Sorsogon State College

Sorsogon City Campus

Architecture Department

Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

(In fulfilment of the requirements in the subject Purposive
Communication)

Submitted by:

Orven Gregor D. Ebrada

Jubert Bryan D. Tiu
Arcel Corañes
Princess Lorica
Gerald Lopez
Kent Michael Matabuena
Roselle Lacay
Bruce Dichoso
John Raffy Hipsane
____________________________________________
Group 1
Bachelor of Science in Architecture - IB

Submitted to:

Michael John Jamora

__________________________________
Purposive Communication Instructor

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Introduction

The Philippines proudly boasts to be the only christian nation in Asia, more than
86%of the total population is Roman Catholic (Miller) for being said, other minor
religion that is also prevailing in the country, sadly, experience descrimation.

Muslims, with a total of 6.01% of the Philippines total population result of 2015
census of population, the group majority resides in the island mindanao with 93%
of 6,064, 744 follower all over the country.

Discrimination is a vital problem that for years of persistence trying to solve

it, it still exist. The problem comes in many forms and causes it could be
individual preferences, nature, and manymore. Sadly, whil development is getting
better, discrimination gets along the way getting worse.

Muslim experiences desicrimination in their lives, an unfortunate truth but is a

matter that had been exisiting very long time ago, like racism, these people were
harshly labeled different to majority of people living in the society, because of
their unique and orthodox culture, beliefs and customs, it raises barriers which
divided them, these ideologies were largrely tolerated and exposed specially
because of medern expanse-the social media contributed as a platform of putting
misjudged information like views of anti-social and criminal acts connected maybe
on their religion specifically their psychology or action throughout the said
stage, worsening the image or concept about them. The lack of social-awareness
and the lack of understanding of each greatly influences the deteriorating view
of the majority to the indigenous people. It negatively impacted their everyday
living, for these people to miss opportunities and for every individual to feel
outcasted in the society.

Furthermore, Government never stops to implement laws trying to lessen and even
stop the said issue not only to the indigenous people but also to those who
experience discrimination, but the problem still exist and remains untamed.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Origins of Islam in the Philippines
Historians ascribe the introduction of Islam to the Philippines to Tuan
Masha’ika, supposedly an Arab religious leader or missionary, who landed
on the island of Jolo in what is today the Province of Sulu in the
southern Philippines, in the mid to late-13th century. One particular
writer however, points out that it is likely that Islam was actually
introduced much earlier, perhaps as early as the 10th century, through Arab
traders who subsequently settled down and married local inhabitants and
spread their religion in that manner.

By the 15th century, most inhabitants of the Jolo/Sulu area had accepted
Islam as their religion, which then led to the establishment of an Islamic
State, referred to as the Sultanate of Sulu, around 1450. The first
Sultan of Sulu was Sayyid Al-Hashim Abu Bakr, supposedly an Arab religious
leader born in Mecca, who married into the family of the ruling family in
Jolo at that time, Rajah Baguinda. The Sultanate was then established as
a political organization with Abu Bakr adopting the formal title of Paduka
Mahasari Maulana Al-Sultan Sharif-ul-Hashim. All subsequent Sultans of
Sulu claim descent from Sultan Sharif-ul-Hashim. At its height, during
the early part of the 18th century, the Sultanate of Sulu held sway over
what are now the provinces of Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, Basilan, the western
portion of the Zamboanga Peninsula, the southern portion of Palawan—all in
the southwestern portion of present-day Philippines—and North Borneo or
what is now Sabah in Malaysia.

What is now known as the Republic of the Philippines—into which the

Province of Sulu is incorporated—did not have its beginnings until the
second half of the 16thcentury, in 1565 to be exact, when the Spanish
navigator Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, landed in the islands and began his
colonization. The Philippines is named after King Philip II of Spain. It
took about a half-century for Spain to conquer the rest of the islands and
therefore the nation-state known as the Philippines today did not come
into existence until the end of the 16th and early part of the
17th centuries.

Hence, the Sultanate of Sulu as a political entity and sovereign State

ante-dated the establishment of the Philippines by more than a century and
certainly Islam had its roots in what is now the Philippines much longer
than that.

