... 1-2
1.2.2 Theory of Operation.......................................................................................................... 1-3
1.3 Option Hardware Description .................................................................................................... 1-5
1.3.1 Fluxgate Magnetometer .................................................................................................... 1-5
1.3.2 Fluxgate Storage and Zeroing Fixture .............................................................................. 1-6
1.3.3 SVSM Ultra-Low Field Module ....................................................................................... 1-7

CHAPTER 2
Ultra-Low Field Option Software ...................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Ultra-Low Field Wizard............................................................................................................. 2-2

CHAPTER 3
Typical Applications and Advice........................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Measurements ............................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.3 Magnetic Field Considerations .................................................................................................. 3-1
3.3.1 Reported Magnet Field ..................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.2 Magnet Reconditioning..................................................................................................... 3-3

APPENDIX A
Trouble Shooting ................................................................................................................ A-1
A.1 Nulling ...................................................................................................................................... A-1

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Contents
Table of Contents

APPENDIX B
Ordering Replacement Parts ..............................................................................................B-1

APPENDIX C
Specifications and Interconnects ....................................................................................... C-1

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 Contents
Table of Figures and Tables

Figures
Figure 1-1. SQUID VSM system installed with ULF option (Door and monitor arm not
pictured) .................................................................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1-2. Ultra-Low Field Option Block Diagram ................................................................... 1-3
Figure 1-3. SVSM ULF Fluxgate Magnetometer ........................................................................ 1-5
Figure 1-4. Front panel of the Model CM-J SVSM ULF Module............................................... 1-7
Figure 1-5. Back panel of the model CM-J SVSM ULF Module................................................ 1-7

Figure 2-1. Ultra-Low Field status display in the MultiVu Control Center ................................ 2-1
Figure 2-2. Ultra-Low Field Wizard Menu ................................................................................. 2-2
Figure 2-3. Ultra-Low Field Wizard Welcome Screen................................................................ 2-3
Figure 2-4. Ultra-Low Field Wizard Options .............................................................................. 2-3
Figure 2-5. Ultra-Low Field Wizard initial field ......................................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-6. Nulled field display................................................................................................... 2-5

Figure 3-1. Field Status Bar......................................................................................................... 3-2

Figure 3-2. Current driver shutdown menu and sequence command .......................................... 3-3
Figure 3-3. Magnet Reconditioning............................................................................................. 3-4

Figure C-1. Ultra-Low Field Option Interconnects (No AC Option installed) ........................... C-1
Figure C-2. Ultra-Low Field Option Interconnects (with AC Option installed) ......................... C-2

Tables

Table B-1. Table for Ordering Replacement Parts..................................................................... B-1

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P R E F A C E

Contents and Conventions

P.1 Overview
In this chapter we describe the scope of the manual, the conventions used and most importantly
the safety guidelines. Since the SQUID VSM oven option is a component in a system that uses
cryogens and high power components, we strongly recommend being aware of all hazards in
order to prevent injuries and system damage.

P.2 Scope of the Manual

This manual explains how to use the SVSM Oven option hardware and software and how to
perform basic system maintenance and troubleshooting.

P.3 Conventions in the Manual

File menu Bold text identifies the names of menus, dialogs, options, buttons, and panels used
in the SQUID VSM MultiVu software.
File > Open The > symbol indicates that you select multiple, nested software options.
.dat The Courier font indicates file, directory names, and computer code.
Important Text is set off in this manner to signal essential information that is directly related
to the completion of a task.
Note Text is set off in this manner to signal supplementary information about the current
task; the information may primarily apply in special circumstances.

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Section P.4 Preface
Conventions in the Manual Contents and Conventions

This symbol signals specific caution or conditions that could result in system
damage, bodily harm, or loss of life.

This symbols signals electrical hazards that could result in bodily harm, or loss
of life. Used at all accessible 200-230 V power outlets.

This symbol signals cryogenic hazards that could result in bodily harm and
loss of life. Used wherever accessible parts could reach temperatures below
0°C (32°F).

