7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts

7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts ANSWER:
10
1. If XM = 4, XN = 6, and NZ = 9, find XY. 2. If XN = 6, XM = 2, and XY = 10, find NZ.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Triangle Proportionality Theorem: Triangle Proportionality Theorem:
If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and
intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides
into segments of proportional lengths. into segments of proportional lengths.

Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. XY =10, So, MY = 10 – 8 =2.

Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.

Substitute.

Solve for NZ.

Solve for MY.
ANSWER:
24

Find XY. 3. In BC = 15, BE = 6, DC = 12, and AD = 8.
Determine whether Justify your answer.
ANSWER:
10
2. If XN = 6, XM = 2, and XY = 10, find NZ.

SOLUTION:

If BC = 15, then EC = 15 – 6 = 9.

Use the Converse of the Triangle Proportionality
Theorem.

SOLUTION:
Triangle Proportionality Theorem:
If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and
intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides
into segments of proportional lengths. Therefore, .

XY =10, So, MY = 10 – 8 =2. ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. yes;
Therefore, .
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts yes;
24
3. In BC = 15, BE = 6, DC = 12, and AD = 8. 4. In JK = 15, JM = 5, LK = 13, and PK = 9.
Determine whether Justify your answer. Determine whether Justify your answer.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
JK = 15 and LK = 13. Therefore, MK = 15 – 5 = 10
If BC = 15, then EC = 15 – 6 = 9. and LP = 13 – 9 = 4.

Use the Converse of the Triangle Proportionality Use the Converse of the Triangle Proportionality
Theorem. Theorem.

If BC = 15, then EC = 15 – 6 = 9.

Theorem.

Therefore, .

ANSWER:

yes;
4. In JK = 15, JM = 5, LK = 13, and PK = 9. So, and are not parallel.
Determine whether Justify your answer. ANSWER:
no;
is a midsegment of Find the value of
x.
SOLUTION:
JK = 15 and LK = 13. Therefore, MK = 15 – 5 = 10
and LP = 13 – 9 = 4.

Theorem. 5.
SOLUTION:
If BC = 15, then EC = 15 – 6 = 9.
By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem,
Theorem. Substitute.

ANSWER:

11
So, and are not parallel.
So, and are not parallel.
ANSWER:
no;
10
is a midsegment of Find the value of 7. MAPS Refer to the map. 3rd Avenue and 5th
x. Avenue are parallel. If the distance from 3rd Avenue
to City Mall along State Street is 3201 feet, find the
distance between 5th Avenue and City Mall along
Union Street. Round to the nearest tenth.
5.
SOLUTION:

Substitute.
SOLUTION:
The distance between 5th Avenue and City Mall
along State Street is 3201 − 1056 or 2145 feet.
Let x be the distance between 5th Avenue and City
ANSWER: Mall along Union Street.
11 Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.

along Union Street is 2360.3 ft.
6. ANSWER:
2360.3 ft
SOLUTION:
ALGEBRA Find x and y.
Substitute.
8.
ANSWER: SOLUTION:
10
We are given that and
7. MAPS Refer to the map. 3rd Avenue and 5th
Avenue are parallel. If the distance from 3rd Avenue
to City Mall along State Street is 3201 feet, find the
Solve for x.
distance between 5th Avenue and City Mall along
Union Street. Round to the nearest tenth.

Solve for y.

SOLUTION:
along State Street is 3201 − 1056 or 2145 feet.
along Union Street is 2360.3 ft.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts x = 5; y = 8
2360.3 ft
9.
8.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
We are given that .
Solve for y.

Solve for x.
By Corollary 7.2, .

Solve for x.
Solve for y.
ANSWER:
x = 5; y = 8 ANSWER:
x = 20; y = 2
10. If AB = 6, BC = 4, and AE = 9, find ED.

9.
SOLUTION:
We are given that .

Solve for y.
SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero intersects the other two sides, then it divides the Page
sides4
into segments of proportional lengths.

By Corollary 7.2, .
ANSWER:
x = 20; y = 2 6
10. If AB = 6, BC = 4, and AE = 9, find ED. 11. If AB = 12, AC = 16, and ED = 5, find AE.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. AB =12. So, BC = 16 – 12 = 4.


Substitute.

Substitute.

Solve for ED.

Solve for AE.
ANSWER:
6
ANSWER:
11. If AB = 12, AC = 16, and ED = 5, find AE. 15

12. If AC = 14, BC = 8, and AD = 21, find ED.

SOLUTION:
If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and SOLUTION:
intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides Triangle Proportionality Theorem:
into segments of proportional lengths. If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and
AB =12. So, BC = 16 – 12 = 4. into segments of proportional lengths.

Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. Here, BC = 8. So, AB = 14 – 8 = 6. Let x be the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero length of the segment AE. So, ED = 21 – x. Page 5


So, AE = 9 and ED = 21 – 9 = 12.
ANSWER:
15 12
12. If AC = 14, BC = 8, and AD = 21, find ED. 13. If AD = 27, AB = 8, and AE = 12, find BC.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Here, BC = 8. So, AB = 14 – 8 = 6. Let x be the Here, AE = 12. So, ED = 27 – 12 = 15.
length of the segment AE. So, ED = 21 – x.

Substitute. Substitute in values and solve for BC.

Solve for x.
ANSWER:
10

Determine whether Justify your
So, AE = 9 and ED = 21 – 9 = 12.
answer.
ANSWER:
12
13. If AD = 27, AB = 8, and AE = 12, find BC.