A second Muslim Sultanate was established in central Mindanao, the main

island in the southern Philippines, independent of the Sultanate of Sulu,
around 1515 by Sharif Muhammad Kabungsuan, who originated from Johor in
present-day Malaysia. Sharif Kabungsuan was a son of Sharif Ali Zainal
Abidin who originated from Arabia, traveled to Johor and married a member

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

of the royal family there. This was the Sultanate of Maguindanao. At its
peak during the late 17th century, the Sultanate of Maguindanao covered the
breadth of the island of Mindanao, from what is now the Davao Gulf in the
east to the Zamboanga Peninsula in the west, from the area of Butuan in
the north to Sarangani in the south, and even extended to what is now
North Sulawesi in present-day Indonesia.

LOCATION

Islam reached the Philippines in the 13th century with the arrival
of Muslim traders from the Persian Gulf, Southern India, and their
followers from several sultanate governments in the Malay Archipelago.
The Muslim population of the Philippines has been reported as about 6% of
the total population as of a census in 2000. According to a 2015 report
of Philippine Statistics Authority, 6% of Filipinos are Muslims.While the
majority of the population are Roman Catholic, some ethnic groups
are Protestant, Hindu, Buddhist, Animist, Sikh, or non-religious.
According to national religious surveys, there are about 5.1
million Muslims in the Philippines, composing 6% of its population.
However, a 2012 estimate by the National Commission on Muslim
Filipinos (NCMF) and the U.S. Department of State, stated that there were
10.7 million Muslims, or approximately 11 percent of the total
population.Most Muslims live in parts of Mindanao, Palawan, and the Sulu
Archipelago – an area known as Bangsamoro or the Moro region. Some have
migrated into urban and rural areas in different parts of the country.
Most Muslim Filipinos practice Sunni Islam according to
the Shafi'i school. There are some Ahmadiyya Muslims in the country. Islam
arrived in the southern islands of Philippines, from the historic
interaction of Mindanao and Sulu regions with other Indonesian islands,
Malay islands and Borneo. The first Muslims to arrive were traders
followed by missionaries in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.they
facilitated the formation of Sultanates and conquests in Mindanao and
Sulu.The people who converted to Islam came to be known as the Moros. The
Muslim conquest reached as far as the Kingdom of Tondo which was
supplanted by Brunei's vassal-state the Kingdom of Maynila.Muslim
Sultanates had begun expanding in central Philippines in the 16th century,
when the Spanish fleet led by Ferdinand arrived of Philippines. The
Spanish conquest during the 16th century led to Catholic Christianity
becoming the dominant religion in most of Philippines, and Islam a
minority religion.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Culture and Traditions
THE MUSLIMS CULTURE, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS AND THEIR WAY OF LIFE......

When Muslims possess a culture which is different from that of the Christian
Filipinos. Their culture has been greatly influenced by Islam. It will be an
interesting venture to know more about their culture.

THE MUSLIM SULTAN

When the Spaniards came to Mindanao, they found that the different groups of
muslims had organized governments with written laws. Each group had its own
separate government headed by a ruler called a sultan. The sultan is similar to a
king or an emperor. There is sultan of SuLu, a sultan of Miguindanao and sultan
of Lanao. There is one important sultan and other sultans of less importance for
each group. There are other lower officials who help the sultan run the
government. A datu is a chief under a sultan. A datu may govern thousands of
people occupying large tracts of land. The religious instructions are called
Panditas. A gadji is a Muslims who has made a journey to Mecca, the holy city of
the Muslims. He is a man of importance among the Muslims.

The Muslims sultans were absolute monarchs so were datus with their own
territories. The sultans and other rulers inherited their powers. The power of a
sultan was inherited by the nearest male relatives. His eldest son succeeded him
as a ruler. The power of the sultans has diminished today. Many of the heredity
Muslim rulers are now officials in our local and national governments.

ABOUT THEIR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

The Muslims are believers of Islam. Islam means complete submission to the will
of Allah. Complete submission means all the affairs that happen to man including
his daily affairs be according to the will of Allah, be it business, government,
education, social life, arts, and culture. The creed of the Muslims is simple:
There is no god but the God; Mohammed is His messenger. God has revealed Himself
to different people and in different languages to inspire thinkers such as Moses,
Jesus and Mohammed. Muslims believe that Mohammed was the last messenger of God.
God's message is written in the holy Al-Qur'an (in English, The Koran).

