CABBAGE

About Cabbage. Cabbage is a hardy biennial grown as a cool-weather annual that can tolerate
frost but not heat. Cabbage grows an enlarged terminal bud of broad, overlapping leaves called
a head atop a short, stubby stem. Heads can be round, flat, or pointed. Leaves can be smooth or
crinkled in shades of green or reddish-purple and the head can be round, flat or pointed.

Cabbage heads–which are mostly water–will expand and split if the weather grows too warm as
the heads take up water more quickly than the moisture can transpire from tightly wrapped
leaves.

Cabbage Yield. Plant 4 to 8 plants for each household member.

Site to Grow Cabbage. Grow cabbage in soil rich in organic matter that is well-drained. Cabbage
grows best where the soil pH is between 6.5 and 7.5. Add plenty of well-aged compost to planting
beds before planting. In regions where the soil is sandy or where there is heavy rain, supplement
the soil with nitrogen.

Cabbage Planting Time. Cabbage grows best in regions where there is a long, cool growing season
with temperatures between 45° and 75°F. Cabbage can tolerate frost and briefly temperatures as
low as 20°F. Cabbage will bolt and go to seed in temperatures greater than 80°F.

Start seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost in s pring. Sow seed outdoors when the soil
can be worked in spring. Place transplants in the garden when they are 3 to 4 inches tall as early
as 3 to 4 weeks before the last frost in spring.

In cool-summer regions, plant cabbage in late spring for a fall harvest. In mild-winter regions,
start seed in late summer for a winter or spring harvest. Cabbage comes to harvest in 80 to 180
days from seed and in 60 to 105 days from transplants depending upon the variety.

Cabbage Planting and Spacing. Sow cabbage seeds ½ inch deep spaced 1 inch apart; thin plants
to 18 to 24 inches apart. Transplant cabbage to the garden when plants are 4 to 6 weeks old with
4 to 5 true leaves. Set leggy or crooked stemmed plants deeply, up to their first true leaves. Space
seedlings 18 to 24 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart. Plant succession crops every two
weeks or plant seeds and transplant at the same time or plant early and midseason varieties at
the same time so that they come to harvest at different times.

Water and Feeding Cabbage. Cabbage requires regular, even watering. Uneven watering can
result in stunted or cracked heads. As plants reach maturity, cut back on watering to avoid
splitting heads. Fertilize cabbage when plants are established with a high nitrogen fertilize r such
as 10-3-3.

Retrieved from https://harvesttotable.com/how_to_grow_cabbage/

 PAPAYA
Scientific name: Carica papaya L.

Common names: Papaya and pawpaw (English and Spanish), malakor, loko, ma kuai thet (Thai), and du
du (Vietnamese).

Family: Caricaceae Origin: The origin and center of diversification is Central America.

Relatives: Mountain papaya [also called chamburo (Vasconcellea pubescens)] and babaco (Vasconella x
heilbornii).

Distribution: Throughout the tropical and subtropical world; in protected culture in cool subtropical
regions.

History: Papaya was taken to the Caribbean and Southeast Asia first and then spread to India, Oceania,
and Africa.

Water Management

 The moisture required to grow papaya differs in each location depending on the ecology of the
area.
 Environmental and geographical factors like rainfall, temperature, light, wind, soil type and
elevation play an important role in determining the amount of moisture needed to keep the
papaya trees in good productive condition.
 The age of the plant is also important in determining moisture requirements.
 Young papaya seedlings need more moisture than older trees, which can maintain growth with
little moisture because of their slower rate of vegetative growth.
 Irrigate the young papaya seedlings about once or twice a week in irrigated orchards whereas
for older trees bearing fruits, irrigate every 15 days or so.
 Although bearing papaya trees do not need water as critically as small seedlings it is important
that the tree has ample water in all times.
 Prolonged moisture stress will slow down the growth and encourage the production of number
of male or sterile flowers.
 This will result into poor fruitset on the tree.
 The papaya is adapted to a wide range of rainfall conditions ranging from 35 cm to 250 cm
annual precipitation.
 Excessive moisture affects the crop as well as fruit quality adversely.
 Fruits of papaya produced in high rainfall and humid regions of the world are larger than those
grown in the low rainfall regions irrespective of the varieties.
 Papaya, in general, requires heavy irrigations both for establishment of young plants as well as
for proper growth and fruiting, but it cannot withstand water logging and would develop 'wet
feet'.
 In the hilly regions of east and west coast of South India, papaya is found growing under rainfed
conditions due to well distributed rainfall from South West and North East monsoons.
 Fruitfulness in papaya depends on maintaining proper soil moisture.
  Lower moisture levels shifted plants towards sterility and male floral characters, while higher
moisture resulted in excessive production of undesirable carpelloid types.
 Prolonged water stress resulted in stunted growth and poor fruitset.
 Irrigate papaya trees at 10-12 days interval in winter and weekly once in summer if there is no
rain.
 Maintain adequate soil moisture in soil during summer in order to avoid flower and fruit drop.

Irrigation schedule

Stage of
Duration No. of irrigation Water level
crops
Nursery 45 to 55 days Daily with rose can Once 25 to 30 litres per day if it is
Main field 1 ½ month - 12th month in a week (Summer through drip
Season) Once in 10 or 15
days (Rainy Season)
Retrieved from http://www.ikisan.com/tn-papaya-water-management.html

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/MG/MG05400.pdf