14. ZX = 18, ZV = 6, WX = 24, and YX = 16
SOLUTION:
ZV = 6 and YX = 16. Therefore, VX = 18 – 6 = 12
and WY = 24 – 16 = 8.

Theorem.
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts yes;
10
Determine whether Justify your

16. ZV = 8, VX = 2, and YX = WY
answer.
SOLUTION:
Theorem.

14. ZX = 18, ZV = 6, WX = 24, and YX = 16
SOLUTION:
ZV = 6 and YX = 16. Therefore, VX = 18 – 6 = 12
and WY = 24 – 16 = 8.

Theorem. Because , and are not parallel.

ANSWER:
no;

17. WX = 31, YX = 21, and ZX = 4ZV
Since , then . SOLUTION:
YX = 21, so WY = 31 – 21 = 10 and since ZX = 4ZV,

then VX = 3ZV.
ANSWER: Use the Converse of the Triangle Proportionality
Theorem.
yes;
15. VX = 7.5, ZX = 24, WY = 27.5, and WX = 40

SOLUTION:
VX = 7.5 and WY = 27.5. So, ZV = 24 – 7.5 = 16.5 Because , we can say that and
and YX = 40 – 27.5 = 12.5.
are not parallel.

Use the Converse of the Triangle Proportionality ANSWER:
Theorem.
no;
are midsegments of
Find the value of x.
Since
ANSWER:
yes; 18.
SOLUTION:
16. ZV =Manual
eSolutions 8, VX- = 2, andbyYX
Powered = WY
Cognero By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem, . 7
Page
By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem, x = 57.
SOLUTION: ANSWER:
are not parallel. By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem,
.
ANSWER:
no;
60
are midsegments of
Find the value of x.
20.
SOLUTION:
18.
SOLUTION: By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem,
By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem, . Substitute.
By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem, x = 57.
ANSWER:
57
ANSWER:
50
19.
SOLUTION:
21.
By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem, .
SOLUTION:

Substitute.
By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem,
.
ANSWER:
60 ANSWER:
1.35
22. CCSS MODELING In Charleston, South Carolina,

Logan Street is parallel to both King Street and Smith
Street between Beaufain Street and Queen Street.
What is the distance from Smith to Logan along
20. Beaufain? Round to the nearest foot.
SOLUTION:

Substitute.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: Let x be the distance from Smith to Logon along
50 Beaufain. Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.
Solve for x.
So, the distance from Smith to Logan is 891 ft.
ANSWER:
1.35 about 891 ft
22. CCSS MODELING In Charleston, South Carolina, 23. ART Tonisha drew the line of dancers shown below
Logan Street is parallel to both King Street and Smith for her perspective project in art class. Each of the
Street between Beaufain Street and Queen Street. dancers is parallel. Find the lower distance between
What is the distance from Smith to Logan along the first two dancers.
Beaufain? Round to the nearest foot.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Let x be the distance from Smith to Logon along
Beaufain. Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. Distance between second dancer and third dancer =
Solve for x.
So, the distance from Smith to Logan is 891 ft.
ANSWER:
about 891 ft
23. ART Tonisha drew the line of dancers shown below Let x be the lower distance between the first two
for her perspective project in art class. Each of the dancers.
dancers is parallel. Find the lower distance between Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.
the first two dancers.
SOLUTION:
Distance between second dancer and third dancer =
So, the lower distance between the first two dancers

is or 1.2 inches.
ANSWER:
1.2 in.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero ALGEBRA Find x and y. Page 9
So, the lower distance between the first two dancers
is or 1.2 inches.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
1.2 in.
25.
24.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Solve for x.
Solve for x.

Solve for y.

Solve for y.

ANSWER:
x = 2; y = 5
25.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION: x = 18; y = 3

Solve for x.
26.
SOLUTION:
It is given that and

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
x = 18; y = 3
26.
SOLUTION: 27.
SOLUTION:
It is given that and
We are given that .

Solve for x.
Solve for y.
x = 10 By Corollary 7.2, .

Solve for y. Solve for x.

ANSWER:
x = 10; y = 3
ANSWER:
x = 48; y = 72
CCSS ARGUMENTS Write a paragraph proof.
27. 28. Corollary 7.1
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
We are given that . In Corollary 7.1, it is stated that, if three or more
parallel lines intersect two transversals, then they cut
off the transversals proportionally. A good approach
Solve for y. to this proof it is apply the Triangle Proportionality
theorem, one triangle at a time.

Given:
Prove:
proportional. In By the Triangle
ANSWER: Proportionality Theorem, BC and EF are
7-4 Parallel
x = 48; yLines
= 72 and Proportional Parts proportional. Therefore,
CCSS ARGUMENTS Write a paragraph proof.
28. Corollary 7.1
29. Corollary 7.2
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
In Corollary 7.1, it is stated that, if three or more
Corollary 7.2 states, if three or more parallel lines cut
parallel lines intersect two transversals, then they cut
off congruent segments on one transversal, then they
off the transversals proportionally. A good approach
cut off congruent segments on every transversal.
to this proof it is apply the Triangle Proportionality
This proof can be approached by using Corollary 7.1
theorem, one triangle at a time.
to establish that, since we have three parallel lines,

then we know they cut off the transversals

proportionally. If the ratio of one side of this
Given: proportion is equal to 1, since both parts are equal,
then the other side of the proportion must also equal
Prove: 1. Therefore, they are also equal, or congruent,
parts.