ABOUT THEIR RELIGIOUS PRACTICES

Muslims practice faithfully five religious duties, The first duty is the
declaration of the creed that there is no God but a and Mohammed is His mesenger.
Second is the Sa which means prayer. Third is the Sakah, or the giving during
Ramadan of about two and a half percent of one's earning throughout the whole
year. Fourth, is Fasting during the day throughout the month of Ramadan. The
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Moslem year, a period of daily fasting from
sunrise to sunset. Muslims are required to fast so that they will be less
occupied with worldly matters and to be strong in resisting temptation. The
Muslim's fifth duty is making the pilgrimage to Mecca and to the temple of
Abraham within once life time, if possible.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

ABOUT THEIR WORSHIP

Wherever a Muslim is, when it is the time for prayer, he turns towards Mecca and
prays. This act symbolizes the unity of Muslims throughout the world who are
offering their prayers at the same time.

A Muslim's worship begins with an opening prayer and a reading from the Koran and
ends with a prayer requesting God to bless film and his people. He bows and
touches the earth with his forehead, too.

Muslims may pray alone or in a group except on Friday when the midday prayer is
recited in a common gathering place called the mosque.

The Friday prayers are said by an Imam. Anyone may be chosen to lead the prayers
if he is known to be the most knowledgeable and the oldest among the group.

The man who calls the faithful to prayer is the Muazhzhin (or Muezzin). He
possesses a good voice and his duty is to remind the people that it is the time
for prayer. Starting at sunrise, a Muslim prays five times a day.

No images or paintings are allowed inside the mosque. Islam preaches equality, so
there are no pews or reserved places inside the mosque, instead there are rugs
Muslims line up behind the Imam. The mosque is open to all; there are no private
chapels for special people. Collections are not required. Mosques are supported
by donations and trust funds.

Women pray at home or in the mosque. While praying they share the same rows with
men although many women prefer to pray in certain part of the mosque.

Muslims face Mecca while praying not because it was where Mohammed was born but
because that was the place where Abraham built the oldest temple for the worship
of one God, the Ka'aba.

THE MOHAMMED AND THE MUSLIM RELIGION

Abul Tasim Mohammed lbn Allah was born the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia about A.D.
570. In the lunar month of Ramadan, in the year A.D. 610, he saw the vision of an
angel before him. It was in this event that he was able to formulate the first
sentences of the Koran. He had long been bothered by many social and religious
questions and these sentences had given him a solution to all these problems.
These important sentences are: Man through knowledge will believe that he was
created by a great power who is God. Second, his faith will raise him to a
position of equality with all other men. He should believe in his dignity and
equality with others and resist slavery. Mohammed just like Abraham, Moses and
Jesus is a servant of God who had been appointed to bring the message of God to
his fellowmen. These men preached the same message of God which was one of
obedience to the will of God and his call for a healthy, peaceful and just
community.

ABOUT RELIGIOUS RULES ON DIET

Muslims members are not allowed to drink any beverage which makes one drunk.
Eating pork, blood and animal flesh which died from natural causes are also
prohibited.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

ABOUT THE KORAN

The Muslims believe the Koran to be the word of God which Mohammed preached to
his fellowmen. The Koran sets down the guidelines of conduct among people as well
as the relationship of man with God. It is the basis of Muslim laws and the final
authority in many Islamic problem.

ABOUT THEIR HOUSES

The Muslims and the Christian Filipinos use similar materials in building their
houses. Those who live near the coasts build houses in tong rows over the water.
The interior of the house is similar to the houses in the Northern part of the
Philippines. The people use well-woven pandan mats and a thick mattress fitted
with kapok for steeping. They use bright-colored mosquito nets which are large
enough to cover two to three mattresses. Displayed in the houses of the datus,
hadjis and well-to-do families are many brass articles such as gongs, trays and
dishes.

ABOUT THEIR FOODS

The Muslim religion has many strict rules about the food the people may eat and
the way it should be cooked. The Muslims never eat pork because they believe it
is unclean. The Muslims are allowed to eat the meat of other animals if the
animal was killed in a manner following their religious practices. They use a lot
of coconut oil in their cooking. They prepare a lot of rice flour cakes or wheat
flour cakes which can be stored for many months in air-tight jars.

