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Psych Stats Final
Psych Stats Final
INTRODUCTION
The attention given to each student leads to different factors which affect their personality
that may be applied to cognition and academic performance. Parental support plays pivotal role in
behavioral development of a child and one of the most powerful factors in a child's growth which
is positively related to developing personality of student. As it was one of the problems facing by
every of schooling youth, there were already previous studies conducted regarding the parental
support affecting the development and children’s behavioral problem associated with the students’
academic performance. The majority of the students can be easily piqued by the judgmental
environment that further affects their cognitive behavior and academic standing. Therefore, the
students easily acquire receptions from other people and tend to manifest in terms of studies.
The main idea of this research is to identify how parental support affects the behaviors
exhibited by the students in their environment since it has been known as one of the usual incident
of every students’ life. The researchers choose this topic for they want to emphasize how words
and actions could turn into a catalyst for a student to change in a positive or negative way, also
how people treatment can affect their personality development. Parents’ involvement can be
considered as positive impacts on behaviors of the child as stated by Fan et al., 2005. In this study,
reality will be shown that most students are affected by the parental support which may lead them
to have either positive or negative traits toward the environment. Some may think a topic like this
is too shallow as a research but for the researchers, it has deeper and personal connection to the
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Statement of the Problem
This research will discuss and identify how parental support affects the behavioral
1.1. Sex
2. Does the support you are getting from your parents is enough?
3. Is there any significant changes on your cognitive and academic standing when you don’t
4. Is your parents giving either positive or negative feedback whenever the outcome of your
This research primarily benefits the students as respondents of this study because they will
know how parental support will affect their cognitive behavior as well as their academic
performance. Students may experience a specific situation as the research title entail but with the
help of this study; it can widen their perception on impacts of parents’ involvement on their
behavioral aspects. Parents will also benefit from this study by being mindful. It is essential for
the parents to know that giving enough support to their children is highly needed to be aware of.
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Also the researchers will benefit because they are also students that might have been in few
Hypothesis
Ha. There is a significant relationship between their Cognitive Behavior and GPA.
This study aims to have an in-depth insight on the relationship of the parental support
on the behavior and academic standing of psychology students. As people know, there are
various reasons why students sometimes misbehave, and one of the possible factor is the
support they are receiving from their parents. At the end of this study, the researches will be
having recommendations on how students should deal in some instances about their parents’
support. Researchers will gather 50 respondents of different year and sections which may
serve as the basis on research study’s completion. Moreover, this study is limited only for
Conceptual Framework
This study focuses on parental support associated to the cognitive behavior and academic
performance of psychology students in Universidad de Manila. As shown in figure 1, the analysis
of how it is structured and organized:
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Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Definition of Terms
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The following discusses how the parental support affects the cognitive behavior and
Foreign Literature
It is known that family is the basic unit which nurtures a child from infancy to other higher
enhancing cognitive development, learning, socialization and molding an individual who fits in
the community. Finally, community is perceived as the universe where all individuals converge,
irrespective of their character or past experience. To build a healthy and peaceful society, human
Every individual is traced back to a family and therefore parental involvement in any stage of
an individual varies within cultures and societies. Parental involvement takes many forms such as
good parenting at home, provision of basic necessities, positive behavior molding, instilling
positive social values and good citizenry and above all, enhancing educational aspirations (Rafiq
et al., (2013). Parental involvement and academic achievement; A study on secondary school
students of Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. In particular,
parental involvement in their children’s academic performance may include activities such as
helping the child in reading, supervising their homework, offering coaching and presenting
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The fourth edition of the Evidence publication entitled “New Wave of Evidence Report”
by Henderson and Mapp (2002). A new wave of evidence - the impact of school, family, and
community connections on student achievement. This report indicated that the continuously
performance is substantial and consistent. When families, schools and communities work in
collaboration in supporting the child’s learning, the children gain better education outcomes. These
outcomes include: improved learning achievement, retention in school and improved educational
aspirations. The same report indicates that there are long-term effects associated with children
whose families are involved in their education. Such include children attaining better test scores,
being enrolled in education programs which are perceived to be challenging, regular school
Foreign Studies