Given:
Prove:
Proof: In By the Triangle
Proportionality Theorem, AB and DE are
proportional . In By the Triangle
Proportionality Theorem, BC and EF are
proportional. Therefore, Proof: From Corollary 7.1, Since
ANSWER: AB = BC by definition of congruence.

Given: Therefore, = 1. By substitution, 1 = Thus,
Prove: DE = EF. By definition of congruence,
ANSWER:
Given:
Prove:
Proof: In By the Triangle
Proportionality Theorem, AB and DE are
proportional. In By the Triangle
Proportionality Theorem, BC and EF are Proof: From Corollary 7.1, Since
proportional. Therefore,
AB = BC by definition of congruence.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Therefore, = 1. By substitution, 1 = Thus,

Page 12
29. Corollary 7.2
SOLUTION: DE = EF. By definition of congruence,
Thus, by subtracting
one from each side.
Proof: From
7-4 Parallel Corollary
Lines 7.1,
and Proportional Since
Parts ANSWER:
AB = BC by definition of congruence. Given:
Therefore, = 1. By substitution, 1 = Thus, Prove:
DE = EF. By definition of congruence,
30. Theorem 7.5
SOLUTION:
Theorem 7.5 states, if a line is parallel to one side of
a triangle and intersects the other two sides, then it
divides the sides into segments of proportional
lengths. In order to prove that , we first Proof: , and because
need to establish that , which can be they are corresponding angles. By AA Similarity,
From the definition of similar
accomplished by showing that Then,
by Segment Addition Postulate, we can state that CA polygons, By the Segment Addition
= BA + CB and CE = DE + CD. Substitute these
Postulate, CA = BA + CB and CE = DE + CD. By
values in for CA and CE in the previous proportion
and the simplify. substitution, Rewriting as a

Given: sum, From simplifying,
Prove:
one from each side.
CCSS ARGUMENTS Write a two-column
proof.
31. Theorem 7.6
SOLUTION:
Theorem 7.6 states, if a line intersects two sides of a
triangle and separates the sides into proportional
Proof: , and because corresponding segments, then the line is parallel to
they are corresponding angles. By AA Similarity, the third side of the triangle. Thinking backwards,
From the definition of similar how can we prove that two lines are parallel to each
polygons, By the Segment Addition other? We can prove that by proving that a
pair of corresponding angles, formed by these parallel
Postulate, CA = BA + CB and CE = DE + CD. By lines, are congruent to each other. Using SAS
Similarity theorem, prove that . Then, you can use
substitution, Rewriting as a
congruent corresponding angles as a result of similar
triangles.
sum, From simplifying,

Given:
one from each side.
Prove:
ANSWER:
Given:
Prove:
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
7. (SAS Similarity)
8. (Def. of polygons)
9. (If corr. angles are , then the lines are
Given: Lines and Proportional Parts
7-4 Parallel || .)
Prove:
32. Theorem 7.7
SOLUTION:
Theorem 7.7 states that a midsegment of a triangle is
parallel to one side of the triangle, and its length is
Proof: half the length of that side. For this proof, use the
Statements (Reasons) given information that to prove that
1. (Given) by AA Similarity. Then, since you
know that D and E are both midpoints, then you can
2. (Add. Prop.)
prove eventually prove that , using
3. (Subst.) midpoint relationships and substitution. Then, using
4. AB = AD + DB, AC = AE + EC (Seg. Add. Post.) as a result of proving ,
5. (Subst.) then you can substitute into into
6. (Refl. Prop.)
and prove that , using
7. (SAS Similarity)
8. (Def. of polygons) algebra.
|| .) Given: D is the midpoint of
E is the midpoint of
ANSWER:
Given:
Prove:
Prove:
Proof:
Proof: 1. D is the midpoint of E is the midpoint of
(Given)
1. (Given) 2. (Midpoint Thm.)
3. AD = DB, AE = EC (Def. of segs.)
2. (Add. Prop.) 4. AB = AD + DB, AC = AE + EC (Seg. Add. Post.)
5. AB = AD + AD, AC = AE + AE (Subst.)
3. (Subst.) 6. AB = 2AD, AC = 2AE (Subst.)
4. AB = AD + DB, AC = AE + EC (Seg. Add. Post.) 7. (Div. Prop.)
5. (Subst.)
8. (Trans. Prop.)
6. (Refl. Prop.)
9. (Refl. Prop.)
7. (SAS Similarity)
10. (SAS Similarity)
12. (If corr. angles are , the lines are
|| .)
parallel.)
32. Theorem 7.7
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
13. (Def. of polygons) Page 14
SOLUTION:
14. (Substitution Prop.)
Theorem 7.7 states that a midsegment of a triangle is
9. (Refl. Prop.) 14. (Substitution Prop.)
10. (SAS Similarity) 15. 2DE = BC (Mult. Prop.)
7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts 16. (Division Prop.)
parallel.)
Refer to
15. 2DE = BC (Mult. Prop.)
16. (Division Prop.) 33. If ST = 8, TR = 4, and PT = 6, find QR.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
Since , we know that and
Given: D is the midpoint of
. Therefore, by AA Similarity,
E is the midpoint of .

Use the definition of similar polygons to create a
proportion:
Prove:
Proof: We know that SR = 8 + 4 =12. Substitute values and
Statements (Reasons) solve for QR.