This symbol signals hot surface hazards that could result in bodily harm and
loss of life. Used wherever accessible parts could reach temperatures above
60°C (140°F).

This symbol signals information on fusing.

P.4 Safety Guidelines and Regulatory Information

Before using this product, please read the entire content of this User’s Manual and observe all
instructions, warnings and cautions. These are provided to help you understand how to safely and
properly use the SQUID VSM and its options and how to reach its best performance.
Quantum Design Inc. disclaims any liability for damage to the system or injury resulting from
misuse or improper operation of the system. Please contact your Quantum Design representative
for any service issues.
This product is NOT operator-serviceable.

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Preface Section P.4
Contents and Conventions Conventions in the Manual

Observe the following safety guidelines when you use your system:
o In case of emergency, switch the power off at the rear of the main cabinet or unplug the
main power cords from the laboratory power outlet.

o To prevent electrical shock, unplug the system before you install it, adjust it, or service it.

o For continued protection against fire hazard, electric shock and irreversible system
damage, replace fuses only with same type and rating of fuses for selected line voltage.
Information about user-accessible fuses and their replacement is summarized in
Appendix A.3.9 of your SVSM System User’s manual.

o Direct contact with cryogenic liquids, materials recently removed from cryogenic liquids,
or exposure to the boil-off gas can freeze skin or eyes almost instantly, causing serious
injuries similar to frostbite or burns. Wear protective gear, including clothing, insulated
gloves, and eye protection, when you handle cryogenic liquids.

o Transfer cryogenic liquids only in areas that have adequate ventilation and a supply of
fresh air. Nitrogen and helium gas can displace the oxygen in a confined space or room,
resulting in asphyxiation, dizziness, unconsciousness, or death.

o Keep this system away from radiators and heat sources. Provide adequate ventilation to
allow for cooling around the cabinet and pump console. The distance between the system
and wall should be at least 30 cm. (12 inches) in each direction. Do not obstruct the
ventilation openings on the top of the cabinet.

o Do not obstruct the ventilation outlet located on the left side of the pump console and air
intake at the rear. The clearance around the pump console should be at least 20 cm. (8
inches) in each direction.

o Do not obstruct or pinch the pump exhaust line located at the rear of the pump console.

o Refer to the manuals for the pump and monitor for additional safety warnings and
notices.

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C H A P T E R 1

Low Field Option Hardware

1.1 Introduction
This section contains the following information:

• Section 1.2 provides an overview of the basic functions and setup for the Ultra-Low Field
Option.

• Section 1.3 describes the hardware necessary for the Ultra-Low Field Option.

1.2 Option Overview

The SQUID SVSM Ultra-Low Field option actively cancels residual magnetic flux in the
superconducting solenoid so samples can be measured in an accurate field up to ±5 Gauss. The
most common application of this option is to perform zero-field measurements, where “zero-
field” is defined as a field smaller than ±0.05 Gauss within a field uniformity window of up to
±10 mm around the center position of the sample.
The Option is composed of a dedicated module and a fluxgate magnetometer specifically
designed for this application. In basic operation, the SQUID VSM measures the residual field
profile along the solenoid’s longitudinal axis using the fluxgate and then nulls it by setting a DC
field, using compensation coils installed in the main superconducting solenoid.

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Section 1.2 Chapter 1
Option Overview Low Field Option Hardware

1.2.1 Differences between a Low-Field setup and a Standard System

ULF CAN
Module
Fluxgate
Cable

Driver Cable

Fluxgate
Magnetometer

Bracket

Mu-Metal
Shield

Figure 1-1. SQUID VSM system installed with ULF option. (Door and monitor arm not pictured.)

