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Effect of Spindle Speed of Ring frame on yarn quality

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SPIN CLINIC
Effect of Spindle Speed of Ring
Frame on Yarn Quality
Mr. Jagdish D. Patil, Student, Mr. Prafull P. Kolte, Assistant Professor, Mr. Sujit S. Gulhane,
Assistant Professor, SVKMs NMIMS MPTP Centre for Textile Functions, Shirpur, Mr. Sanjeev Bathla,
General Manager (Spinning Production), Welspun Industries Ltd., Anjar, Gujarat.
Abstract
A study has been attempted to deal with
an influence of spindle speed of ring
frame on the quality of the yarn and
reduce the end breakages rate on the ring
frame with increasing the spindle speed.
In this study, from the Supima variety of
cotton, we have spun 80s and 100s Ne
ring spun yarn.
The analysis of yarn properties such as
hairiness, imperfections, tenacity and
elongation produced at two different
spindle speed of the ring frame machine
was done. From the analysis it is
concluded that the hairiness and total
imperfections in the ring yarn increased
but there is remarkable decrease in the
breaking extension was found as the
spindle speed increased. Practically we
will always try to achieve the optimum
quality of yarn at higher production rate
of ring frame.
Key Words: Spindle Speed, Single Yarn
Strength, Elongation, Hairiness, Yarn
imperfection.
Introduction
The ring spinning process produce
the better yarn with an optimal yarn
properties than other spinning systems,
but the ring spinning system have the
speed limitations means if we try to
4 | Spinning Textiles | Nov-Dec 2018
reach higher spindle speed then it causes
to make the yarn with inferior quality. So
now a days it is difficult task for all textile
technologists to make better quality of
ring spun yarn at very high spindle speed.
The productivity of ring frame is a major
factor contributing to the profitability
of a spinning mill and higher spindle
speed has become necessary for higher
productivity. Problems encountered in
spinning yarns at high spindle speeds
include yarn breakage rate, hairiness,
and strength loss and fly generation.
Consequently, production of acceptable
yarn is achieved only at relatively low
Material and Method
There is a direct relationship between
certain quality characteristics of the
fibre and those of the yarn. 70% to 80%
of basic yarn quality is decided by the
raw material. The fibre properties like
the staple length, uniformity in staple
length, short fibre contents, fineness,
strength, elongation, maturity, etc.,
plays a role.
If the micronaire is coarse, the number
of fibres in the yarn cross section will
be less. This always results in lower
strength and lower elongation. U%
is affected by micronaire. Coarser
the micronaire, higher shall be the
U%. Coarser the fibre, higher the end
| GTTES Special Issue |
speeds. Increasing the spindle speed
would effectively increase the yarn
tension for a given traveler number. It is
recommended to use lighter traveler for
higher speed and vice versa.
The precise setting of the spindle reduces
the yarn tension and optimizes the
production as well as quality of yarn. So
it is very important to select the spindle
speed according to the type of material
and blend composition. Wool rich blend
need to be run at lower spindle speed but
for polyester rich blend you can go for
higher spindle speed.
breakage rate in spinning. Lower the
micronaire lower the thin places and
vice versa. We need to understand the
quality objectives of the product and
decide the raw materials.
The factors like feel of the fabric,
hairiness in the surface of fabric,
strength of the yarn and the fabric and
dye ability are governed by the raw
material properties. The selection of
raw materials for the product and the
machines play a vital role in getting the
required quality, so we need to select
proper raw material to get better quality
of yarn. The cotton fibre selected for
this study having properties mentioned
in table 1.
SPIN CLINIC | GTTES Special Issue |