1. D is the midpoint of E is the midpoint of
(Given)
2. (Midpoint Thm.)
3. AD = DB, AE = EC (Def. of segs.)
4. AB = AD + DB, AC = AE + EC (Seg. Add. Post.)
5. AB = AD + AD, AC = AE + AE (Subst.)
6. AB = 2AD, AC = 2AE (Subst.) ANSWER:
9
7. (Div. Prop.)
34. If SP = 4, PT = 6, and QR = 12, find SQ.
8. (Trans. Prop.)
SOLUTION:
9. (Refl. Prop.) Since , we know that and
.
parallel.) Use the definition of similar polygons to set up a
13. (Def. of polygons) proportion:

15. 2DE = BC (Mult. Prop.) Substitute and solve for SQ:
16. (Division Prop.)
Refer to

ANSWER:
8
33. If ST = 8, TR = 4, and PT = 6, find QR.
ANSWER:
9
8
34. If SP = 4, PT = 6, and QR = 12, find SQ. 35. If CE = t – 2, EB = t + 1, CD = 2, and CA = 10, find t

and CE.
SOLUTION:
Since , we know that and
.

Use the definition of similar polygons to set up a
proportion: SOLUTION:
Substitute and solve for SQ: into segments of proportional lengths.


Since CA = 10 and CD = 2, then DA =10-2= 8.

Substitute and solve for t.
ANSWER:
8
35. If CE = t – 2, EB = t + 1, CD = 2, and CA = 10, find t

and CE.

Find CE.
SOLUTION:
into segments of proportional lengths. ANSWER:
3, 1
36. If WX = 7, WY = a, WV = 6, and VZ = a – 9, find WY.

Since CA = 10 and CD = 2, then DA =10-2= 8.

Substitute and solve for t.
SOLUTION:

So, a= WY = 21.
ANSWER:
3, 1 21
36. If WX = 7, WY = a, WV = 6, and VZ = a – 9, find WY. 37. If QR = 2, XW = 12, QW = 15, and ST = 5, find RS

and WV.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.

Since WY = a and WX = 7, XY = a – 7. Since QW = 15 and WX = 12, then QX = 3.

Substitute and solve for a. Substitute and solve for RS.

Additionally, we know that .

So, a= WY = 21.
Substitute and solve for WV.
ANSWER:
21
37. If QR = 2, XW = 12, QW = 15, and ST = 5, find RS

and WV.
ANSWER:
8, 7.5
38. If LK = 4, MP = 3, PQ = 6, KJ = 2, RS = 6, and LP =
SOLUTION: 2, find ML, QR, QK, and JH.

SOLUTION:
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eSolutions If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and Page 17
Since QW = 15 and WX = 12, then QX = 3. intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides

Finally, by Triangle Proportionality Theorem,
7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts . Substitute and solve for JH.
SOLUTION:


Substitute and solve for ML. ANSWER:
2, 3, 6, 4
39. MATH HISTORY The sector compass was a tool

perfected by Galileo in the sixteenth century for
measurement. To draw a segment two-fifths the
length of a given segment, align the ends of the arms
with the given segment. Then draw a segment at the
40 mark. Write a justification that explains why the
Also, we know that .
sector compass works for proportional measurement.
Substitute and solve for
Because , by AA Similarity, we
know that .
SOLUTION:
Substitute and solve for QK.
To prove that two corresponding sides of two
triangles are the same ratio as another pair of
corresponding sides, you need to first establish that
the triangles are similar. Once this is completed, a
proportion statement can be written, relating the
proportional sides. Substitute in given values from the
diagram to prove that .
Finally, by Triangle Proportionality Theorem,

. Substitute and solve for JH.

ANSWER:
7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts

Determine the value of x so that
40. AB = x + 5, BD = 12, AC = 3x + 1, and CF = 15

SOLUTION:
ANSWER: If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and


Substitute.

Determine the value of x so that
ANSWER:
40. AB = x + 5, BD = 12, AC = 3x + 1, and CF = 15
3
SOLUTION:
Triangle Proportionality Theorem: 41. AC = 15, BD = 3x – 2, CF = 3x + 2, and AB = 12
intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides SOLUTION:
into segments of proportional lengths. Triangle Proportionality Theorem:
Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides

Substitute.

Substitute.

ANSWER:
3
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero ANSWER: Page 19

41. AC = 15, BD = 3x – 2, CF = 3x + 2, and AB = 12
6
SOLUTION:
The midpoint of = .
ANSWER: The midpoint of =
7-4 Parallel
3 Lines and Proportional Parts
.

41. AC = 15, BD = 3x – 2, CF = 3x + 2, and AB = 12
SOLUTION:
Use the distance formula.

Substitute.

The segment is parallel to because the slopes

are both and the segment length is half of
ANSWER: Thus, the segment is the midsegment of
6
ANSWER:
42. COORDINATE GEOMETRY has
vertices A(–8, 7), B(0, 1), and C(7, 5). Draw
Determine the coordinates of the
midsegment of that is parallel to Justify
your answer.
SOLUTION:
The endpoints of the midsegment are (–4, 4) and (–

0.5, 6). Sample answer: The segment is parallel to
because the slopes are both and the segment
length is half of Thus, the segment is the

midsegment of
43. HOUSES Refer to the diagram of the gable. Each

piece of siding is a uniform width. Find the lengths of
Use the midpoint formula to
and
determine the midpoints of and .

