A

CONCEPT PAPER
FOR

VULCANIZING SHOP

SUBMITTED TO :

MRS. EUNICE GALE F. FRIO

TEACHER

SUBMITTED BY :
CHRISTIAN RAMOS
11- AUTOMOTIVE
*INTRODUCTION
Vulcanizing is a cross-linking reaction by generates
three-dimensional network structures in rubber and is the
best known process of giving rubber products greater
stability. Worker placing tire in a mold before vulcanizition.
Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting polymers
into more durable materials by introducing cross-links. As
well known example is sulfur vulcanization whereby organic
polymers are crosslinked with chains of sulfur. By forming
cross-links (brigdes) between individual polymer chains,
vulcanization dramatically affects the chemical properties
of a polymer. The term vulcanized fiber refers to cellulose
that has been treated in a zinc chloride solution to cross-
links the cellulose fibers. Vulcanizing is a process applied to
rubbery or elastomeric materials. These materials forcibly
retract to their approximately original shape after a rather
large mechanically imposed deformation.

Vulcanization can be defined as process that increases

the retractile force and reduces the amount of permanent
deformation remaining after removal of the deforming
force. Vulcanizing is a process of chemically producing
network junctures by the insertion of cross-links between
polymer chains. A cross-link may be a group of sulfur atoms
in a short chain, a single sulfur atom, a carbon-to-carbon
bond, apolyvalent organic radical, an ionic cluster, or a
polyvalent metal ion.
Vulcanization increases elasticity while it decreases
plasticity . It is generally accomplished by the formation of
a crosslinked molecular network ( figure 7.1 ). According to
the theory of rubber elasticity (Flor, 1953), the retractile
force to resist a deformation is proportional to number of
network supporting polymer chains is a linear polymer
molecular segments between network junctures. An increase
in the number of junctures or crosslinks gives an increase in
the number of supporting chains. In an unvulcanized linear
hign polymer(above its melting point) only molecular oxide
thermoplastic chemicals fillers materials surfaces.

*PURPOSE
The purpose of vulcanizing shop is to help
repair or fix tires of vehicles, either big or
small. As well as they can also provide income or
compension to people working and owning it. It
can be define also to process that inceases the
retractile force and reduces the amount of
permanent of deformation remaining after
removal of the deforming force.
*PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The process is usually carried out by heating the rubber, mixed
with vulcanizing agents, in a mold under pressure. We note that, for
extruded rubber goods, the compounded rubber extrudate can be
heated in a salt bath or even hot air. However, details of the
relationship between the reaction mechanism and the network
structure of the resulting vulcanizates have not yet been
conclusively clarified due to complicated chemical reactions between
rubber, elemental sulfur and other cross-linking reagents during
processing.

Up to now, most vulcanization systems have been developed by

trial and error. Each rubber company has developed its own (often
confidential) methods to produce materials according to costumer
requirements. By using state-of-the-art analytical methods, new
aspects of by vulcanization for sulfur cross-linked natural rubber.

*BUDGET - 700,OOO.00

Build out of space = 250,000.00

Required starting cash balance = 150,000.00

Initial Inventory = 25,000.00

Equipment = 150,000.00

Furniture = 50,000.00

Money to cover cash flow = 75,000.00

*Contact Information

Address: POBLACION, DUMALAG, CAPIZ

Mobile #: 09124154267 ( smart )

09274586243 ( globe )

Email Adress: www.vulcanizingshop@gmail.com