Y ENGINEERING gl LTH & SAF Designing and calculating for flexible Horizontal Lifelines based on design code CSA 2259.16 by Mr Hoe Yee Pin, Trainer and Consultant, and Dr Goh Yang Miang, Assistant Professor, Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore This article uses two worked examples to ilustrate the fundamental design approach and ‘aleulations ofa Horizontal Lifeline (HLL) system, based on the design code Canadian Standards Association 2259.16. The upcoming Singapore Standard on ‘Specification for Design of Active Fal Protection Systems’ is based on the CSA 2259.16, The authors are members of the ‘Working Group for this upcoming Singapore Standard, HORIZONTAL LIFELINES. alin om igs the ead aie of wrk aes Sgepoe (Mn o Manpower 2013) Eo tome ie ‘chars renee i protean tems One ftefillprtecionsystensconmoyused nthe conto and maitenane nasties hora Les (HLL). ‘a Lic conponart that ecend hori fom one ed enchorage to sateen corso abe ne rade ‘or wes, fre rope wire rape. o od colts wih end termratons (Conan ants Aten 2004 pres 4 corto achrage ne t which ees can attach thet lar and other ares equernt are 1. —_ = ss Pe pe rl in Sn a po ‘Non-manufatured versus manufactured HLL systems Hilseantepenranestrtamporyandeiters matcred or nonmsnieured sen A mate lave per refers to a compete sem ‘ese Oy + marfctuer caven. 9 nonmanttred ‘sem rts aster tis rot dengrec by» malar ‘emayormay rete dare Proescna goes PE) Nenmanactured stems rural arb om sepate fl arest gen components which can be fm erent ufos Non mautacred stems ae mere conereny used than manlacured sere nthe Segarore eoaacion sty (oe. Got et a 2012) However non-mardactred tons |e more where to component eos nd roqure ‘mar conden 0 ene claire oft ston bp Sper is conenon prac to mig tisk by ‘erwang «PE odes he Hs Base on amy by Hoe 5 QDI2 eee ou of fae tr sap fom he ‘onstrctinindsry were dered erdoved by PEs Since noremanufactwed Hs which re deg Oy PE re wily ed tis peat tt PEs properly cesn KL store fineton efecey DESIGN OF HLL SYSTEMS ‘Common design mistakes ‘The pup of an HLL or ay other lat ste) isto rime uy tthe srs. the event of Two cron isates cesar rae re: * Consigeng onthe sent pos of he anchorages and the HLL compere and nage to eve the oflors te wr) sh he Manian Pre Fore (MA + Us sac asta pare te rami erponent greatedina ‘hese mites hae ed to svargh requrerents bing prosiy ndenestinted adie ay acrsbengneglected te eg (Wang Hoe et a 2014, Desig erteria for an effective HLL ‘i refrac to Fr | fer a HL. st to be eine inprotecing ie wx te flowing eta hae to bees ‘The stm components and thi anchorages ae of deqate srengh.n ore wisn the Masur rest Lesd (MAL) oF MAR prevent ae ~The MAS expenencod bythe weet) win acetble let mine he pot oinres + Thecarance heigh eqiedinateetnthe derance _alabe,t0 prevent te we) Fo hitig the ound or an ‘hracion th path ee (October 2014 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER | 21Gg Heart a SAFETY ENGINEERIN Comiince wth egal requirements + hike enet of tre & eng ft densce sae fo ‘Athenee he Werle Sey ard Heath (Wonk AL reer he er fom Ming an bec. he pound het Hess) Regul 2017 Regt I egies ha sree “A. are sytem of 0d ensructon sound mutes WORKED EXAMPLE 1: SINGLE-SPAN HLL WITH dedadegate Srengh SINGLE USER, Fire 2 hows a common dha stip of HLL wih 3 + Als anetontmicopontersntaterene stating Fare? ors cmon Gi an ti of ‘ee acing te eres ers boo ere 2a pe “The flovngifomation pron Fig 2 ope darts 410mm | Nomina Rope ZasicHodhs — € = SS8GRa Nomina Rope Unig e34Nin From th shove we an aad: =310 Batty (05 f,-( SHO sre Cah) =o Fee) tooooteia a 9988200715 m 'CoasmanEaTy) 22 | THESINGAPORE ENGINEER October 2014Stage tof al arest: onset ‘Assuming be user fal a midpan ofthe HUL The HLL vil 1g 1 esp sa before t begins to pide a gears ‘ecleraton fre to sop the fl (gure 3). Cap agi the Ste where the ia legth of he eal, a exer he recension fore, ules int two