Basic Rotary Manual

Compressor Drive

Introduction .............................................................. 3
Internal Protection ................................................... 4
NEMA Ratings……………………...…………………..6
ODP & TEFC Motors…………… ....................... …...7
Service Factor ......................................................... 8
Short Test ................................................................ 9

In this section, you will learn
• The class of insulation applied to SSR
motors.
• The maximum winding temperature rise
applied to SSR motors
• About the International Protection rating
system.
• SSR motors service factor.
Introduction
The prime mover, or driver, of a compressor is the
main power source that provides the energy. The
driver, through a coupling or other connection, must
provide the power to start the compressor,
accelerate it to full speed and keep the unit
operating under any design condition of capacity
and power.
Electric motors are the most widely used drivers for
air compressor and process compressor
applications. Electric motors have many advantages
over other types of drivers; these include:
• Readily available power supply
• Relatively simple construction
• Available in numerous sizes and power ratings
• Ease of start-up and shutdown
• No emissions
AC Power for Electric Motors
AC motors are one common type of motor found in
many types of manufacturing. Three-phase induction
motors are the kind most often used. This section
focuses on three-phase (3Ø) AC induction motors
(Ø = phase, phi).
SSR Dedicated Motors
The main drive motor is exactly matched to the
requirements of the SSR. Torque and load
requirements of the compressor were matched to
specific design criteria that enabled the SSR motor
to develop peak efficiency and power factor at full
load.
Frame
Motor frame and brackets are of fabricated steel with
cast iron end shields. This provides maximum
Rotary Training Manual
IR Global Service Education Team
Issue: 05/DSA, December, 2008. ©Ingersoll-Rand Proprietary Information
T302 Basic Rotary
Compressor Drive
strength and rigidity for bearing support, uniform
stator/rotor gap and flanged permanent alignment of
all mating parts.
Electrical Design
Speed, torque and operating characteristics have
been designed to match the load of the compressor.
Motor efficiency and power factor have been
optimised to cover the entire capacity range of the
SSR compressor and are all rated at 46ºC (115°F)
ambient.
Bearings
Ball and roller bearings for the drive end provide
dependable and reliable service.
!
Note
Refer to specific maintenance manual for
greasing requirements and intervals
Insulation
Most SSR motors have a class F insulation as
standard. That means it is rated at continuous duty
for up to a 115ºC (239°F) temperature rise.
However no SSR motor is ever applied for a
temperature rise over 89ºC (192°F), a difference of
26ºC (47°F). The extra thermal capacity built into
every SSR motor means more reliability, increased
life, and a much more forgiving motor under adverse
conditions.
Maximum winding temperature for Class F insulation
motors is 155ºC - 160ºC (311°F - 320°F) maximum
Class F Temperature Rise applied to SSR
Compressors:
Ambient Temperature 46ºC / 115°F
Winding Temp Rise 89ºC / 192°F
Hot Spot Allowance 15ºC / 27°F
Tolerance 5ºC / 9°F
Total 155ºC / 311°F
Enclosure
Depending on the operating and environmental
conditions, the enclosure of the motors should
provide protection against detrimental effects of
water, foreign matter and dust; accidental contact
with internal rotating and live parts.
The degrees of production used with three-phase
motors are designed by a symbol consisting of two
letters and two numerals, some designations
including an additional characteristic letter.
Page 3
 T302 Basic Rotary
Compressor Drive

IP (International Protection) Ingersoll-Rand has standardised on two

The letters designate the degree of protection
against contact with live or moving parts inside
the enclosure and the ingress of solid foreign
bodies and water.
The first number designates the degree of
protection of persons against contact
with live or moving parts inside the
enclosure and the ingress of solid
foreign bodies.
0 = No protection
1 = Solid objects up to 50mm, e.g.,
accidental touch by hand.
2 = Solid objects up to 12mm, e.g.,
fingers.
3 = Solid objects over 2.5mm, e.g., tools
and wires
4 = Solid objects over 1mm, e.g., tools
and wires
5 = Protection against dust, limited entry
allowed.
6 = Totally dust tight
International Protection (IP) ratings used within
industry:
2 = Contact & Impurities
• Protection against contact of live parts
or approach to as well as finger contact
or contact with similar parts not longer
than 80mm inside the housing.
• Protection against penetration of
impurities with a diameter of more than
12mm.
IP23
3 = Protection against Water
Water spray at an angle of up to
60o from the vertical line must not
cause any damage.
5 = Contact & Impurities
Complete protection against contact of

IP00 live parts or approach to parts being

live as well as contact with moving
parts inside the housing.

