MANUEL, APRIL ROSE L.

AR11FA2

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits
movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body. The muscular systems in
vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles can be completely
autonomous.
Deltoid
There are three parts of the deltoid, The Anterior Deltoid, The Middle Deltoid, and the Posterior Deltoid. The
anterior deltoid is attached at your collarbone and allows you to flex your shoulder joint and to rotate the
shoulder inward. The middle deltoid and posterior deltoid are attached at different parts of your shoulder blade.
The middle deltoid allows you abduct your arm. Abduction is moving the arm away from your body.
The Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major has four actions which are primarily responsible for movement of the shoulder joint. It flexes
the humerus used for throwing underhand or lifting weights. And it can also abduct the humerus, as when
flapping the arms.
Biceps Branchii
It helps in the movement of shoulders and elbows. The function of the biceps at the elbow is essential to the
function of the forearm in lifting.
Quadriceps Femoris
Is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the
great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur.
Rectus Abdominus
The muscle is activated while doing crunches because it pulls the ribs and the pelvis in and curves the back.
Trapezius
The trapezius muscle is a postural and active movement muscle, used to tilt and turn the head and neck,
shrug, steady the shoulders, and twist the arms.
Triceps
Large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It is the muscle straightening of the arm.
Latissimus Dorsi
Responsible for extension, adduction, horizontal abduction, flexion from an extended position, and internal
rotation of the shoulder joint. It also has a cooperative role in extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine.
Gluteus maximus
Muscle is located in the buttocks and is regarded as one of the strongest muscles in the human body. It is also
responsible for movement of the hip and thigh.
Hamstrings
Termed as the biarticular muscles. It is used for flexing the knees inwardly and it can be also responsible for
the strength of the jump.
Gastrocnemius
Half of the calf muscle. It is used for running, jumping and other "fast" movements of leg, and to a lesser
degree in walking and standing.
 ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Directional terms describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the
body.
Superior or cranial - toward the head end of the body, upper (example, the hand is part of the superior
extremity).
Inferior or caudal - away from the head, lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).
Anterior or ventral - front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg).
Posterior or dorsal - back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).
Medial - toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot).
Lateral - away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).
Proximal - toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur
joins with the pelvic bone).
Distal - away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the
distal end of the forearm).

References:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriceps_femoris_muscle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/body/terminology.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_system