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Chapter 1 Section 1.2
Low Field Option Hardware Option Overview

The Low Field Option is designed to seamlessly integrate into the normal operation of the SVSM
system. A dedicated CAN module, the ULF module (Model CM-J) drives the compensation
coils and reads the fluxgate magnetometer. The module plugs into one of the low power bays of
the SVSM module tower (see Figure 3-3 in the main SVSM User’s Manual). The driver cable
connects the module to the coils and the fluxgate cable connects the module to the fluxgate
magnetometer.
The fluxgate magnetometer has two locations: When stored and calibrated it is suspended on a
bracket located alongside of the system cabinet (as shown in Figure 1-1); when in use for
profiling the field it is inserted into the system.
The following block diagram provides an overview of the ULF Option hardware which is
described in more detail in section 1.3.

CAN ULF FIELD

PC FLUXGATE
NETWORK MODULE READBACK

COMPENSATION
COIL CURRENT
COMPENSATION
COIL

COMPENSATION
FIELD
REMANENT NET
MAGNET
FIELD FIELD
Figure 1-2. Ultra-Low Field Option Block Diagram

1.2.2 Theory of Operation

The Low Field Option is designed to zero the magnetic field to better than ±0.05 Gauss over an
uniformity window of up to ±10mm around the magnet center. In addition, it also allows
applying fields up to ±5 Gauss at the magnet center with an accuracy of ±(0.02 Gauss + 0.5% of
applied field). This field uniformity is achieved by compensating the remanent magnetic fields in
the main solenoid using built-in compensation coils. The key task of the option is to determine
the currents that will be applied to the compensation coils in order to achieve the desired ultra-
low field with the specified accuracy.

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Section 1.2 Chapter 1
Option Overview Low Field Option Hardware

The following flow chart summarizes the typical procedure, which is incorporated in the Ultra-
Low Field wizard (section 2.3):

Field Zeroing Centering

Profiling Nulling
Reset Fluxgate Fluxgate

Field Reset: As a first step the magnet field should get reset either by a standard reset (quench the
remanent field by driving the magnet normal) or by oscillating the field from 1 Tesla down to
zero. More details are provided in section 3.1. The reset will ensure that the remanent field is
within ±5 Gauss and that history dependent fluxcreep is eliminated.
Zeroing fluxgate: The next step is to ensure that the fluxgate zero reference is accurate. For that
purpose the fluxgate sensor is placed into the provided Mu-metal enclosure and calibrated to
provide a true zero field reading. The Mu-metal enclosure shields the earth magnetic field as
well as external stray fields up to 20 Oe generated by nearby devices.
Centering fluxgate: After zeroing, the fluxgate is installed into the sample chamber for centering.
Centering finds the position of the fluxgate sensor relative to the center of the gradiometer – the
SQUID pick-up loop. This is where the sample position will be centered when measuring.
Profiling: The VSM motor will drive the fluxgate sensor along the longitudinal axis of the
superconducting solenoid and measure the remanent field profile over a length up to 50 mm.
Nulling: Based on the profile, the Option software will determine the compensation fields to be
applied by the compensation coils in order to counter the remanent field within a field uniformity
window of typically ±10 mm around the center position. Once the compensating fields are set,
the option profiles the magnet again to verify that the field is within specifications. “Nulling” is
defined by accurately setting an absolute field up to ±5 Gauss with the specified uniformity
around the magnet center.
Measuring: The field is initialized and the fluxgate can be removed. The system is at room
temperature and ready for measuring. Note that the compensation coils will be driven during
measurement in order to counter the remanent field. More information is provided in section 3.1.

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Chapter 1 Section 1.3
Low Field Option Hardware Option Hardware Description

1.3 Option Hardware Description

In the following section we describe each option hardware component.

1.3.1 Fluxgate Magnetometer

The fluxgate magnetometer is the device used to profile the magnetic field along the longitudinal
axis of the main solenoid with high precision. The fluxgate cable must be connected to the top of
the rod and the rod installed in the sample chamber.

Figure 1-3. SVSM ULF Fluxgate Magnetometer.