The last number designates the degree

of protection against harmful ingress of
water (no protection against oil).
IP54
0 = No protection 4 = Protection against Water
1 = Vertically falling drops of water, Water splashed from any
e.g., condensation direction.
2 = Direct sprays of water up to 15o
from vertical
3 = Sprays to 60o from vertical
4 = Water sprayed from all directions
limited entry permitted
5 = Low pressure jets of water from all
directions limited entry permitted
6 = Strong jets of water, e.g., ship
decks
7 = Temporary immersion, 15cm to 1m
(6 inches to 3 feet)
8 = Permanent immersion, under
pressure

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 T302 Basic Rotary
Compressor Drive

NEMA Ratings

NEMA 1 General Purpose - Indoors
Type 1 enclosures are intended for general
purpose indoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against contact with
the enclosed equipment or locations where
unusual service conditions do not exist.
NEMA 2 Drip Proof - Indoors
Type 2 enclosures are intended for general
purpose indoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against limited
amounts of falling water and dirt.
NEMA 3 Dust Tight, Rain Tight, & Ice/
Sleet resistant - Indoors/Outdoors
Type 3 enclosures are intended for general
purpose outdoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against windblown
dust, rain, and sleet; and to be undamaged
by the formation of ice on the enclosure.
NEMA 3R Rain Proof & Ice/Sleet Proof -
Indoors/Outdoors
Type 3R enclosures are intended for gen-
eral purpose outdoor use primarily to pro-
vide a degree of protection against falling
rain; and to be undamaged by the formation
of ice on the enclosure.
NEMA 4 Water Tight & Dust Tight - In-
doors/Outdoors
Type 4 enclosures are intended for general
purpose indoor or outdoor use primarily to
provide a degree of protection against wind-
blown dust and rain, splashing water, and
hose directed water; and to be undamaged
by the formation of ice on the enclosure.
NEMA 4x Water Tight, Dust Tight, & Cor-
rosion Resistant - Indoors/Outdoors
Type 4X enclosures are intended for gen-
eral purpose indoor and outdoor use pri-
marily to provide a degree of protection
against corrosion, windblown dust and rain,
splashing water, and hose-directed water;
and to be undamaged by the formation of
ice on the enclosure.
NEMA 5 Superseded by NEMA 12 for
Control Apparatus
Type 5 see NEMA 12

NEMA 3S Dust Tight, Rain Tight, & Ice/

Sleet Proof - Outdoors
Type 3S enclosures are intended for gen-
eral purpose outdoor use primarily to pro-
vide a degree of protection against sleet;
and to be undamaged by the formation of
ice on the enclosure.

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 T302 Basic Rotary
Compressor Drive

NEMA 6 Submersible, Water Tight, Dust design tests, and aging of gaskets (if used).
Tight, & Ice/Sleet Resistant - Indoors/
Outdoors NEMA 10 Bureau of Mines
Type 6 enclosures are intended for general
purpose indoor or outdoor use primarily to NEMA 11 Corrosion Resistant & Drip
provide a degree of protection against the Proof - Oil Immersed - indoors
entry of water during temporary submersion
at a limited depth; and to be undamaged by NEMA 12 Industrial Use - Dust Tight &
the formation of ice on the enclosure. Drip Tight - Indoors
Type 12 enclosures are intended for indus-
NEMA 7 Underwriters Lab Class 1- trial indoor use primarily to provide a de-
Groups C&D -Explosion Proof - Indoors gree of protection against dust, falling dirt,
Type 7 enclosures are for indoor use in lo- and dripping non-corrosive liquids.
cations classified as Class I, Groups A, B,
C, or D, as defined in the National Electrical NEMA 13 Oil Tight & Dust Tight - Indoors
Code. Type 13 enclosures are intended for indus-
Type 7 enclosures shall be capable of with- trial indoor use primarily to provide a de-
standing the pressures resulting from an gree of protection against dust, spraying of
internal explosion of specified gases, and water, oil, and non-corrosive coolant.
contain such an explosion sufficiently that
an explosive gas-air mixture existing in the Comparing NEMA and IP enclosure rat-
atmosphere surrounding the enclosure will ings.
not be ignited. Enclosed heat generating This comparison is only approximate, and it
devices shall not cause external surfaces to is the responsibility of the user to verify the
reach temperatures capable of igniting ex- enclosure rating necessary for the given
plosive gas-air mixtures in the surrounding application.
atmosphere. Enclosures shall meet explo-
sion, hydro-static, and temperature design
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP
tests. NEMA
23 30 32 55 64 65 66 67
Enclosure
NEMA 8 Underwriters Lab Class 1-
Groups C&D -Explosion Proof - Indoors
Type 8 is same as NEMA 7, except the unit 1
is oil-immersed
2
NEMA 9 Underwriters' Lab Class II -
Groups E,F,G - Indoors
3
Type 9 enclosures are intended for special
purpose indoor use in locations classified
as hazardous (Class II, Groups E, F, or G, 4
as defined in the National Electrical Code).
Type 9 enclosures shall be capable of pre- 4X
venting the entrance of dust. Enclosed
heat generating devices shall not cause ex- 6
ternal surfaces to reach temperatures capa-
ble of igniting or discoloring dust on the en-
closure or igniting dust-air mixtures in the 12
surrounding atmosphere. Enclosures shall
meet dust penetration and temperature 13

