Name Synonym Biological source family Chemical Constituents Characteristics uses

1.PODOPHYLLUM Podophyllum, dried rhizomes Berberidaceae 2–8% resinous material Subcylindrical pieces cytotoxic activity
American and roots venereal and
Mandrake, podophyllotoxin, other warts.
May-apple root. Podophyllum α- and β-peltatin scars of aerial stems and treatment of lung
Peltatum podophyllotoxin, adventitious roots. and testicular
desoxypodophyllotoxin, cancer
Podophyllum podophyllotoxone characteristic odour and strong
hexandrum bitter, acrid taste gastrointestinal
Chemical Tests irritant
1. The reaction of
podophyllum resin
alcoholic extract
with strong solution of
copper acetate develops
brown
precipitate for Indian
podophyllum, whereas
American
drug produces green
colour without
precipitate.
Name Synonym Biological source family Chemical Constituents Characteristics uses

2. PSORALEA Bavachi fruits, dried ripe fruits Leguminosae coumarin compounds annual herb antibacterial,
Malaya tea, psoralen, aphrodisiac,
Bavachi seeds Psoralea isopsoralen, height of 60 cm to astringent,
corylifolia psoralidin, isopsoralidin, 1m. cytotoxic,
carylifolean, bavachromanol diaphoretic,
psoralenol prominent grooves of diuretic,
glands and stimulant,
flavonoids white hairs on the stomachic and
bavachalcone, stem and branches tonic.
bavachinin, isobavachalcone, frequent
bavachin and isobavachin, Fruits are dark urination,
chocolate incontinence,
Chemical Tests to black in colour bed wetting
1. Psoralea dissolved in alcohol
and sodium hydroxide Seed is produced
solution is added and observed from campylotropous
under UV light, yellow ovule and are
fluorescence is observed. kidneyshaped
2. Psoralea is dissolved in small
amount of alcohol and
add 3 times of propylene glycol,
5 times of acetic acid
and 40 times of water, a blue
fluorescence is observed
under UV light
Name Synonym Biological source family Chemical Constituents Characteristics uses
3.AMMI Bishop’s weed, fruits Umbelliferae furanocoumarins, Fruits are 22.5 mm long treatment of vitiligo
Laceflower, Large Ammi majus xanthotoxin (0.4–1.9%), and 0.5–1.7 mm broad (piebald skin)
Bullwort, Toothpick imperatorin, bergapten and psoriasis.
Arami. and isopimpilin. Four prominent secondary
ridges and by the absence
of lacunae outside the
Identification Tests vascular bundles, seen in
1. Boil about 1 g of the the transverse section
drug with 10 ml of water of Ammi visnaga.
for 1
min and strain, add one Odour, slightly aromatic,
or two drops of this terbenthinate;
decoction taste, strongly pungent
to 2 ml of a solution of and slightly bitter.
sodium hydroxide, no
rose
colour is produced
(distinction from Ammi
visinaga).
2. Alcoholic extract of
the fruit gives blue
fluorescence
when examined under
UV light
Name Synonym Biological source family Chemical Characteristics uses
Constituents
4. PHYLLANTHUS