ewer sagt Inet ‘eer rom oe anchorage tothe poet ofl resto eon Siage aie “acon ourarasi we ave to mala some asanpsonon he prota re 5 4a et ite Deng hei above HLL archos HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING je appcton rd to th net aot acorae (Cnn | Senders Aaceston 209) = pied obo spt | Ine Hoc ing Pago Teeen | agcose@ = 10" semesters “Wet more acre ration nt | ranfocurer dma ae aes essere as ‘ey ae he osu lowed 28 | Par Pownch te A ceri i | 542259 16 cae 73.22 where Fig = 08 Fan sree | sss2ePare 2 str to Cea 2u50i1 Note We can abo ak = 3.2 (Goh 2014) Using he msirum user weg lowedin $58. ‘Asnarng harness D-igis an average of 1m fom ter at ho 5-H chor pon) = 15. asm = (Gis) - Ociober 2014 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER | 23BB HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING ‘Ween ao eet the Fee el FF) earns the Frehoes-tl, “DSH(s8082"10%}2= 2589 ‘Stage 2 of fll ares: energy absorption ‘The usar bing are Erry ae i ad perCsA 225516 Case Sage 21 Kei ney greet in thea wl be sorbed byte elongation or sgpng ofthe HL cle (ber an a The miboite sgh wil cant ul te ce the aye (reaches he deployment eee of he anes Psoral Erg saber FEA) Stage 22 At the PEAS clone farce, te FEA wl be \epoyed ands asus to be sll respon fr the sosrpon oth ena serrated by he ing war (HL “resto nop ending inthis) ‘Stage of tl arrest: Energy dissipation and tall arest ‘The PEA wil cote to extend uni he potential arg ‘etl sorbed an herein ery Ue ro. The ll ‘Analysing the fall using energy batance (Onespprachistobaince th eran enero and aro for tge 2 an then Sage 3. Siage 2 The fa ener garanted i sbiord by the "Bug ofthe HLL el, We fa th vue ofthe mire sag 9) 2 ih the ce th yd (eal othe PEA deloymant foes. For srengh ctins the PEA rari depart ce should be used as per CSA ZIS3.16 Chase 7331. Taw we find be mibokt seg by suesing an array vale for, then rag? et Stage 3 tn F reaches the PEA deleynent rc, the FEA | deployed. The sage ofthe HL hs aed ahcrbed Us ne he PEA il abr Ua at tend Honawee 2 the PEA extending eno i abo ing erated in aon t he ener rere ing he fo [AL Ths ene genet by the frat oer he ol | ance ho) Uae te ial energy sores he LL at 96 Uses be carpet rbd for he we came aso “To eae te cart witha abaya fo aPEA then esto BEA uh remain eer U0. ele do tot we fave to leat he lowing paramere Doak as Mipoint sag (rn) _ | 03 05 OSS 0551 05515 | caewen doo) Toor 16059 00K 104) 104 [ atsereionny [em cas 008 ton | Ten nae 0) | ee ns mn mn on finan a ners Se. Every Sed in La zeeye900niss «107% = omnia aieaee licen SP raaeeyanss)" = O64 IN i ss a 24 | THESINGAFORE ENGINEER October 2014HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING jf! Forces caalaorsne PEA are deploment xe a shoud row be wed teas. pr CSA 225816 Clave 7332 “The etry ha Ben ily sear by he HLL and PEA, 2rd tefl snow carpeted area (NE A stato can ‘ie whan thee ere reaing even aft th PEA rte 1 16 mason rth i he apy ofthe PEA ‘eccoued nd the PEA a term) Results of analysis Werke Sty and Hath (Work At Hep) Regulation QO) fequres he fre stam to ve ene fa leararce alle to peer. the usr Fo Nig an bec, the ground ote suc: \ 2 2 ‘ eA teon(n) me 006s Se Te Fal ce aa nua) gana Es nee ee a ase asa roy absoesty A Una Sen Fat, \ ue 5 E ; “4 a emanngerew (im) Ut Uan-Uu-Un 098015 ‘This crane neces te hares al Ong ie dng the fxs and a cearace magn (aso known 3 ay anc) EW wi same x19 Be 03 ahr ag ermal wating “Te earance arg (as pr CSA 159.16 8262} e=05+0! 