Results and Discussion
The yarn count viz. 100s and 80s manu-
factured with different ring frame spin-
dle speed i.e. 21326 rpm and 19398 rpm
from the Supima variety of cotton. In the
process sequence of spinning from blow
room to ring frame all parameters were
same. The yarn properties for different
spindle speed compared and analyzed.
Yarn Properties
Yarn Unevenness (U %)
Yarn unevenness affects fabric appear-
ance and it should be preferably around
12-15%.
U% depends on whether we are using
combed yarn or carded yarn. Doubled
yarns should have significantly lesser U%
and lesser number of yarn defects.
Table 2 shows increase in the spindle
speed effects on the U% and CVm%. The
Table 1: Fiber Properties
Mixing
Count
MIC (Micronaire)
MAT (Maturity)
UHML (Upper Half Mean Length)
ML (Mean length)
UI (Uniformity Index)
SFI (Short Fibre Index)
Strength
Elongation %
Moisture
Rd
+b
Table 2: USTER Yarn Test Results
Count
Speed (rpm)
U%
CVm %
Thin -50%
Thick +50%
Neps +200
Hairiness (3-10 mm)/100m
Hairiness Index
IPI
U% and CVm% increases with increase increases with increase in the spindle
in the spindle speed. It is recommended speed. It is recommended that optimize
that optimize the spindle speed to the spindle speed to achieve better IPI of
achieve better U% and CVm%. yarn.
Yarn Imperfections (Thick Places, Hairiness
Thin Places & Neps) The yarns which are spun from the
The yarn imperfection includes thin higher percentage of short or medium
places, thick places and neps which have staple length have high ratio of hairiness.
great influence on the yarn breakage The yarn used for the weaving should
and quality of the fabric. It is generally also have very low hairiness and uniform
observed that all thick and thin places in distribution of hairs throughout the
the yarns are weak places. length of yarn.
Neps tend to create fuzz during shedding The yarns with minimum hairiness have
due to their breakage of protruding fibers low yarn breakage and quality of the
by inter fiber friction. The thick place , fabric is also good. So during selection of
thin place & neps most influence on the yarn this factor should be considered and
dyeing process that means it will leads to hairiness of the yarn should be tested on
shade variation on fabric. the hairiness determining apparatus, so
breakages may control and quality of the
Table 2 shows increase in the spindle end product may consistent.
speed effect on the IPI of yarn. The IPI
Table 2 shows increase in the spindle
speed effect on the Hairiness of yarn. The
IPI increases with increase in the spindle
Supima 100% Cotton
speed. It is recommended that optimize
100S and 80S Ne the spindle speed to achieve better
4.20 Hairiness of the yarn.
0.92
Due to high spindle speed attenuation of
36.33
fiber in drafting arrangement is not done
31.19 properly; hence the fiber contribution
86.27 in fiber strand is less so the hairiness is
5.51 increase with increasing speed.
42.25
Yarn Strength
6.82 The strength of the yarn decreases with
4.76 the increase in spindle speed so the yarn
68.11 breakages rate will be high. So in order
to reduce the yarn breakage there should
12.42 be appropriate twist in the yarn and
optimize the spindle speed to achieve
better yarn strength. Staple yarn cannot
100 Ne 80 Ne be spun below a certain value of T.F. At
low T.F yarns breaks mainly as a result of
21326 19398 21326 19398 fiber slippages.
12.94 12.01 11.47 11.25
16.30 15.14 14.48 14.19 However, the T.F increases the angle of
the fiber to the yarn axis increase as the
115.30 47.80 23.50 15.40
strength of the yarn will decrease and
132.60 91.50 70.20 65.90 yarn breakages rate will be high.
194.20 179.92 137.90 125.70
53.60 43.20 190.80 145.90 In weaving process every yarn has to
withstand high stress strain during
3.19 2.62 11.56 8.79
fabric formation processes. The yarn
442 319 232 215 should have good strength otherwise it

6 | Spinning Textiles | Nov-Dec 2018

SPIN CLINIC | GTTES Special Issue |

Yarn Strength and Elongation Test

Table 3: Yarn Strength and Elongation Test
100s 80s
Count
Speed High Speed Low Speed High Speed Low Speed
(21326 rpm) (19398 rpm) (21326 rpm) (19398 rpm)
Particulars Mean CV Mean CV Mean CV Mean CV
Breaking Force 142.28 13.08 179.29 10.30 179.29 10.30 181.44 10.42
Elongation 4.33 14.44 5.02 10.94 5.02 10.94 5.07 10.24
RKM 24.20 13.08 24.58 10.30 24.58 10.30 25.51 10.42
Breaking Work 147.6 25.2 208.6 18.1 208.6 18.1 215.5 17.9

