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CHAPTER
IIREVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
This chapter
presents th
e related st
udies andlit
eratures abo
ut that prov
ided a backg
round for th
edevelopment
of the
present study
and bring the
readers up-
to-date. It
includes both
conceptual and
research
literaturefrom
the filipino
and foreign
authors.
Foreign
Studies and
Literature
Good quality
water is
essential,
whether you
are
usingwater
for survival
and health
or for
cooling and
productionpro
cesses.Accordi
ng to the
orld !ealth
"rgani#ation
$ !"%,
about&'(,)))
people die
annually from
water-related
diseases.*urre
ntly, &&'
million
people in the
world do not
haveaccess to
a safe source
of drinking
water, and
(.+
billionpeople
are without
access to
adequate
sanitation
facilities. ec
ause these ch
allenges are
fundamentally
political, t
he ro ect on
Global ater
olicy e/plor
es the govern
ancechallenge
s and opport
unities inhe
rent in ensu
ring thesusta
inable use and
stewardship of
this critical
resource
indiverse
world
conte/ts.
9
10
hether in th
e confines of
 the Internat
ional 0pace0t
ation or a t
iny hut vill
age in sub-
0aharan Afri
ca,drinkable
water is
vital for
human surviva
l.
1nfortunately
,many people
around
the world lac
k access
to clean wate
r.1sing techn
ology, at-
risk areas c
an now gain
access toadva
nced water
filtration and
purification
systems,
making alife-
saving
difference in
these
communities.T
he nonprofit
organi#atio
n *oncern fo
r 2ids, hasp
rovided aid
and disaster
relief to c
ountries suc
h as3alaysia
, Iraq and I
ndonesia sin
ce 455(. Amo
ng otherservi
ces, the
group raises
funds to
install water
deliverysyste
ms and water
 storage tan
ks in at-
risk regions
. 6ears later,
*oncern for 2
ids representa
tives learneda
bout a deep-
water well
failure
in the tiny
2urdish
villageof
2endala, Iraq,
which left its
residents
without access
todrinkable
water. The
population
quickly
dwindled
from 4,)))res
idents to a
mere
47). Those
remaining
were forced
to usea nearb
y creek that
 contained w
ater contami
nated bylive
stock, which
they sifted
through
fabric to
remove
dirtand debris
according to
8oshi, ()47.
Local Studies
and
Literature
11
0ome economi
c studies ha
ve already b
een done tha
treviewed or
analy#ed the
potable water
situation in
the hilippin
es.According
to the orld
!ealth
"rgani#ation
$ !"%,
abouta millio
n 9ilipinos g
et sick with
water-
borne disease
syearly. And
these are di
arrhea cases
alone. They
don:tinclud
e other wate
r-
borne diseas
e like amoeb
iasis,cryptos
poridiosis and
cholera. These
problems are
accreditedto
the poor
water system
in the
hilippines.
;ven in
thecapital
3anila, only
about three
fourths of
the
populationrec
eives piped
water from
the municipal
authority.
"utside3anila
far fewer p
eople have a
ccess to cle
an waterdist
ribution. In
both
locations,
these
families must
findalternat
e water sour
ces if they
are to avoid
choleraepide
mics and othe
r health prob
lems spawned
by the foul,c
ontaminated
water
available
in their
neighborhoods
.
In theprovince
s, the
scenario is
worse.The
orld ank
Group $())<%
further
indicated
that
upto 7& perce
nt of the gr
oundwater su
pply in the
countryintend
ed were drink
ing are conta
minated with
coliform andn
eeded treatme
nt. It furthe
r
asserted that
<4 percent
ofillnesses m
onitored duri
ng a five-
year period w
ere water-
related
diseases.