The midpoint of = .
The midpoint of =
.
SOLUTION:
All the triangles are isosceles. Segment EH is the
midsegment of triangle ABC . Therefore, segment
EH is the half of the length of AC, which is 35 ÷ 2 or
44. a segment separated into five congruent segments
because the slopes are both and the segment
SOLUTION:
length is Lines
7-4 Parallel Thus, the segment is the
half ofand Proportional Parts Step 1: Construct an angle with vertex A, as shown
midsegment of below:

43. HOUSES Refer to the diagram of the gable. Each
piece of siding is a uniform width. Find the lengths of
and

Step 2: With your compass on vertex A, choose a
radius and make an arc on the diagonal, as shown
SOLUTION:
below:
All the triangles are isosceles. Segment EH is the
midsegment of triangle ABC . Therefore, segment
EH is the half of the length of AC, which is 35 ÷ 2 or
17.5 feet. Similarly, FG is the midsegment of triangle
BEH, so FG = 17.5 ÷ 2 or 8.75 feet.
To find DJ, use the vertical altitude which is 12 feet.
Let the altitude from B to the segment AC meet the
segment DJ at K. Find BC using the Pythagorean
Theorem.
2 2 2
BC = BK + KC Step 3: With your compass on the new point formed
2 2 2
BC = 12 + 17.5 on the diagonal, keep the same radius and make
another arc further down the diagonal side of the
BC =
angle. Continue this process until you have five arcs,
like below:
Since the width of each piece of siding is the same,
BJ = BC, which is about or 15.92 in.
Now, use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.

Step 4: Using a straight edge, draw a segment that
connects each new point back to the horizontal side
of the angle, perpendicular to that side, as shown
below:
ANSWER:
8.75 in., 17.5 in., 26.25 in.
CONSTRUCTIONS Construct each segment as

directed.
44. a segment separated into five congruent segments
SOLUTION:
Step 1: Construct an angle with vertex A, as shown
below:
Step 5. Label the points formed on the horizontal side
of the angle and erase any extra length beyond the
last point.

Step 5. Label the points formed on the horizontal side
of the angle and erase any extra length beyond the
last point. Step 3: Continue this process until you have four
arcs. When you connect the points on the diagonal
back to the horizontal, make sure the connecting lines
are all parallel to each other. ( Since you want
segment lengths at a ratio of 1 to 3, this can be
created by 4 equal smaller segments, where three
can be pieced together to make one that is 3/4 the
original length.)

ANSWER:
Sample answer:

Step 4: Label the first point B and the last point C.
.

45. a segment separated into two segments in which

their lengths have a ratio of 1 to 3
SOLUTION:
Step 1: Make an angle, with vertex A, as shown
below:
ANSWER:
Sample answer:

Step 2: With your compass on vertex A, make an arc
that passes through the diagonal side of the angle.
Connect this new point back to the horizontal side of
the angle. Label B as the new point made on the
46. a segment 3 inches long, separated into four
horizontal side of the angle, as shown below.
congruent segments

SOLUTION:
Step 1: Copy a 3 inch segment. horizontally. Then,
make an angle, with vertex A, as shown below:

StepManual
eSolutions 3: Continue thisbyprocess
- Powered Cognero until
you have four Page 22
congruent segments

SOLUTION:
Step 1: Copy a 3 inch segment. horizontally. Then,
make an angle, with vertex A, as shown below: ANSWER:
Sample answer:
47. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this

Step 2: With your compass on vertex A, make an arc problem, you will explore angle bisectors and
that passes through the diagonal side of the angle. proportions.
Connect this new point back to the horizontal side of a. GEOMETRIC Draw three triangles, one acute,
the angle. Label B as the new point made on the one right, and one obtuse. Label one triangle ABC
horizontal side of the angle, as shown below. and draw angle bisector Label the second MNP
with angle bisector and the third WXY with
angle bisector
b. TABULAR Complete the table at the right with
the appropriate values.
c. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the segments
of a triangle created
by an angle bisector.

Step 3: Continue this process until you have four
are all parallel to each other.

SOLUTION:
Step 4: Label the points as shown. AB = BC = CD = a. When drawing the triangles, pay close attention
DE to the directions and labeling instructions. Use a
protractor, or construction tool, when making the
angle bisectors, to ensure accurate measurement
values for the table.

Sample answer:

ANSWER:
Sample answer:
Sample answer: The proportion of the segments
protractor, or construction tool, when making the created by the angle bisector of a triangle is equal to
angle bisectors, to ensure accurate measurement the proportion of their respective consecutive sides.
values for the table.
ANSWER:
Sample answer: a. Sample answer:
b. Carefully measure the indicated lengths in b.

centimeters.
c. Sample answer: The proportion of the segments

c. Look for a pattern in the table, specifically created by the angle bisector of a triangle is equal to
comparing the lengths of the ratios of sides for each the proportion of their respective consecutive sides.
triangle.
48. CCSS CRITIQUE Jacob and Sebastian are finding

Sample answer: The proportion of the segments the value of x in Jacob says that MP is one
created by the angle bisector of a triangle is equal to half of JL, so x is 4.5. Sebastian says that JL is one
the proportion of their respective consecutive sides. half of MP, so x is 18. Is either of them correct?
Explain.
ANSWER:
a. Sample answer:
SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
Jacob; sample answer: Since M is the midpoint Page
of 24
and P is the midpoint of , then is the
midsegment of . Therefore,
ANSWER:
c. Sample answer: The proportion of the segments Jacob; sample answer: is the midsegment, so
7-4 Parallel Lines
created by and Proportional
the angle Parts is equal to
bisector of a triangle
the proportion of their respective consecutive sides.
48. CCSS CRITIQUE Jacob and Sebastian are finding 49. REASONING In AF = FB and AH = HC.
the value of x in Jacob says that MP is one
half of JL, so x is 4.5. Sebastian says that JL is one If D is of the way from A to B and E is of the
half of MP, so x is 18. Is either of them correct? way from A to C, is DE sometimes, always, or
Explain.
never of BC? Explain.
SOLUTION:
Jacob; sample answer: Since M is the midpoint of
SOLUTION:
and P is the midpoint of , then is the Always; sample answer: Since FA=FB, then F is a
midsegment of . Therefore,
midpoint of . Similarly, since AH=HC and H is
the midpoint of .

