Progressivism- support for or advocacy of social reform.

Consumerism- the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.

Anthropocentrism- Anthropocentrism is the belief that human beings are the most important entity in the
universe.
Utilitarianism- the doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest
happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct.
Humanitarianism- the promotion of human welfare.
Cogito- the principle establishing the existence of a being from the fact of its thinking or awareness.
Humanism -An ethical approach that emphasizes that human or secular (non-religious) realm over the religious or spiritual
realm.
Buddhism- Focuses on the individual and their harmony with nature. An individual reaching Nirvana. School of
ethical, metaphysical, and epistemological thought. Developed by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. 8 Virtues
Existentialism- Everyone is responsible for their own decisions. To ethically be good you must make a
reasonable decision for yourself. Even if your decision goes against the law it doesn't matter you have to follow
what you think is right and wrong. Philosophers: Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Jean-Paul Sartre.
Friedrich Nietzsche (Ethics)- Urged people to make their own choices rather than unthinkingly accept the values
of the majority. Nietzsche rejected the view that people are ultimately accountable only to God. People must
determine their own values. Existentialism
Immanuel Kant-Kant said that moral choices must be judged not by their consequences, but by the good will of
the moral agent. He created the categorical imperative which was that common rules must always apply, with
very few exceptions.
Thales – concept of the one. Everything is made up of water
Plato- concept of divided line
The divided line is a visual metaphor for Plato's ontological (and epistemological) view of the Universe. Reality is
divided into two basic parts: the invisible, unchanging realm of universals (or Ideas also sometimes called Forms),
and the visible, ever-changing realm of particulars (i.e., physical objects). Each of these two realms may be sub-
divided giving us four realms of being and cognition. The lowest region is the realm of images (eikones) or
reflections of physical objects which are cognized through the faculty of imagination (eikasia). Next is the realm of
physical objects which are cognized through opinion or trust (pistis). The next level is the realm of mathematical
objects (or what we would call abstract ideas) which are cognized through intellect (dianoia). Finally there is the
realm of ideas which are cognized through reason (noesis). These four realms represent the ontological hierarchy
of Plato's middle metaphysics.
Aristotle- possess of reality
Aristotle's views of reality were enshrined in what he referred to as his "first philosophy," or what we today call
metaphysics. This involved in-depth study of the universal principles and qualities of all material existence. He
had studied biological and other scientific phenomenon while employed as a teacher and came to believe that the
natural world as we know it was real, physical and tangible. He believed we could use our senses of sight, sound,
smell, taste and touch to identify Earth's natural forms. If one could identify something's form, one could explain
both what and why it is.
Kant’s- categorical imperative
The Categorical Imperative is supposed to provide a way for us to evaluate moral actions and to make moral
judgments. It is not a command to perform specific actions -- it does not say, "follow the 10 commandments", or
"respect your elders". It is essentially "empty" -- it is simply formal procedure by which to evaluate any action
about which might be morally relevant.
Nietzsche- idea of the over man Nietzsche's idea of "the overman" (Ubermensch) is one of the most significant
concept in his thinking. Even though it is mentioned very briefly only in the prologue of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, it
might be sensible to conceive that Nietzsche had something in his mind about how a man should be more than
just human-all-too-human, regardless if he was one or not. All these ideas had been pondered on and developed
though all his works. The concept then seems to reveal much about the way Nietzsche saw life. This essay will
attempt on seeing through, as much as possible, the idea of overman by Nietzsche and life from the point of view
of an overman.
Mind brain theory The mind-brain identity theory (or identity thesis) is the assertion that mental
states/events/processes are identical to brain states/events/processes. The type identity theory (often called just
the "identity theory") says that mental types are physical types, while the token identity theory says that mental
tokens are physical tokens.
Martin Heidegger is a German philosopher. Heidegger shows “Human reality” (Dasein) is often lost in
inauthentic and everyday life. But human being can also find his authenticity and open the mystery of the Being,
source of all things.
Principle of safety and environmental health-
Fully revised and updated, this second edition introduces new ILO instruments promoting occupational safety and
health (OSH) and new chemical safety information tools, and addresses OSH in the context of globalization and
HIV/AIDS and the world of work. The annexes include checklists for preparing national OSH profiles and
enterprise policies, selected excerpts from OSH instruments and up-to-date information sources.
The epistemic basing relation is this relation of believing for, or believing on the basis of, a reason. Put
differently, sometimes only the content of the believing is justified (and not the believing itself). This is to say that
sometimes a belief is propositionally justified but not doxastically justified, to invoke the technical terminology that
is sometimes employed to mark this distinction.