ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING
Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless
Communication Digital System
20/02/2017

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 Content

 Class Introduction
 Wireless Radio Channel
 Wireless Access Technology
 Wireless Standards
 WLAN 802.11 System

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 Class Introduction

 Course: Advanced Digital Signal Processing – Wireless

Communication DSP
 Lecturer: Dr. Lam Duc Khai
 Office: E602 – University of Information Technology

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 Class Introduction

 Scopes:
Understand wireless communication system – WiFi
Understand wireless transmission channel
Understand how the wireless signal is channel coded/decoded
Understand how the wireless signal is M-QAM
modulated/demodulated
Understand how the wireless signal is OFDM
modulated/demodulated
Understand how the wireless signal is MIMO coded/decoded
Understand how the wireless signal is MU- MIMO
coded/decoded
Understand how the wireless signal is encrypted/decrypted.
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 Grading System

 Mid-exam (project ?): 25%

 Final-exam (project ?): 50%
 Hard-working (attendance, exercise): 25%

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 Wireless Networks

 This lecture covers WiFi technologies

 It does not cover

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 IEEE 802 Wireless technologies

Network definition IEEE standard Known as

Wireless personal area IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth

network (WPAN)
Low-rate WPAN (LR- IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee
WPAN)
Wireless local area network IEEE 802.11 WiFi
(WLAN)
Wireless metroplitan area IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
network (WMAN)

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 WiFi Generations

11k 11s 11aa

MAC 11e
RRM Mesh Video Transport
QoS

11v
11h 11u
Network
DFS & TPC WIEN
Management 11ae
QoS Mgt Frames
11d 11i
Intl roaming Security 11z
TDLS 11w
Management
11f Frame
IEEE Inter AP 11r
Security
Fast Roam
Std 802.11 802.11 802.11 802.11
802.11 -2003 -2007 -2012 -2016 (TBC)
-1997

11n
11a High 11af
11j
54 Mbps
JP bands Throughput TV Whitespace
5GHz (>100 Mbps)
11ac -VHT
>1 Gbps @ 5GHz
11b 11g 11y
11 Mbps 54 Mbps 11p Contention 11ad - VHT
2.4GHz 2.4GHz WAVE Based >1 Gbps @ 60GHz
Protocol
MAC
&
PHY
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 WiFi Next Generations

MAC 802.11
-2016
802.11aq
PAD
802.11aa
Video Transport
802.11ak
GLK
802.11ae
QoS Mgt Frames
802.11ai
LRLP TIG
802.11az FILS
NGP 802.11
Long Range
WNG Low Power -2012
802.11af
802.11ax 802.11ah
TVWS
HEW < 1Ghz
802.11ac
VHT 5GHz
802.11ay
NG60
802.11ad
VHT 60 GHz
802.11aj
MAC & PHY CMMW

Discussion TIG/Study TG without WG Sponsor Published Published

Topics groups Approved draft Letter Ballot Ballot Amendment Standard
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 WiFi Next Generation: 802.11ax

 Improve performance of WLAN

deployments in dense scenarios
 Targeting at least 4x improvement
in the per-STA throughput
compared to 802.11n and 802.11ac.
 Improved efficiency through spatial
reuse and enhanced power save
techniques.
 Dense scenarios are characterized
by large number of access points
and large number of associated Access to Internet, latest airlines’
STAs deployed in geographical announcements, and digital media
limited region, e.g. a stadium or an such as movies and sport events
airport.

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 WiFi Next Generation: 802.11ax

 Support multi-user (MU)

transmissions both in the Freq

frequency and in the spatial

domains PHY
Header
OFDMA


Sub-
Extend IEEE 802.11ac DL MU- STA#10 Band

20 MHz
STA#35
MIMO to UL direction STA#26

 Introduce OFDMA PHY layer and SS 1,2

STA#54

STA #3

the associated scheduling to ensure

20 MHz
SS 3,4,5 STA #8
per STA throughput.
 MAC enhancements to support Time
newly introduced mechanisms SS 6 STA #19

 Compatible with legacy devices.