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 T302 Basic Rotary
Compressor Drive

Open Drip Proof (ODP) ODP Motor

Typical ventilation system for IP23

ODP motors are designed for improved heat
dissipating capacity adopting a two-way end
ventilation system. This even flow of cooling air
throughout the machine provides ample cooling and
assures against localised heating or hot spots.

Air
Air Baffle
Baffle
Stator

Rotor Vanes
Rotor

Shaft

Bearings

Incoming Air Incoming Air

Outgoing Air

Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC)

Typical ventilation system for IP54 and IP55
TEFC Motor Standard TEFC cooling characteristics are that the
fan draws cooling air through the fan cover and
directs it evenly over the motor frame. In addition,
internal rotor vanes help to equally distribute the air
by circulating cooler air near the motor frame
towards the warmer internal components. This
generous, even flow of cooling air throughout the
machine provides ample cooling and assures
against localised heating or hot spots.

Outgoing Air

Cooling Fan Stator

Rotor Vane
Rotor

Shaft
Incoming Air

Bearing

Fan Cover
(Cowl)
Outgoing Air

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 T302 Basic Rotary
Compressor Drive

Service Factor 2. Voltage Drop which is dependant on the

The SSR motors have a 1.15 Service Factor (SF).
Maximum design shaft power = Nominal shaft power
x 1.15
The load point of the main drive motor is 1.10 to
1.13 SF.
This is the shaft output of the drive motor required to
turn the airend at the design discharge pressure of
the unit.
Thermal Protection
This leaves 0.02 to 0.05 SF to be absorbed as the
separator pressure drop increases during the
service life of the compressor.
A general rule of thumb is that pressure increased
by 1 psi would increase power by 0.5%.
impedance of the conductors, the load
current and the power factor of the load.
3. The Short Circuit Capacity which is
dependant on energy produced during a
short circuit.
The most economical cable is the minimum size
that will meet all three criteria
Overload protection is provided by a thermal
overload which monitors the current draw of the
motor. Shutdown is 120% of setting. Motor windings
are protected against over temperature by
thermistors linked to a relay in the starter panel.
Shut down is at 160ºC / 320°F (Class F rating).

Service Factor example—SSR M110kW (150hp)

Nominal motor shaft power is 110kW (150hp)

Fan Motor power is 2.5kW (3hp)

Max. Motor Load point is 110 x 1.15SF = 126.5kW

(150 x 1.15SF = 172.5hp)
Package power
at 1.15SF = 126.5 plus 2.5 (Fan) = 129kW
(172.5hp + 3hp fan = 175.5hp).

The customer supplied cables and protection

devices need to be selected and rated for the
maximum package power. This includes Main motor,
fan motors, oil pump motors, heaters, control system
and should consider motor service factors as
applicable

Three main electrical criteria are used for cable

selection. They are:

1. Current Rating which is dependant on

ambient conditions, the method of installation,
the characteristics of the cable affecting
maximum conductor temperature, internal
thermal resistance and external factors such
as thermal insulation which could affect the
external thermal resistance. Also the proximity
to other cables or other heat sources could
affect the current carrying capacity.

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