Therefore, FH is a midsegment of so
and .

Let BC = x, then

Because , we know that FHCB is a
ANSWER: trapezoid, so

Jacob; sample answer: is the midsegment, so
49. REASONING In AF = FB and AH = HC.

If D is of the way from A to B and E is of the
way from A to C, is DE sometimes, always, or
never of BC? Explain.
ANSWER:
Always; sample answer: FH is a midsegment. Let
BC = x, then FHCB is a trapezoid, so
SOLUTION: Therefore,
Always; sample answer: Since FA=FB, then F is a
midpoint of . Similarly, since AH=HC and H is
the midpoint of .
CHALLENGE Write a two-column proof.
Therefore, FH is a midsegment of so 50. Given: AB = 4, BC = 4, and CD = DE
and . Prove:

Let BC = x, then
17. (If corr. angles are , lines are ||.)

CHALLENGE Write a two-column proof. Proof:
50. Given: AB = 4, BC = 4, and CD = DE Statements (Reasons)
Prove: 1. AB = 4, BC = 4 (Given)
2. AB = BC (Sub.)
3. AB + BC = AC (Seg. Add. Post.)
4. BC + BC = AC (Subst.)
5. 2BC = AC (Sub.)
6. AC = 2BC (Symm. Prop).
SOLUTION: 7. (Div. Prop.)
An effective strategy for this proof is to think of a
way to get , by SAS Similarity. We 8. ED = DC (Given)
already know that , so we need to 9. ED + DC = EC (Seg. Add. Post.)
10. DC + DC = EC (Sub.)
establish that . You can show that 2BC = 11. 2DC = EC (Sub.)
AC and 2DC = EC, through the given information 12. (Div. Prop.)
and substitution into Segment Addition Postulate
statements. Once this is done, you can prove that 13. (Trans. Prop.)
by transitive property. Once the triangles 14. (Reflexive Prop.)
are proven similar, then the lines can be proven 15. (SAS Similarity)
parallel by choosing a pair of congruent 16. (Def. of polygons)
corresponding angles from the similar triangles. 17. (If corr. angles are , lines are ||.)

,
51. OPEN ENDED Draw three segments, a, b, and c,
Proof: of all different lengths. Draw a fourth segment, d,
Statements (Reasons) such that
1. AB = 4, BC = 4 (Given)
2. AB = BC (Subst.)
SOLUTION:
4. BC + BC = AC (Subst.) By Corollary 7.1, we know that if we draw three
5. 2BC = AC (Subtraction property.) parallel lines intersected by two transversals, then
6. AC = 2BC (Symm. Prop). they will cut the transversals proportionally or
, as seen in the diagram below.
7. (Div. Prop.)

8. ED = DC (Given)
9. ED + DC = EC (Seg. Add. Post.)
10. DC + DC = EC (Subst.)
11. 2DC = EC (Subst.)
12. (Div. Prop.)
13. (Trans. Prop.)
ANSWER:
14. (Reflexive Prop.)
17. (If corr. angles are , lines are ||.)
ANSWER:
Proof:
1. AB = 4, BC = 4 (Given) By Corollary 7.1,
2. AB = BC (Sub.)
4. BC + BC = AC (Subst.) 52. WRITING IN MATH Compare the Triangle
14. (Reflexive Prop.)
15. (SAS Similarity) ANSWER:
16. (Def. of polygons) Both theorems deal with a parallel line inside the
7-4 Parallel
17. Lines
(If corr. angles are Parts
and Proportional , lines are ||.) triangle. The Midsegment Theorem is a special case
of the Converse of the Proportionality Theorem.
51. OPEN ENDED Draw three segments, a, b, and c, 53. SHORT RESPONSE What is the value of x?
of all different lengths. Draw a fourth segment, d,
such that
SOLUTION:
By Corollary 7.1, we know that if we draw three
SOLUTION:
parallel lines intersected by two transversals, then
they will cut the transversals proportionally or By Corollary 7.2, .

, as seen in the diagram below.
Solve for x.

ANSWER:
8
ANSWER: 54. If the vertices of triangle JKL are (0, 0), (0, 10) and
(10, 10) then the area of triangle JKL is
2
A 20 units
B 30 units2
2
C 40 units
D 50 units2
SOLUTION:
By Corollary 7.1,
52. WRITING IN MATH Compare the Triangle

Proportionality Theorem and the Triangle
Midsegment Theorem.
So, the correct choice is D.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
Both theorems deal with a parallel line inside the
triangle. The Midsegment Theorem is a special case D
of the Converse of the Proportionality Theorem.
55. ALGEBRA A breakfast cereal contains wheat, rice,
ANSWER: and oats in the ratio 2 : 4: 1. If the manufacturer
Both theorems deal with a parallel line inside the makes a mixture using 110 pounds of wheat, how
triangle. The Midsegment Theorem is a special case many pounds of rice will be used?
of the Converse of the Proportionality Theorem. F 120 lb
G 220 lb
53. SHORT RESPONSE What is the value of x? H 240 lb
J 440 lb
SOLUTION:
Since the ratio of rice to wheat is 4: 2, we can set up
a proportion to find the amount of rice needed for
110 pounds of wheat.
SOLUTION:
By Corollary 7.2, .