ABOUT THEIR CLOTHING'S

The Muslims have strict rules about their clothing. The women are required to
wear long sleeves and have the neck of their coat-like blouse cut high and
closed. They wear a sarong as their skirt, The sarong Is a strip of cloth about a
meter wide and two or three meters long. The two ends are sewed together. It is
wrapped around the body and tucked in at the waist. When the sun is shining
brightly, those wearing it may loosen it and cover the head with a portion of the
sarong. The sarong is made of cotton material, plaid or striped, in brown and
black or other colors. The wealth women wear silk sarongs with beautiful colors
and designs. The dress is decorated with by many beautiful pearls.

The men wear tight-fitting jacket with tight sleeves. Their trousers are either
tight-fitting or very wide and loose. The pants are made of cotton. They are
either black, pink, green. purple or red. A long, bright colored sash is tied
around the waist. The men wear a turban or fez on their heads. The nobility wears
a red fez. Other Muslims wear a turban. This is made of a Large square piece of
cloth folded in such a way that it can be wrapped around the head like a cap. The
turban may be white or colored. The men wear a sarok (a hat similar to the
salakot when working under the sun. Muslim women are seldom seen in the street as
they are required by their religion to stay at home most of the time.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Discrimination to Muslim People: Examples and Opinions

Discriminations are very rampant nowadays. Some would say bad things about
you, some would tell lies about you and some would judge you without knowing who
you are and what you can do. Like a natural human being, some Muslim people also
faces a lot of discrimination in their lives; about their religion, their
cultures and traditions, their faith and beliefs, on how they present themselves
to others and how their countrymen deal with them. Here are some studies of the
studies on which discrimination happens to the Muslim people.

“Recently I had an interesting, although depressing, talk with a

female CPA-engineer from Iligan City who could not hold down a job
because she was being driven out of good, high-paying jobs in Metro
Manila, which I found quite unusual as she impressed me as being very
intelligent and well read.
Since graduation from college, she had always aimed to work in the
country’s business and financial centers for professional and
intellectual growth.
But her excellent credentials could not sustain her against the poison
of prejudice. Envious colleagues would always try to bring her down
and block opportunities that she deserved through discrimination and
labeling: She was from Mindanao, went to school with Muslim children,
had Muslim teachers, therefore she was an Abu Sayyaf.
When I asked her what her plans were then, she quickly answered,
“Leave and work abroad. I have no choice.”
Now if you think this kind of “discrimination against Muslims,” a
catchphrase used by Muslims to get concessions from the government,
exemptions from anything they consider burdensome, and “maximum
tolerance” for such things as infraction of city ordinances, etc., is
bad enough, try to look at the other side of discrimination as I did
and you will see much worse.
The discrimination against Christians by Muslims is bigotry of the
lowest, most godless kind.
There is hardly any place of “informal settlers” in the inner cities
of Metro Manila where there are no Muslims. Most of the Muslims in the
slums, however, hardly qualify as urban poor because not only can they
afford high-powered firearms and expensive appliances, but they also
have the means to, as soon as authorities look the other way, build
concrete homes, making it next to impossible to evict them.
As soon as they find an ideal place on which to squat, they
systematically drive out, through intimidation, the original,
genuinely urban poor settlers. In a matter of days, what started as
just one or two families becomes a village whose residents do not pay
taxes yet demand public services, get free electricity and water
through illegal connections, exposing the surrounding community to the

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

constant danger of fire. They pollute the environment through
indiscriminate trash disposal, spread disease with their unsanitary
lifestyles, and eventually their colonies become safe zones for drug
dealers, gunrunners, guns for hire, and petty criminals.
And all because the government’s hands are tied by fear of being
accused of “discrimination against Muslims.”