The key components of the Fluxgate magnetometer are described below:

o Electrical Connection

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Section 1.3 Chapter 1
Option Hardware Description Low Field Option Hardware

The top of the rod has a 4 pin connector which is used to connect the fluxgate sensor to
the ULF module.
o Magnetic Lock
The lock contains six small, very strong magnets that attach the oven sample rod to the
armature of the linear motor transport during measurement. Apply caution to keep the
magnets clean and prevent them from contacting any magnetic objects or debris.
o Fluxgate Rod
The rod is made of carbon fiber and fragile. Use caution when storing and handling.
o Fluxgate Sensor
The fluxgate sensor is housed in the cylindrical carbon fiber tube at the base of the rod. This
portion of the rod is extremely sensitive. Special caution should be taken to make sure it is
kept clean and is handled carefully.

1.3.2 Fluxgate Storage and Zeroing Fixture

As shown in Figure 1-1, A bracket featuring a double layer Mu-Metal shield is provided for
calibration and safe storage of the fluxgate magnetometer. The Mu-Metal shield is used to
establish zero field conditions for calibration of the fluxgate. Make sure to keep anything from
falling into the Mu-metal shield as especially magnetic material will cause the field inside the
shield to no longer be accurate.

CAUTION!
o The fluxgate magnetometer should be used at room temperature only. Any attempts to use the
fluxgate magnetometer at cryogenic temperatures may result in damage to the SVSM system.
o The fluxgate magnetometer is designed to measure fields up to ±10 G. If the fluxgate sensor is
exposed to fields significantly higher than ±10 G it may result in instability and subsequent
inaccurate measurements.
o To avoid damage to the fluxgate sensor hold the rod by the magnetic lock or tapered portion of the
carbon rod. Always store the fluxgate properly inserted into storage bracket and Mu-Metal
enclosure (see Figure 1.1).
o When extracting the fluxgate from the system or the Mu-Metal enclosure ensure that the sensor is
fully extracted before aiming for the next location.
o Stray fields generated by external devices larger than 20 Oe in the vicinity of the zeroing fixture
(Mu-metal enclosure) will affect the fluxgate calibration accuracy.

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Chapter 1 Section 1.3
Low Field Option Hardware Option Hardware Description

1.3.3 SVSM Ultra-Low Field Module

The Ultra-Low Field Module CM-J reads the field from the fluxgate sensor and sets currents into
the compensation coils. All configuration and control of this module is through MultiVu
application software on the computer via the CAN-bus connector on the back panel of the
module.

Figure 1-4. Front panel of the Model CM-J SVSM ULF Module.

The Low Field Module has 3 connections on the front plate. The compensation coils connection
JJ-1 should be connected to JQA-3 on the Module Controller using cable 3101-402. The fluxgate
is connected to JJ-2 using cable 3084-723 (see Appendix C).

Figure 1-5. Back panel of the model CM-J SVSM ULF Module.

The ULF module is a low power module and should be inserted into a low power module bay as
instructed in the main system manual section 3.2
Note: If the SVSM AC option is installed on the system, the compensation coils will be driven
by the AC module (model CM-J) instead of the ULF module. Cable 3101-402 will be
connected between JK-3 on the AC module and JQA-3 on the Module Controller. (See
Appendix C).

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C H A P T E R 2

Ultra-Low Field Option Software

2.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:
• Section 2.2 describes the software changes of the ULF Option compared to a standard
system
• Section 2.3 provides an overview of the ULF wizard and user parameters.

2.2 Overview
The Ultra-Low Field option software integrates seamlessly with the MultiVu software. If you
have a SVSM with the Ultra-Low Field option installed, the software will automatically be
available from within the application. The status of the Ultra-Low Field option will be displayed
in the MultiVu Control Center.

Figure 2-1. The Ultra-Low Field status display in the MultiVu Control Center.

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Section 2.3 Chapter 2
Ultra-Low Field Wizard Ultra-Low Field Option Software

2.3 Ultra-Low Field Wizard

Advice: Prior to running the wizard it is recommended to center the sample of interest. This
ensures that your sample will be properly centered once you are ready to measure the moment at
low fields and is of particular interest when measurements start in a state of no measurable
moment (See Section 3).