MU-MIMO
Space

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 802.11 PHY Performance Trend

100 Gbps
10 year
10 Gbps yardstick

1 Gbps

100 Mbps

10 Mbps

1 Mbps 802.11
100 Kbps

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

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 ISM frequency bands

 ISM (Industrial, Scientific and

Medical) frequency bands:
 900 MHz band (902 … 928
MHz)
 2.4 GHz band (2.4 … 2.4835
GHz)
 5.8 GHz band (5.725 … 5.850
GHz)
 Anyone is allowed to use radio
equipment for transmitting in
these bands (provided specific
transmission power limits are
not exceeded) without
obtaining a license.
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 Wireless Radio Channel

 Attenuation is caused by reflection, diffraction,

scattering

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 Wireless Access Technologies

 Spectrum: basic resource

 User separation: Users must
be separated in some way
 Multiple access: separation
(“channels”) can be in
 frequency domain (different
frequency bands)
 time domain (different time slots)
 code domain (different spreading
codes)
 spatial domain (different Channel
Impulse Responses (CIRs) as seen
at multiple Rx antennas)

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 Channel Partition (FDMA and TDMA)

 Frequency division multiple access:

system spectral band is divided into
frequency slots
 A user is assigned with a
frequency slot (channel), who can
transmit continuously in time, but
its signal spectrum must be inside
its allocated frequency slot
 Time division multiple access:
transmission in time frames, and
each frame divided into time slots
 A user is assigned with a time slot
(channel), who can only transmit
in time bursts, i.e. in its allocated
time slots, and its signal spectrum
can occupy whole system spectral
band
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 Channel Partition (CDMA and SDMA)

 Code division multiple access: users

are separated in “code” domain
 Code rate Rc ≫ Rb data rate
 Users share same system frequency and
time resources
 CDMA resource: “orthogonal” codes
called channelization spreading codes
 Space division multiple access: users
are separated in “spatial” domain
 Users share same system frequency,
time and code resources
 SDMA relies on multi-antenna
techniques to distinguish users by
users’ specific CIRs
 Unlike FDMA, TDMA or CDMA,
where “channels” are orthogonal
 Users’ CIRs are not orthogonal, hence
SDMA is challenging but enhances
spectral efficiency to another level
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 MIMO Technology

 MIMO are used for diversity (spatial) gain

and/or multiplexing gain
 Create diversity for combating fading
 With sufficient antenna spacing (10
wavelengths), each antenna experiences
independent fading → When one signal is
in its deep fade, others are unlikely the
same
 Increase throughput
 Data stream is first S/P, each sub-sequence
mapped to an antenna → This creates many
“digital pipes” to support higher rate
 Support multiple users
 With multiple receive antennas, each
spatially separated user has a unique set of
CIRs seen at receiver → This enables
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 Massive MIMO

 Fundamentally, MIMO trades off between diversity gain and

multiplexing gain
 Diversity gain can be utilized to improve system’s performance
 Multiplexing gain can be utilized to increase system’s throughput, or alternatively
to support multiple users
 Beamforming technology can also be utilized to improve system’s
performance, or alternatively to support SDMA
 Transmit beamforming and receive beamforming
 Basically, MIMO combines frequency-domain/time-domain processing
with spatial domain processing
 For massive MIMO, such as millimeter Wave MIMO, huge number of
antennas can be realized in a very small areas
 Large antenna array can be utilized for multi-function MIMO: some antenna
elements for diversity, some for throughput or multiuser enhancement, some for
beamforming
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 Space-Time Processing

 Basic processing is in time domain, i.e. temporal filtering, or equivalently in frequency

domain
 With aid of multiple antennas (smart antenna), processing in spatial domain can be
exploited, e.g. space-time coding, beamforming, and space-time equalization
 Space-time processing are powerful technology for improving system capacity,
coverage and quality of service
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 WLAN communication system diagram

 802.11a PHY Tx and Rx block diagrams

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 WLAN communication system diagram

 802.11n PHY Tx block diagram: 1 spatial stream

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 WLAN communication system diagram

 802.11n PHY Tx block diagram: : 2 spatial streams

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 WLAN communication system diagram

 802.11ac PHY Tx block diagram for Single User

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 WLAN communication system diagram

 802.11ac PHY Tx block diagram for Multiple Users

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 END

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