Religion of peace
The uprisings in the Middle East, the recent spate of bombings in
Mindanao, the kidnappings in Sulu as Muslims around the world fasted
during the holy month of Ramadan—what do all these mean to Muslims?
What do all these, collectively, mean to me?
Put another way, how do I view these events as a Muslim in a so-called
Christian-majority country?
How do I see the grief on the faces of widows and orphans, the blood-
soaked and mangled bodies of fathers and sons, babies and children
whose lives have been suddenly snuffed out in violence they neither
deserved nor asked for?
No, I don’t cry for them as a Muslim; I grieve for them as a human
being, a member of humankind.
This is because I know that Islam, my religion, the faith of my
parents and my ancestors, is a religion of peace.
But so are other religions and belief systems, which are expressions
of humanity’s desire for order in the universe, which serves as the
foundation of religion.
There is no religion or belief, from the mythologies to ancient
religions to major world faiths to the beliefs of indigenous peoples,
that espouses violence, murder, chaos and discord because this is
contradictory to religion’s reason for being.
To say therefore that those who are killing each other in the Middle
East, bombing each other in Mindanao, or kidnapping innocent people
and depriving them of their human right to freedom are doing so in the
cause of Islam, as the perpetrators keep on insisting, is highly
erroneous and totally beyond logic and reason.
Pariah
And yet the truth is, in this country, the Muslim community is the
pariah among the ethnic groupings that make up Philippine society.
Muslims are generally avoided and feared in the belief that they are
criminals against whom other people are powerless because they are
armed and they use their guns, their most precious possessions, to
dominate any community.
And because they are armed, these so-called Muslims play god, and
Christians have come to believe that trying to bring them into
civilized discourse through reason and logic, social norms and even
the very laws not just of the State but also the divine and sacred
laws is an exercise in futility.
And the unfortunate consequence of these beliefs is the labeling of
people from Mindanao, whether Muslim or Christian, as terrorists,
kidnappers, bombers, Abu Sayyaf, killers.
The majority—professionals, businessmen, teachers and students—is
powerless to counter this bigotry because like all forms of bigotry,
it persists through mob repetition.
No, this tale of lamentation I have just written has nothing to do
with my faith, with my being a Muslim, for at the bottom of all this

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

is the ancient story of Sodom and Gomorrah, a tale of human greed and
excess.
This story is not about religion, but the lack or even absence of it.”

-Noralyn Mustafa-

“We are living in an era of pervasive discrimination, racism, and social

inequality. We are living in a world where we are easily judged. Every
day, we wake up to a society where freedom is not always an option.
Discrimination among Muslims has been too obvious lately.

A few months ago, Tahera Ahmad was denied an unopened soda can on an
affiliated US domestic flight. Why? The flight attendant said Ahmad
might use the can as a weapon. A few days ago, 14-year-old Ahmed Mohamed
was arrested in Texas for bringing a home-made clock to school. Ben
Carson, Republican US presidential candidate, also recently said that no
Muslim should ever become the US president.

Meanwhile, in Zamboanga City, news broke about a suspected bomber who

was then labeled as a “Muslim type.”

Now, what do these mean? Aren't these manifestations of discrimination,

inequality, and oppression? Where is social justice now?

Why are we being judged just because we wear a veil? Why are we being
judged just because we are Muslims?

'Islamophobia'

I have been wondering why a non-Muslim can grow his beard without any
fear of being suspected of bad intentions. But when a Muslim sports a
beard, there is a high chance he would be labeled an extremist.

I have been wondering why nuns can cover themselves from head to toe,
but when an Islam sister does this, she is often misjudged. I have been
wondering why, when a person protects his land, he is called a hero; but
when a Muslim does it, he is tagges as a terrorist.

Inhumane

The suffering of Muslims in the Philippines is inhumane. But I also

believe that our Muslim brothers and sisters from other parts of the
world are even more oppressed.

Religious discrimination has become too epidemic, too invasive. It is

now or never – discrimination has to end. Imagine a world where religion

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 and race are no longer issues. It is the kind of world I bet we would
all want to live in.

Discrimination is the root of human division, and it has to disappear.

Otherwise, wars will never end. It must be scratched out from people’s
mind or else the youth will never learn to correct their misconceptions.

We also need to focus on cultivating human relations, regardless of

differences in gender, nationality, religious faith, class, education,
among other factors. For a simple reason: because we are all human. We
are all the same; we all want to be respected.

We should never forget past achievements like the African-Americans who

fought for their civil rights in the US, and the women who fought for
equality. Muslims are also struggling to fight for their rights, we are
also aiming to be truly accepted in this society.

I am optimistic of a future where the world has no vacancy for

discrimination because it will be filled with peace, love, and harmony.
And that future starts now, as we end discrimination now.”