End Breakage Rate and Idle Spindle loom. The sized warp sheet of cotton yarn
always should have 4-5% elongation to
Table 4: End Breakages and Idle Spindle
avoid breakages on loom.
Particulars 100s 80s
Table 3 shows increase in the spindle
Speed High Speed Low Speed High Speed Low Speed speed, effect on the elongation of yarn.
(21326 rpm) (19398 rpm) (21326 rpm) (19398 rpm) The elongation% decreases with increase
End Breakages 7.04 5.30 6.06 4.41 in the spindle speed. It is recommended
Rate % that optimize the spindle speed to
Idle Spindle 9 4 4 1 achieve better elongation of yarn.
Worst Spindle 23 10 14 4
Graph 1 and 2 shows increase in the
doff length effect on End breakages rate
at different portion of the ring bobbin.
The End breakages rate decreases
with decreasing in the doff length. By
observation we conclude that if we want
to achieve better efficiency of ring frame,
we need to optimize the doff length.

Conclusion
The weaving performance is depending
on the yarn quality. The yarn must have
less thick and thin places having less
hairiness.

The even and more parallel yarn help to

Graph 1: End Breakages Study for 100s Count at Different Doff Length and Different Portion
of the Ring Bobbin
will affect the efficiency of machine and
quality of the fabrics. CV% of single yarn
strength influences warp stoppages more
than any other factor. Higher the single
yarn strength (RKM) lesser will be the
yarn breakages. Table 3 shows increase
in the spindle speed effect on the RKM
value of yarn.
The RKM decreases with increase in the
spindle speed. It is recommended that
optimize the spindle speed to achieve
better RKM value of yarn.
Elongation
The factor of elongation plays a very
critical role in reduction of the yarn
breakages. The elongation depends upon
the length of the fiber, T.P.I. & spindle
speed. Different yarns have individual
values of elongation. For instance cotton
has elongation of 6-7% which gives good
power to the yarn against breakages.
The elongation of yarn play important
role in the weaving process e.g. cone
winding, warping, sizing and weaving on
get better efficiency. It is better to invest
a little more in better raw material and
benefit by lesser loom stoppages, better
loom efficiency and reduced fabric
damages.
From the analysis of yarn properties for
different spindle speed we can conclude
that the spindle speed is influence
on the yarn properties like strength
(RKM), Elongation%, IPI, hairiness, U%
& CVm%.
Lower speed of spindle gives better
yarn properties. If we increase the
spindle speed it also affected on running

8 | Spinning Textiles | Nov-Dec 2018

 SPIN CLINIC
Table 5: End Breakage at Different Length of Doff and Different Portion of the Ring Bobbin
Count
Doff Length
Bobbin Portion 5500 mtr
Bottom 2.09%
Middle 3.38%
Top 3.73%
Average 3.06%
performance of the yarn; means while
spindle speed is high it leads to increase
the end breakage rate and idle spindle as
well as worst spindle.
On the basis of trails it is observed that
end breakages rate is more at taper
portion than the bottom and middle
portion of cop. So we need to optimize
the end breakages rate at the taper
portion of cop. For that in this study trail
are made by reducing the doff length up
to 500-1000 meter.
It is observed the end breakage rate is
reduced at the top portion of cop while
reduced the doff length. By the analysis, it
is concluded that reducing in doff length
is beneficial for the spinning process. By
using this method the number of idle
spindle and worst spindle are controlled
also, due to the reducing number of idle
spindle and worst spindle, the power
consumption of ring frame machine will
be reduced.
By this all over trials and its results we
conclude that if we make the better
quality of yarn with high production rate
Graph 2: End breakages Study for 80s count for 100s count at different doff length and
different portion of the ring bobbin
10 | Spinning Textiles | Nov-Dec 2018
View publication stats
100s
6000 mtr 6500 mtr 5500 mtr
2.75% 2.63% 1.83%
3.92% 3.53% 2.57%
4.59% 6.65% 4.41%
3.75% 4.93% 2.93%
we select the proper raw material, set the
proper setting of machines and R.H. in
preparatory department and ring frame
also.
The end breakages rate is higher at
taper portion so we can reduce the doff
length with increasing spindle speed of
machine.
Due to the less doff length number
doffing time is increase but we achieve
higher production rate of machine and
in that case increasing number doffing
time is negligible loss. Because after the
few days while machine set on the higher
spindle speed then we try to increase in
doff length at higher spindle speed .
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| GTTES Special Issue |
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