Solve for x.
So, the correct choice is D. The correct answer is G, 220 lb.
ANSWER:
D G
55. ALGEBRA A breakfast cereal contains wheat, rice, 56. SAT/ACT If the area of a circle is 16 square
and oats in the ratio 2 : 4: 1. If the manufacturer meters, what is its radius in meters?
makes a mixture using 110 pounds of wheat, how
many pounds of rice will be used? A
F 120 lb
G 220 lb B
H 240 lb
J 440 lb C
SOLUTION: D 12π
Since the ratio of rice to wheat is 4: 2, we can set up E 16π
a proportion to find the amount of rice needed for
SOLUTION:
110 pounds of wheat.
Since the area of a circle can be found with
, we can substitute in 16 for the area (A)
and solve for r.

The correct answer is G, 220 lb.
ANSWER:
G
56. SAT/ACT If the area of a circle is 16 square

meters, what is its radius in meters?
A
B
Therefore, the answer is A.
C

D 12π
E 16π ANSWER:
SOLUTION: A
Since the area of a circle can be found with ALGEBRA Identify the similar triangles. Then
, we can substitute in 16 for the area (A) find the measure(s) of the indicated segment(s).
and solve for r. 57.

SOLUTION:
by the Vertical Angles Theorem.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Since , Page 28
by the Alternate
Interior Angles Theorem.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
by AA Similarity; 6.25
A
ALGEBRA Identify the similar triangles. Then 58.

find the measure(s) of the indicated segment(s).
57.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: , since right angles are
by the Vertical Angles Theorem. congruent. , since .

Since , by the Alternate
Therefore, by SAS Similarity, .
Interior Angles Theorem.

Write a proportion using the definition of similar
Therefore, by AA Similarity, . polygons to find the value of x.

To find AB or x, write a proportion using the
definition of similar polygons.

Substitute this value for x to find RT and RS.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
58.
by SAS Similarity; 15, 20
59.
SOLUTION:
, since right angles are
congruent. , since . SOLUTION:
by the Reflexive Property of
Therefore, by SAS Similarity, . Congruence.

Write a proportion using the definition of similar Since , by the
polygons to find the value of x. Corresponding Angles Theorem.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Therefore, by AA Similarity, . Page 29

ANSWER: ANSWER:
by SAS Similarity; 15, 20 by AA Similarity; 7.5
59. 60. SURVEYING Mr. Turner uses a carpenter’s square

to find the distance across a stream. The carpenter’s
square models right angle NOL. He puts the square
on top of a pole that is high enough to sight along
to point P across the river. Then he sights along
to point M . If MK is 1.5 feet and OK is 4.5 feet,
find the distance KP across the stream.
SOLUTION:
by the Reflexive Property of
Congruence.

Since , by the
Corresponding Angles Theorem.

Therefore, by AA Similarity, . SOLUTION:
By AA Similarity, .
polygons to find the value of x. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find MO.

So, WT = 12.5. WT + TY = WY by the Segment
Addition Postulate. Since WY = 20, you can solve for

TY.
Write a proportion using corresponding sides of the

two triangles:

ANSWER:
60. SURVEYING Mr. Turner uses a carpenter’s square

to find the distance across a stream. The carpenter’s
square models right angle NOL. He puts the square
on top of a pole that is high enough to sight along
to point P across the river. Then he sights along
to point M . If MK is 1.5 feet and OK is 4.5 feet, Therefore, the distance KP is about 13.5 feet.
find the distance KP across the stream.
ANSWER:
13.5 ft
COORDINATE GEOMETRY For each

quadrilateral with the given vertices, verify that
the quadrilateral is a trapezoid and determine
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero whether the figure is an isosceles trapezoid.Page 30
61. Q(–12, 1), R(–9, 4), S(–4, 3), T(–11, –4)
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
13.5 ft
QRST is an isosceles trapezoid
COORDINATE
7-4 Parallel Lines andGEOMETRY
Proportional For
Partseach
quadrilateral with the given vertices, verify that since RS = = QT.
the quadrilateral is a trapezoid and determine
whether the figure is an isosceles trapezoid. 62. A(–3, 3), B(–4, –1), C(5, –1), D(2, 3)
61. Q(–12, 1), R(–9, 4), S(–4, 3), T(–11, –4)
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Use the slope formula to find the slope of the sides of

the quadrilateral.

Use the slope formula to find the slope of the sides of
the quadrilateral.

The slopes of exactly one pair of opposite sides are
equal. So, they are parallel. Therefore, the
quadrilateral ABCD is a trapezoid.
The slopes of exactly one pair of opposite sides are
equal. So, this quadrilateral has only one pair of Use the Distance Formula to find the lengths of the
parallel sides. legs of the trapezoid.
Therefore, the quadrilateral QRST is a trapezoid.

Use the Distance Formula to find the lengths of the
legs of the trapezoid.