- Yarah Musa –

Bias against Muslims

Although stereotypes against Muslims are centuries old, in recent years they have
evolved and gained momentum under the conditions of the "war on terror", the
global economic crisis and challenges related to the management of religious and
cultural diversity. Anti-Muslim rhetoric often associates Muslims with terrorism
and extremism, or portrays the presence of Muslim communities as a threat to
national identity. Muslims are often portrayed as a monolithic group, whose
culture is incompatible with human rights and democracy. ODIHR's reporting
suggests anti-Muslim hate crimes and incidents increases following terrorist
attacks, and on the anniversaries of such attacks. Attacks against mosques –
particularly on Fridays and religious holidays – including leaving the remains of
pigs outside mosques, community centres and Muslim families' homes, as well as
attacks against women wearing headscarves, are among the anti-Muslim hate
incidents commonly reported.

Anti-Muslim hate crimes can be recorded under a variety of categories, including

anti-religious hate crimes, crimes motivated by ethnic bias, and can also be
reported separately or as racist and xenophobic crime. Muslim NGOs are developing
their monitoring capacity through outreach and online reporting, in recognition
of the importance of hate crime monitoring as an important advocacy tool.
However, a lack of trust in the authorities in some countries also lead to under-
reporting of anti-Muslim hate crime, and this appears to have a significant
influence on hate crime figures reported to ODIHR.

MUSLIM DISCRIMINATION

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

Islamophobia is the fear, hatred of, or prejudice against, the Islamic religion
or Muslims generally, especially when seen as a geopolitical force or the source
of terrorism.

Muslim discrimination happens because of many reasons. People see muslims as

extremists, and associates them with terrorism and a threat to their national
security. Muslims are often viewed monolithic people, whose culture are believed
to be incompatible with human rights. Because of this prejudice, muslim people
are treated unequal and unprivileged. Common attacks against muslims include;
attacks on mosques, leaving remains of pigs on Muslims homes and buildings and
attack against women wearing headscarves. (“Bias against Muslims”.

According to Amina Rasul: Radicalisation of Muslims in the Philippines; here

in Asia particularly in the Philippines, Muslim discriminations happen in
response to a series of western influences from their colonization in the past to
their globalization today. Forms of discrimination happen everywhere including in
workplaces. Recent attacks of Maute ISIS triggered greater discrimination and
prejudice against Islamic groups. An article from GMA News,
(https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/620441/muslims-experience-workplace-
hiring-discrimination/story/) says that a woman applying for a job loses her
confidence because of her hijab. She was fired just a week after being accepted
for a job training because the woman refused to remove her hijab. Additionally,
the word “Islam” on the woman’s resume’ was also another factor she considers why
she was fired. The discrimination happened because of the attacks of ISIS in
Marawi City.

A news article “Group wary of discrimination vs Muslims in urban areas after

Mindanao bombings” stated that the sites of Sulu and Zamboanga, the place of
recent bombings experience discrimination, especially urban places. To avoid
these, some muslims have been “forced to remove their hijabs in schools or in
their workplace just to conform to uniformity” or "change Muslim-sounding names
in their resumes just to get a shot at being interviewed or considered for jobs."

Because of these acts of discrimination, some muslims are forced to leave

behind their culture and traditions to avoid mistreatment and prejudice. But some
people and groups are making actions against these discriminations, like the
Muslim ID System to “identify and weed out undesirable individuals and
terrorists”. Also, public and private institutions may help counter the stigma
attached to Muslims by holding "anti-discrimination" activities or including
inter-religious talks in their curriculum or office policies. Additionally, UP
Institute for Islamic Studies Assistant Professor Jamel Cayamodin said that a law
must be established to prevent workplace discrimination against Muslim people or
even other persons in different religions.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Research Methodology
This research is a qualitative research, the proponents made an
interview questions to gather adequate information to solve the objective
of the study, these questions are analyzed and interpreted to guarantee
congruent answers to the problem. to set up, the proponents informed the
potential respondents before the conduct of actual interview.

After tge data gathering procedures the raw datas has been analyzed and
interpreted through the uses of analytic, systematic methods to form the
final output and it is the findings.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Instrument of the Study

In order to indicate the data accurately, a structured intervuew has

beeb conducted. Thr instrument used, also known as researcher-administered
survey or standardized interview, is a quantitative research method that
is usually used in a research. All of the questions present on the survey
are arranged in advance for the respondents to answer. It is performed for
the main purpose of gathering information from the Indigenous people-
specifically muslims.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

Quantification Variables
The quantification of variables in the survey research were labeled
like the following;

Q1. What are the discrimination you have experienced for being a
Muslim?