WARNING!

DO NOT disconnect the cable from the fluxgate while running

the wizard.

The Ultra-Low Field wizard has two primary functions, profiling and nulling. To start the
wizard select Utilities>Ultra Low Field Option>Wizard (Figure 2-2). After clicking next on the
welcome screen the wizard offers 3 options: Profile Field, Zero Magnetic Field and Uninstall
Fluxgate (Figure 2-3).

Figure 2-2. Ultra-Low Field Wizard menu.

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Chapter 2 Section 2.3
Ultra-Low Field Option Software Ultra-Low Field Wizard

Figure 2-3. Ultra-Low Field wizard welcome screen

Figure 2-4. Ultra-Low Field wizard options

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Section 2.3 Chapter 2
Ultra-Low Field Wizard Ultra-Low Field Option Software

o Profiling the Magnetic Field

This option will provide the profile of the magnetic field only.
o Nulling the Magnetic Field
This option will profile the magnet first and allow the user to set a magnetic field.
o Uninstalling the Fluxgate
This option will provide guidance for removing the fluxgate and prepare for a sample
measurement.
o Enable Magnet Quench
When “Enable Magnet Quench” is selected the wizard will perform a magnet reset as
part of the nulling process. This will help ensure that there is a minimal remanent field.
For more details on resetting the magnet consult section 3.3.2.

Figure 2-5. Ultra-Low Field wizard initial field.

After selecting the Nulling option, the fluxgate gets centered and the wizard displays the Nulling
screen. There are two options, window size and target field. The window size can be set from 0
to 10 mm. The target field can be between –5 and +5G. After choosing your settings click
continue and the wizard will drive the field to the selected value within the window chosen.
If the field is not a satisfactory shape you can press retry to attempt improving it.
Selecting Display charts in MultiVu will present you with the data from the calibration,
centering, compensation coil currents, and all profiles.

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Chapter 2 Section 2.3
Ultra-Low Field Option Software Ultra-Low Field Wizard

Figure 2-6. Nulled field display.

The green box displays the conditions for an acceptable profile. Along the x-axis the box
displays the field uniformity region. On the y-axis the box is centered on the Target Field, with
the upper and lower bounds of ±0.05Gauss. The average field and maximum deviation only
reference values in the nulling region. Maximum deviation is measured from the target field.
After uninstalling the fluxgate and exiting the wizard, the system is ready for measurements.
Details are provided in the next chapter.

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C H A P T E R 3

Typical Applications and Advice

3.1 Introduction
This section provides some advice and detail information on various topics such as the appropriate
way to perform zero-field measurements (Section 3.2) and magnetic field related aspects (Section
3.3).

3.2 Measurements
The Ultra-Low Field option provides an initial high precision field which can be used for field
sensitive samples.
The typical procedure for measuring is as follows:

Mount Center ULF Measure

Sample Sample Wizard Sample

The wizard will go through all necessary steps to prepare the system for the sample to be removed
and re-inserted. Special care should be taken to make sure the position of the sample is not changed,
and the orientation of the rod in the system is consistent.
The field set with the Ultra-Low Field wizard will not be affected by temperature changes inside the
sample chamber.

3.3 Magnetic Field Considerations

When aiming for high accuracy fields and in particular zero field, it is important to be aware of how
the compensation field is applied, what field gets reported in MultiVu and in the data file and how
the magnetic field gets reconditioned.

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Section 3.3 Chapter 3
Magnetic Field Considerations Typical Applications and Advice

3.3.1 Reported Magnet Field

Figure 3-1. Field status bar.

