MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY 6.

PRINCIPLES OF A GOOD COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

Principle 1: Involve all sections of the

1. COMMUNITY- Is a group of people in a community
common settlement with particular
characteristics in common. Principle 2: Work on location

Principle 3: Visualize
 BUILDING COMMUNITIES
 PLANNING COMMUNITIES Principle 4: Communicate: use all available
media
 CREATING COMMUNITIES
Principle 5: Spend Money (takes time and
energy)
2. COMMUNITY PLANNING- Planning
carried out with the active 7.VALUE OF URBAN DESIGN AND COMMUNITY
participation of the end user ARCHITECTURE
3.PROJECT STAGES
A. ECONOMIC
A. Initiates a. Urban Growth and
Development
B. Plan b. Long term cost benefits
c. Economic stability
C. Implement

D. Maintain B. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

a. Environmental sustainability
4. LEVEL OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT b. Open and built environment
balance
A. Self Help
c. Interconnection
B. Partnership d. Change adaptability

C. Consultation C. SOCIO-CULTURAL
a. Community growth and
D. Self Help
development
5. ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNITY b. Sense of community
c. Civic Pride
a.1. Group of people d. Safety and Security
e. Heritage
a.2 Definite Locality

a.3. Community Sentiment D. PERSONAL

a. Sense of place
a.4. Naturality b. Accountability
c. Belongingness
a.5 Particular Name