Q2. Does it bring a great effect to your point of view in life?

Q3. Does it change your view to people?

Q4. What can you suggest to stop this issue?

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Presentation and Discussions

This shows the presentations and analysis of data. The researchers

presented this data gathered according to analyztical typologies. In depth
analysis and interpretation where shown through narrative presentation from
interviews conducted.

Ano o ano-anong mga diskriminasyong iyong naranasan dahil sa iyong

pagiging Muslim?

The primary purpose of the study was to determine specifically the

discrimination Indigenous People experience especially Muslims-in their
lives they have been sort of an outcast to majority when they are out within
their comfort zone or family and community. To support this statement,
according the statement of one of the respondents;

"We are not allowed to eat pork, at ito ang kadalasang ulam sa fastfood
chain"

Not only with what people label or think of about the Religion Islam, the
Religions' teaching itself was not common or easily mis interpreted by most
people.

Another Respondent stated;

"Schools who reject students that are Muslims"

This is a concrete example of how other people see them, it shows social
injustice which unfortunately contributing to downgrade people with unique
customs.

Respondent 1 added that;

"Mga kasootang hindi angkop saaming kultura." The required uniforms that do
not match with their beliefs which create difficulty complying to schools
and even events.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Nagdala ba ito ng malaking epekto sa kung ano ang pagtingin mo sa buhay?
OR Nagdala ba ito ng malaking epekto sa iyong buhay?

If we are to think about the effects of this issue, there could be millions
of answers but it was counterstated by the answer of a Respondent;

"Hindi naman dahil panatag ako sa sarili ko at proud ako kung anong relihiyon
mayron ako."

The statement brought up that Muslims are very faithful to their beliefs and
mainly to the God they worship, discrimination does not brake them to and
still it does not affect how he/she live life.

Nabago ba nito ang tingin mo sa Tao?

It is inevitable for you to get discriminated; nowadays people see what is

"wrong" about you not "right", even you are a clean white paper they will
still criticize the dust in that plain white. We get used to it-I supposed.
But how about those people whose life has been a trial on a court or a thesis
defense where the main reason it is happening is to be corrected? To people
where for them everyone could be a panel or a judge? For Respondent 2;

"Noong una oo . Pero di lumaon na nakasalimoha na ako ng ibat-ibang klaseng

tao, narealize ko na hindi dapat ito bigyan ng pansin dahil tao ka lang din
lahat tayo likha ng Dyos."

Despite of being criticized and discriminated, for Respondent 2 it should

not be something to be taken seriously, she believes that we all human and
make mistakes and we are all created by God.

Ano ang iyong maimumungkahi upang matapos o mabawasan ng isyu?

"Tanggapin natin ang ibat-ibang uri ng relihiyon dahil pare-pareho lang naman
tayong tao at naniniwala sa isang tagapaglikha . Iiba-iba lang ang ating
paniniwala ."

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 Summary

Muslims are one of the Indigenous People who suffer discrimination, it

is mainly because of their minority and Religion-beliefs and teachings that
are not well understood by people. They are discriminated literally through
neglecting them in society sadly like schools. As the researchers' research
distinguished the discriminations experienced by this particular people
according to the result of the interview because of it, it helped them to
realize more of what are the differences between each other from especially
to people having not the same religion to you. and strengthen faith to God,
not usual of what common people would say or do. The discrimination they
experienced does not change their view to people.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination

 References:

https://opinion.inquirer.net/58661/on-being-a-muslim-the-other-side-of-
discrimination

https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/107084-end-muslim-discrimination

http://hatecrime.osce.org/what-hate-crime/bias-against-muslims. Retrieved
March 29, 2019

(https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/01/19/group-wary-of-discrimination-vs-
muslims-in-urban-areas-after-mindanao-bombings)

(https://www.manilatimes.net/stop-discrimination-muslims-lawmaker-
asks/339883/)

(https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/620441/muslims-experience-
workplace-hiring-discrimination/story/)

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION | Research Paper: Muslim Discrimination