The lengths of the legs are not equal. Therefore,
ABCD is not an isosceles trapezoid.

The lengths of the legs are equal. Therefore, QRST ANSWER:
is an isosceles trapezoid. ABCD is a trapezoid, but not
ANSWER: isosceles since AB = and CD = 5.
QRST is an isosceles trapezoid
Point S is the incenter of Find each
since RS = = QT. measure.
62. A(–3,
eSolutions 3), B(–4,
Manual –1),by
- Powered C(5, –1),
Cognero D(2, 3) Page 31
SOLUTION:

ANSWER: SK= SQ = 6
ABCD is a trapezoid, but not ANSWER:

6
isosceles since AB = and CD = 5.
Point S is the incenter of Find each 64. QJ

measure.
SOLUTION:
Since S is the incenter of , then it is formed
by the angle bisectors of each vertex. is the angle
bisector of therefore, by the Angle Bisector
Theorem, SK= SQ.

Use Pythagorean Theorem in the right triangle JSK.
63. SQ

SOLUTION:
by the angle bisectors of each vertex. is the angle
bisector of therefore, by the Angle Bisector
Theorem, SK= SQ.

Use Pythagorean Theorem in the right triangle JSQ
to find QJ.

SK= SQ = 6

ANSWER: Therefore QJ=8.
6
64. QJ ANSWER:
8
SOLUTION:
Since S is the incenter of , then it is formed 65. m∠MPQ
by the angle bisectors of each vertex. is the angle SOLUTION:
bisector of therefore, by the Angle Bisector Since S is the incenter of , then it is formed
Theorem, SK= SQ.
by the angle bisectors of each vertex. is the

angle bisector of .

Therefore,

ANSWER:
56

66. m∠SJP
Use Pythagorean Theorem in the right triangle JSQ
to find QJ. SOLUTION:
by the angle bisectors of each vertex. is the

ANSWER:
56 37.5
66. m∠SJP Solve each proportion.

67.
SOLUTION:
Since S is the incenter of , then it is formed SOLUTION:
by the angle bisectors of each vertex. is the Solve for x.
angle bisector of .

Therefore,

and similarly, ANSWER:

68.

We know that sum of the measures of a triangle is
180. SOLUTION:
Solve for x.

We know that because is ANSWER:
an angle bisector of . Therefore, 6.7

69.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x.
ANSWER:
37.5
Solve each proportion.

67.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x.
ANSWER:
2.1
70.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero SOLUTION: Page 33

ANSWER: Solve for x.

ANSWER:
2.1
70.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x.

ANSWER:
3.6
71.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x.

ANSWER:
8.7

7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts

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7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts ANSWER:

1. If XM = 4, XN = 6, and NZ = 9, find XY. 2. If XN = 6, XM = 2, and XY = 10, find NZ.

2. If XN = 6, XM = 2, and XY = 10, find NZ.

By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem,

The distance between 5th Avenue and City Mall

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

ALGEBRA Find x and y.

10. If AB = 6, BC = 4, and AE = 9, find ED.

13. If AD = 27, AB = 8, and AE = 12, find BC.

Determine whether Justify your

15. VX = 7.5, ZX = 24, WY = 27.5, and WX = 40

By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem,

22. CCSS MODELING In Charleston, South Carolina,

By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem,

So, the distance from Smith to Logan is 891 ft.

So, the lower distance between the first two dancers

ALGEBRA Find x and y.

ALGEBRA Find x and y.

ANSWER: AB = BC by definition of congruence.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Therefore, = 1. By substitution, 1 = Thus,

Therefore, = 1. By substitution, 1 = Thus, Prove:

DE = EF. By definition of congruence,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 15

34. If SP = 4, PT = 6, and QR = 12, find SQ. 35. If CE = t – 2, EB = t + 1, CD = 2, and CA = 10, find t

35. If CE = t – 2, EB = t + 1, CD = 2, and CA = 10, find t

36. If WX = 7, WY = a, WV = 6, and VZ = a – 9, find WY. 37. If QR = 2, XW = 12, QW = 15, and ST = 5, find RS

37. If QR = 2, XW = 12, QW = 15, and ST = 5, find RS

39. MATH HISTORY The sector compass was a tool

Finally, by Triangle Proportionality Theorem,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 18

40. AB = x + 5, BD = 12, AC = 3x + 1, and CF = 15

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero ANSWER: Page 19

The segment is parallel to because the slopes

The endpoints of the midsegment are (–4, 4) and (–

length is half of Thus, the segment is the

43. HOUSES Refer to the diagram of the gable. Each

CONSTRUCTIONS Construct each segment as

45. a segment separated into two segments in which

47. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this

b. Carefully measure the indicated lengths in b.

c. Sample answer: The proportion of the segments

49. REASONING In AF = FB and AH = HC.

7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts ANSWER:

52. WRITING IN MATH Compare the Triangle

The correct answer is G, 220 lb.

56. SAT/ACT If the area of a circle is 16 square

ALGEBRA Identify the similar triangles. Then 58.

59. 60. SURVEYING Mr. Turner uses a carpenter’s square

60. SURVEYING Mr. Turner uses a carpenter’s square

COORDINATE GEOMETRY For each

Use the slope formula to find the slope of the sides of

ABCD is a trapezoid, but not ANSWER:

Point S is the incenter of Find each 64. QJ

66. m∠SJP Solve each proportion.

Solve each proportion.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero SOLUTION: Page 33

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 34

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