Issues sa Noli at El Fili

Tukuyin ang mga tauhan, pangyayari, kilos, na naglalarawan ng usaping tinalakay

1. Friar abuse and Spanish admin abuse

a. San Diego priests taking advantage of All Souls’ Day, which commemorates dead people
in purgatory waiting for their souls to be cleansed before going to heaven
b. San Diego priests implore villagers to purchase indulgences, which they claim shorten
the length of time a soul must languish in purgatory
c. Ibarra sees the power of Catholic friars in the PH has greatly increased since he left for
Europe  control over government officials
i. Father Salvi, San Diego’s new priest, constantly at odds with the ensign in
charge of village’s faction of Civil Guard
ii. Salvi uses his religious position to spite the ensign, fining him for missing church
services and delivering purposefully boring sermons when he attends
iii. Friars also interfere in San Diego
1. Father Damaso meddles w/ schoolmaster’s education techniques by
demanding that he teach only in Tagalog, instead of Spanish
2. Damaso insists that the schoolmaster beat the children, creating a
hostile environment that doesn’t lend itself to productive learning
2. Halaga ng edukasyon
a. In relation to Padre Damaso and the schoolmaster issue…
i. Ibarra decides to build a secular school in San Diego, which is also a project his
father dreamed about before his death
3. Hindi pagtatalaga ng katulad na pagkilala sa mga ilustrado at Espanyol
a. Celebratory dinner hosted by Ibarra  Father Damaso arrives uninvited
b. Damaso loudly insults the school and its architecture while making callous remarks
about indios or native Filipinos
c. Indios abandon their country because they think they’re superior, traveling to Europe
instead
d. Muntik na patayin ni Ibarra si Damaso
e. Ibarra is excommunicated from the church
f. Captain Tiago proves himself a spineless sociality by calling off the wedding between
Ibarra and Maria Clara, instead bethrothing his daughter to Linares, a young man from
Spain
4. Rise of the new working class (manggagawa, may produkto  bagay, serbisyo;
manggagawang lumpen, anti-social activities  drugs, prostitution) na inaapi/sinasamantala
a. Kaisipang kolonyal/kaisipang alipin  pagkaayaw sa manual labor
i. Si Crispin ay napagkamalang nagnakaw and thus must work constantly with his
brother to pay off the absurd amounts the chief sextons claims that Crispin
owes the church
ii. He protests this injustice and is hauled away and severely beaten
iii. Basilio looks for his brother
iv. Sisa looks for both of them and is told that the Civil Guard has been ordered to
arrest them for theft, though noboy can find them
 v. Sisa is arrested and then released  looks for her kids the whole night and
works herself into insanity and destitution
b. Sense of place/sense of pride of place
i. Walang pakialam ang probinsyano sa Manila dahil temporary lang sila dito
5. Rise of the intellectuals/role of illustrados
a. Gusto magtayo ni Ibarra ng eskwelahan
b. EL FILI: pagbalik ni Ibarra bilang Simoune
i. Binigay niya pa din sa sarili niya ang “role” na ioverthrow ang government
6. Validity/veracity/necessity or failure of a revolution/uprising/rebellion
a. Class quality of a revolution  pag baligtad ng kaayusan led by the working class 
gained integrity
i. Rebels attack the Civil Guard’s military barracks, telling them that Ibarra is the
ringleader
ii. Elias rescues Ibarra from prison
iii. Elias and Ibarra, while on a boat, have a heated discussion about the nature of
revolution and reform, debating the merits of working within a corrupt system
to change it rather than overthrowing the system completely
b. Class perspective ng leadership ng isang rebolusyon
7. Satirical take on the real events of 19th century Philippines
8. Human rights viewed from political/class based spectrum
a. Case of Sisa and her sons  they are poor, accused of theft, and were supposed to be
taken to prison