a.6 No Legal Status

a.7 Concrete Nature

a.8 Distinguishable
8. COMMUNITY SECTORS
a.1 Social
a.2 Economic
a.3 Infrastructure
a.4 Institutional
a.5 Environmental
“DESIGN FOR THE PEOPLE BY THE PEOPLE”
MODULE 2: COMMUNITY PLANNING TOOLS
AND METHODS
A.TOOLS AND METHODS
1ST ASSESMENT PHASE
1. Preparation – Organizing a
community planning process
2. WHERE ARE WE NOW? - Identifying
community assets and what people
value about their community
3. WHERE ARE WE GOING? – An
analysis of the demographic
makeup and trends in the
community
2nd ENGAGEMENT PHASE
4 WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE? – A
descriptive vision and/or preferred
future of how residents want their
community to be
5 WHAT DO WE NEED TO ADDRESS?
The opportunities, challenges and
issues residents see for their
community.
6. HOW DO WE GET THERE?
Strategies and actions to be
implemented to achieve the
preferred future
7. DRAFTING AND VALIDATION
3RD IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
8. IMPLEMENTATION-
Implementation by a range of
stakeholders
9. ARE WE GETTING THERE?
Evaluation of progress and review
B.PARTICIPATION TECHNIQUES:
1. Survey
2. Community Visioning
3. Charrettes, Workshops
4. Public Meeting
5. Public Hearing
6. Focus Group Discussions
C.MIND MAPPING NOTE TAKING GUIDE
D.EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
1. Planning Balance Sheet
2. Goals Achievement Matrix
3. SWOT Analysis
3.DPSIR Analysis
E. SWOT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
Strength and Weakness- internal
attributes
Opportunities and Threats- external
condition
A. 4 TYPES OF STRATEGIES SO, WO, ST,
WT
-How can we use and Capitalize on each
strength
-How can we improve each weakness?
How can we Exploit and Benefit from
opportunity?
-How can we Mitigate each threat?
SUBJECTIVE JUDGEMENT-
Based on objective information
 E. DPSIR ANALYSIS
a. Driving Force indicators-
Provide data on demographic,
social and economic
development which, in turn,
exert pressure on the
environment
b. Condition or State Indicator
Provide data that inform us
about the state of the
environment at any particular
time.
c. Pressure indicator
Provide data on the main
human activities that could
potentially adversely affect the
condition of the environment
d. Impact Indicators – provide
data on the impact that
environmental changes have on
environmental or human
health.
e. Response Indicators –
Provide date about the main
things we are doing to alleviate
pressures, or to improve the
condition of the environment.
F.DPSIR MODEL: DRIVING FORCE,
PRESSURE, STATE IMPACT AND
RESPONSE
Driving Force :
Economic activity, transport infrastructure,
transport and fuel prices
Pressure Energy: Consumption, emission to the
atmosphere, noise, waste, traffic accidents
State: Climate change, air, water and soil
quality, habitat fragmentation, exposure to
noise.
Impact- Effects on human health, loss of
biodiversity
Response- Regulation, subsidies, investment in
public transport
g. COMMUNITY PLANNING PROJECT
F. COMMUNITY CENTRE:
The end result is a facility which has
been shaped by members of the
community to suit their needs and is
then looked after by the people who
use it.
G. DERELICT SITE RE-USE
This scenario shows the initiative to
make use of a derelict area of land in
public ownership. Such land exists
everywhere, usually attracting rubbish
and having a depressing effect on the
local neighborhood
H. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
This scenario applies particularly to
communities facing the threat of
natural or human made disasters such
as floods, earthquakes, wind, storms,
and industrial accidents
I. ENVIRONMENTAL ART PROJECT
This scenario is about constructing
environmental artworks
J. HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
This scenario covers the building of a
new housing developments for a large
number of people
Pruitt- Igoe Housing Development
K. INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE RE-USE
This scenario applies where industrial
buildings become redundant,
particularly if they have heritage value
or could be used for other purposes.
L. INNER CITY REGENERATION
This scenario shows how a deprived
inner city area can transform itself over
a period of almost a decade.
 M. LOCAL NEIGHBORHOOD INITIATIVE MODULE 3: SOCIAL SECTOR OF THE
This scenario applies to any area where COMMUNITY
there are a number of institutional
WHAT IS THE SOCIAL SECTOR?
landowners and agencies operating and
where local people want to break MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS 1943
through inertia and improve the
environment and the quality of life. a. Self Actualization ( Highest) Personal
growth and fulfillment
K. NEW NEIGHBORHOOD This scenario b. Esteem needs - Achievement, status,
shows how creative proposals can be responsibility, reputation
developed for a new neighborhood, c. Belongingness and Love needs- Family,
extension to a neighborhood or completely affection, relationship, work group, etc.
now settlement. d. Safety needs- Protection, security,
order, law, limits, stability, etc,
L. PLANNING STUDY- This scenario applies
e. Biological Needs ( Lowest)- Basic life
where professional planning consultants are
needs – air, food, drink, shelter, warmth,
commissioned by a local authority or
sex, sleep etc.
landowners to produce recommendations
on future development options in a SOCIAL FACTORS:
relatively short period of time.
 Demographic ( age, gender , etc.)
M. REGENARATION INFRASTRUCTURE- This  Ethics and Religion
scenario shows how the framework for  Education
encouraging community planning can be  Cultural Conventions
emprove by the government and private and  Attitude and Belief
voluntary agencies.
SENSE OF COMMUNITY:
N. SHANTY SETTLEMENTS UPGRADING- This
scenario applies to the informal settlements - Feeling that members have of
which proliferates around many cities in belonging, a feeling that members
developing countries. matter to one another and to the group,
and a shared faith that members need
O.TOWN CENTRE UPGRADE – This scenario will be met through their commitment
applies when a planning authority wants to to be together
initiate improvement of a town center area.
ELEMENTS OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY
P. VILLAGE REVIVAL- This scenario covers a
village developing initiatives to preserve and 1. Influence
build on its local character 2. Membership
3. Integration of Needs
WHOLE SETTLEMENT STRATEGY 4. Emotional Connection
A whole settlement strategy creates a vision for SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
a village, town or city as a whole and sets out
ways to achieve it: How does the place work? A. Amenities and Social Infrastructure
What is good about it? What is bad? What is Emphasis on schools, social spaces,
needs changing? How can we plan for a transport and community worker
sustainable future?
 B. Social and Cultural Life- Shared spaces,
collective activities and social
architecture to foster local networks,
belonging and community identity.
C. Voice and Influence – Governance
structures to represent future residents
and engage new one in shaping local
decision making and stewardship
D. Space to Grow- Flexible planning;
housing, infrastructure and services that
can adapt over time; meanwhile use of
buildings and public space.

SENSE OF PLACE

1. USERS AND ACTIVITIES

a. ACTIVE
b. FUN
c. VITAL
d. SPECIAL
e. REAL
2. COMFORT AND IMAGE
a. SAFE
b. WALKABLE
c. SITTABLE
d. ATTRACTIVE
e. HISTORIC
3. ACCESS AND LINKAGES
a. PROXIMITY
b. CONNECTED
c. WALKABLE
d. CONVENIENT
e. ACCESIBLE
4. SOCIABILITY
a. DIVERSE
b. STEWARDSHIP
c. COOPERATIVE
d. NEIGHBORLY
e. WELCOMING