STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aimed to synthesize lactic acid from Indian Almond (Terminaliacatappa) mesocarp.
Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following:

1. Is there a significant difference on the effect of varying molar concentration of sulfuric acid (0.3, 0.4,
0.5 M) in the physicochemical properties in the extraction of carbohydrates from Indian
Almondmesocarp in terms of the following parameters(Wet Basis)?
1.1. Moisture
1.2. Ash
1.3. Crude protein
1.4. Crude fiber
1.5. Crude fat
1.6. Nitrogen free extract/ carbohydrates
1.7.
2. Is there a significant difference on the effect of varying molar concentration of sulfuric acid (0.3, 0.4,
0.5 M) in the physicochemical properties in the extraction of carbohydrates from Indian
Almondmesocarp in terms of the following parameters(Dry Basis)?
2.1. Moisture
2.2. Ash
2.3. Crude protein
2.4. Crude fiber
2.5. Crude fat
2.6. Nitrogen free extract/ carbohydrates

NULL HYPOTHESIS
1. There is no significant effect of varying molar concentration of sulfuric acid (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 M) in the
physicochemical properties in the extraction of carbohydrates from Indian Almond mesocarp in terms
of the following parameters(Wet basis):
1.1. Moisture
1.2. Ash
1.3. Crude protein
1.4. Crude fiber
1.5. Crude fat
1.6. Nitrogen free extract/ carbohydrates

2. There is no significant effect of varying molar concentration of sulfuric acid (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 M) in the
physicochemical properties in the extraction of carbohydrates from Indian Almond mesocarp in terms
of the following parameters(Dry basis):
2.1. Ash
2.2. Crude protein
2.3. Crude fiber
2.4. Crude fat
2.5. Nitrogen free extract/ carbohydrates
DATA:

Physicochemical Analysis of Indian AlmondTreated with Sulfuric Acid at Varying Molar Concentration (Wet Basis)

PARAMETERS 0.3 M H2SO4 0.4 M H2SO4 0.5 M H2SO4

T1 T2 T3 AVE T1 T2 T3 AVE T1 T2 T3 AVE
Moisture 94.89 94.96 95.93 95.26 93.55 94.48 94.64 94.22 92.10 93.76 93.56 93.14
Ash 0.29 0.66 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.61 0.72 0.60 0.52 0.68 0.07 0.42
Crude Protein 1.15 0.11 0.07 0.44 1.72 0.11 0.11 0.65 1.15 0.11 0.11 0.46
Crude Fiber 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.21
Crude Fat 0.51 0.09 0.44 0.35 0.03 0.08 0.47 0.19 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.12
Nitrogen Free
Extract/Carbohydrate 2.97 3.99 3.48 3.48 4.02 4.52 3.87 4.14 5.87 5.11 5.98 5.65
s

Physicochemical Analysis of Indian Almond Treated with Sulfuric Acid at Varying Molar Concentration (Dry Basis)

PARAMETERS 0.3 M H2SO4 0.4 M H2SO4 0.5 M H2SO4

T1 T2 T3 AVE T1 T2 T3 AVE T1 T2 T3 AVE
Ash 5.68 13.10 10.28 9.68 7.44 11.05 13.43 10.64 6.58 10.90 1.09 6.19
Crude Protein 1.10 2.18 1.50 1.59 26.67 1.99 2.05 10.24 14.56 1.76 1.71 6.01
Crude Fiber 0.18 3.77 4.28 2.74 3.10 3.62 3.54 3.42 2.91 3.37 2.95 3.08
Crude Fat 0.49 1.79 9.42 3.90 0.47 1.45 8.77 3.56 1.65 2.08 1.40 1.71
Nitrogen Free 2.83 79.17 74.52 52.17 62.33 81.88 72.20 72.14 74.30 81.89 92.86 83.02
Extract/Carbohydrates
 Table 1
Differences Physicochemical Analysis of Indian AlmondTreated with Sulfuric Acid at Varying Molar
Concentration (Wet Basis)

Decision on
Physicochemical
Mean Std Dev F  Significance
Properties H0
0.3 M H2SO4 95.260 0.581
Moisture
0.4 M H2SO4 94.223 0.589 6.718 0.029 Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 93.140 0.906
0.3 M H2SO4 0.477 0.185
Ash Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 0.603 0.120 0.517 0.620
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 0.423 0.316
0.3 M H2SO4 0.443 0.612
Crude Protein Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 0.647 0.930 0.073 0.931
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 0.457 0.600
0.3 M H2SO4 0.193 0.006
Crude Fiber Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 0.197 0.006 1.500 0.296
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 0.210 0.020
0.3 M H2SO4 0.347 0.225
Crude Fat Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 0.193 0.241 1.130 0.383
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 0.117 0.023
Nitrogen Free 0.3 M H2SO4 3.480 0.510
Extract/Carbohydrates 0.4 M H2SO4 4.137 0.340 18.626 0.003 Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 5.653 0.474

Table 1 presents the difference on the physicochemical analysis of indian almond

treated with sulfuric acid at varying molar concentration (wet basis) in terms of moisture,
ash content, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen free
extract/carbohydrates. One – way analysis of variance is utilized for this purpose.

When moisture of the Indian almond is taken into consideration, it can be

gleaned from the above table that the computed F – value of 6.718 yielded a   value
of 0.029 which is less than 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that the null
hypothesis of no significance is rejected. Thus, there is significant difference on the
moisture content of Indian almond treated with sulfuric acid of varying molar
concentration. The table also shows that 0.5 M of sulfuric acid gives the least amunt of
moisture with a mean of 93.140 and a standard deviation of 0.906.
 Table 2
Differences Physicochemical Analysis of Indian AlmondTreated with Sulfuric Acid at Varying Molar
Concentration (Dry Basis)

Decision on
Physicochemical
Mean Std Dev F  Significance
Properties H0
0.3 M H2SO4 9.687 3.745
Ash Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 10.640 3.016 1.045 0.408
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 6.190 4.917
0.3 M H2SO4 1.593 0.546
Crude Protein Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 10.237 14.232 0.652 0.554
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 6.010 7.405
0.3 M H2SO4 2.743 2.235
Crude Fiber Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 3.420 0.280 0.201 0.824
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 3.077 0.255
0.3 M H2SO4 3.900 4.824
Crude Fat Failed to Not
0.4 M H2SO4 3.563 4.536 0.285 0.762
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 1.710 0.344
Nitrogen Free 0.3 M H2SO4 52.173 42.796
Failed to Not
Extract/Carbohydrates 0.4 M H2SO4 72.137 9.775 1.093 0.394
Reject Significant
0.5 M H2SO4 83.017 9.331