After running the Ultra-Low Field wizard the field status bar will report the true field at the magnet
center as measured by the flux gate, taking into account the correction for the remanent field. The
compensation field will be continuously applied until reset by running the wizard or until set to zero
by:
o Setting system into standby
o Shutting down MultiVu
o Manually shutting the current drivers down (Figure 3.2)
o Using the sequence command Measurement Commands>ULF>Shutdown Drivers (Figure
3.2)
At that point the reported field will be the field applied by the magnet power supply irrespective of
the remanent field trapped in the coil.
The accuracy of the magnetic field reported will be within Ultra-Low Field specifications
immediately after running the wizard. If a field is subsequently set using the main magnet, the
accuracy of the field will be subject to the regular SVSM specifications. If the compensating field
is set for over 24 hours it is possible that the field strayed from its original specification. It is
recommended to re-run the wizard.

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Chapter 3 Section 3.3
Typical Applications and Advice Magnetic Field Considerations

Figure 3-2. Current driver shutdown menu and sequence command.

3.3.2 Magnet Reconditioning

Depending on the magnet field ramping history prior of running the Ultra-Low Field wizard, the
fluxgate magnetometer might detect a large drift due to magnetic flux relaxation inside the magnet,
or a substantial remanent field. If this is the case the following dialog will appear:

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Section 3.3 Chapter 3
Magnetic Field Considerations Typical Applications and Advice

Figure 3-3. Magnet Reconditioning

Reset Magnet:
Resetting the magnet drives the magnetic field to zero and then applies heat to the magnet with an
integrated heater to drive the superconducting solenoid winding above their critical temperature.
Note that resetting the magnet can create a significant amount of helium boil-of.
Oscillate to Zero Magnetic Field:
Oscillating to zero magnetic field first drives the magnet to a field of one tesla and then oscillates it
to zero.
Resetting the magnet and oscillating it to zero will both provide similar end results. The
effectiveness of each procedure is dependent on the system. The option of which procedure is used
is left at the discretion of the user to make the choice based on the system history.

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A P P E N D I X A

Trouble Shooting

A.1 Nulling

o The magnet profile does not change while nulling. Check that cable 3101-402 is connected
properly, for instructions see section 1.3.3.
o The profile does not meet specifications. Try reconditioning the magnet by setting a large field
and oscillating to zero or resetting the magnet.

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A P P E N D I X B

Ordering Replacement Parts

Table B-1. Table for Ordering Replacement Parts

Part
Picture Name
Number

Fluxgate
4505-600
Magnetometer

Fluxgate
3084-723
Cable

Mod/Trim
3101-402
Cable

Bracket 4572-131

Mu-Metal
4049-030
Shield

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A P P E N D I X C

Specifications and Interconnects

ULTRA-LOW FIELD OPTION INTERCONNECTS (NO AC OPTION INSTALLED).

Module Bay Tower Magnetically

4506-100 Shielded Dewar

Fluxgate Control Fluxgate Magnetometer

Ultra-Low Field 3084-723
Module (CM-J) JJ-1 4506-600
4101-550
JJ-2
QD-CAN

Mod/trim Cable
3101-402

Module Bay
Power Drawer Magnet
(EM-QA) JQA-3
4506-050

Aux. Magnet 3503-010

Compensation Coils
USB

Cryogenic Insert
(Probe) (EM-QD)
4502-100
Control Computer USB
Running MultiVu Signal
4572-180 QD-CAN

Figure C-1. Ultra-Low Field Option Interconnects (No AC Option installed).

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 Appendix C
Specifications and Interconnects

ULTRA-LOW FIELD OPTION INTERCONNECTS (WITH AC OPTION INSTALLED).

Module Bay Tower Magnetically

4506-100 Shielded Dewar

Fluxgate Control Fluxgate Magnetometer

Ultra-Low Field 3084-723
Module (CM-J) JJ-1 4506-600
4101-550

AC
Module (CM-K)
4101-400 JK-3
QD-CAN

Mod/trim Cable
3101-402

Module Bay
Power Drawer Magnet
(EM-QA) JQA-3
4506-050

Aux. Magnet 3503-010

Compensation Coils
USB

Cryogenic Insert
(Probe) (EM-QD)
4502-100
Control Computer
Running MultiVu USB
4572-180 Signal
QD-CAN

Figure C-2. Ultra-Low Field Option Interconnects (with AC Option installed).

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