4-4) 06 +0 (05515 49960155 x10) = 480m Let ut eeu the ass essa the een dry cana ora fecive . Fer the Hu tobe oft an assert ofthe Ste where the HLL tobe ntl ro be Fab clarance rege C, sam Cred out er at thre tae 4582 m of arance aaiae| See the capiiy ofthe PEA wae not exec asian res Fe ences ‘ths ft fre on th se eed (required Mas fo th wes a Ly WH WAH Rg IQ) oan accep 6 IN spaced in CSA 225.16 Clea 422. pars ‘The anthraes and wie ope ees ob able te widutand tis MAL wth an sonal sy acor of 13 a per CSA 2259.16 Chute 622 410518, October 2014 ‘THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER | 25| jp Heacti & SAFETY ENGINEERING WORKED EXAMPLE 2: SINGLE-SPAN HLL WITH [MULTIPLE USERS For both wlty nd produc reso, an HLL shud be eegned for at le vo veers. Usg the sre parameters Aplin the unorg etr f 15 for wo ing wes folowing paneer are asunpton are adusted as tows ‘Syren a par CSA 2259 6 Chane 7272 See teins ump tor Mr ene arco tort Pear 2 ca Pea Merge fg $BINIIS = BAIN Deport 3 235 : we We now use te above aut as ta fora to: ear Weitere un = shite Fu F105 HN poi gm) et [ro 05 088s uers Ciera tegen) =f P= lous 10127 oom 10087100 a6 Va eeson ans 01 a" 006 amo ami Tenn ane 0) Rs 6H RM mB WR He Force in Lanyard (ON) a 451 1787768116148 SO PEA enon (| oss Oss Teta Fal iar ¢m) ses aries Ene terest fang Nm) Ue Whe oo ge aa Ene shcrbe by PEA as = Fanta = Fata oe etenson (Nn) aa * Reming vere) UU Ue Ua-Uee 030008 26 | THESINGAPORE ENGINEER October 2014‘Aan we row erate fr Yn Ur he fi ene tty tiated es =O “heated denance magn now E506 +01 (0667S 4908215 « 109 = 0662 m “The cance forte eq lunged mass Goythye +, # E= 3713 +03 +0662 = 4675 m The derance regu forth tier to (8 par CSA 2239 16 Gnee 827) C= Gy O5C oe = (164575) (06% 4560) = 4783 Using te same metodo a above and epping rent Dios hues | Aues ye) im Are Foe HAF (2) (eeperend by he oe) Falcce requeed Co () 45a | on | aan | aon ein eet aad MAL 6) (otezcorsing | ware) pp aa | 510 Mammen | las S950 sre eure creat wire rose aN) | Lping Score tres: ours fl a ale beans “he reais ne unnmared a lows (OTHER SCENARIOS The abowe two eager a singed to tate the Sxdoneral deen pmeters HlLe dpe it Be eal ver can be more epeted requrng sopstated a. Stover HL senaron can hie + Energy abuorter corporate inne wih the HLL whe tance ra wl app + Fsipospan Hs whee he dak rom the ctor spre i be puted exo te span where thea al before he HL, HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING gfe beg 0 tericn up alecing he iss The rope most vital decrease wit he longer lengh of wire rope sed + Pretason feces in the HLL chang ue to temperature fea, + His are anche to able end anchorages ea ft od anchorage | ‘CONCLUSION HLLs are commen used to protect wares and mince jis to users aU However sbergh rexurements are ‘fen sy undanesites ae ert lay STs Were aged to cnn dy ees ‘A ropery dsed HL aod o mre ary tote ver rd compy ith he rlear el reqtements Th he Soin cera ned o conser tne MA ote as the MAL, tothe aches ad the cranes heght renee This aide derensrats the ie of the srergy balnce spproich to eat the stove menos eign ce ft Shjespan Hi ste eaonthe desig code CSA 7259.5, ‘ones fl ws fst red lowed by 29056 I ishoped tat sate can rte arent of te art usetes tht deugnes sho tka corerson ‘hee py ad elation of ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors he atone he Que Fal Protection ghee course conairtes by Mr Grog Sma Chel Engee High Enncering Coan cosraner a Noth Aria The lalate cesrbed heh ae bated on an Excl temple cated by Sra. REFERENCES Mitr of Manpower (2013) Onan Sty and Heath Dision Arnal Report 202 tip gonsgDocunets! ‘salty hesthreportsatOSHO-AR2OIZOSHD AR2O12_ parla Canaan StadarteAaroctin (2008) 2259604 Onin of ‘aie FabProteron Syme Ona Cann Suns ‘ascii, Goh ¥ M2014 7 Epic Inasigtin of the Average Deleon Force of Poona Fa rst Erp Absorbers Jour of Corstucion Engneerng nd Mangenert. Amenan Society of Ci Ergnters pubes ni), Hoe BGahY M.Sen SY (2012) Dai fal eet Stas ‘Afevew of be Coren este Srgsoare Cancion ase, CIBWO99 irtortionl Conese on Medling wad uldng Hest aS 1011 Setar 2012, Segre ‘wang Q.Hee RGohY M014 Sing he badenee in Horaontl fine Deg Case Sues Supers, CIS W089 inenatons Conference on AetevngSutibie Cnsestion Heat nd S623 ne 2014 Lind Sadan Octover 2014 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER | 27