Fan (2001) demonstrated that parents' educational aspiration for their children proved to
be strongly related to students' academic growth. Research studies have found that parental
educational level has a significant impact on child’s learning, (Khan & Malik, 1999). Similarly,
Schneider and Lee (1990) linked the academic success of the East Asian students to the values and
aspirations they share with their parents, and also to the home learning activities in which their
parents involve with them. In fact, all parents have desired to do something better for their children
according to their available resources. But the extent and effectiveness of parental support depends
on a variety of reasons, such as, ethnicity, family income, and home environment and their
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Parental support plays pivotal role in schooling of a child and one of the most
performance. Parental support is used to observe its impact on the academic performance of
students; it is closely associated with financial, emotional and educational support provided
by parents and other family members at home. Academic performance is therefore not
merely based on the educational processes within school, it depends no less on the
circumstances that young live in, on the encouragement and support teenage receive at home,
the atmosphere in the peer group, and lifestyles of adolescents in different places (Pong, et
al. 2005). Academic support is defined as the provision of the facilities needed by the child
and the resources needed for their socialization. Emotional support in the form of
encouragement and assistance in homework of the child is also a part of academic support
Local Literature
Parental involvement refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes
to the schooling of his/her children. Some schools foster healthy parental involvement, but
sometimes parents has hesitations if they will involve themselves with their children's
education. It has been advocated in Western countries. However, there is a body of literature
that examines the significance of social and cultural influences and the effects of parents'
for schools to recognize the existence of cultural variations in parent involvement because
there are differences among parents with diverse background on when, why, and how they
are involved in their children's education. Parenting is important in the Philippine society
because family is viewed as a center to one's social world. But, social contexts in which
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Filipino families are embedded have changed rapidly over the past ten years (Ochoa & Torre,
n.d.). Children's learning is increasingly moving toward a broader vision of the 21 st century
learning. As children's educations increasingly occur across a range of settings, parents are
uniquely positioned to help ensure that these settings best support their children's specific
and the involvement that they have with their children's education (Jackson, 2010). The
present study is using a qualitative research design that will investigate existing literatures
school, volunteering and participating in school's activities, and learning at home. The study
will rely on the analysis of documents in order to gain deeper understanding about parental
Framework.
resources. In rural schools, electricity is often lacking. Families, in turn, are often strained to
provide adequate support (for example, school supplies, uniforms, among others), yet
Filipino parents across all social class levels typically regard education as essential to their
children’s success, and are willing to go to great lengths to help their children through school.
There is also a clear distinction between the school experiences of females, as compared to
males. Girls are approximately 1.5 times more likely to attend school than boys. (Maligalig
et al. 2010).
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Local Studies
According to Shankar Dominic Gore (2015), “Parental help with children’s education
determines achievement more strongly for children in lower grades.” Parental support or
involvement has been one of the reason why students are getting recognized for negative
things at school. When there are parents who give a certain student need, most probably they
It is said by Cadosales et al., 2017 “Regular communication between students and their
parents allow them both to solve the problems that might affect the schooling of the
students.” Parents’ involvement on their children as students makes their children efficient
in a way that their problems as students will fixed. Proper words that are said will become a
huge help for their children because it makes their feelings light that will result on
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CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The survey method will be using a correlational research design in conducting this study
regarding “A Correlational Study about Parental Support Associated to the Cognitive and
what kind of relationship does the Parental Support affects the variables: (1) Cognitive Behavior,
(2) Academic Performance of psychology students. Survey method was the accurate method for
this study, considering that the researchers shall focus on the present situation. This research design
can help the researchers to elicit concrete responses from the participants which in return can help
the researchers in forming the conclusion at the end of this research study. The discussion of the
methodology attempts to present some of the specific tools and experiences used to inform the
design of the research and the development of an interpretation. The survey method requires survey
researchers used Purposive Sampling in 50 students from different year and section of BS
Psychology. The use of the chosen research sample allowed the researchers to gather information
based on their purposes and on the respondents' knowledge toward the study. The researchers
distributed a minimum of 5 and maximum of 10 survey questionnaires for each class of psychology
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Research Instrument
The chosen research instrument used is survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaires which
were in form of checklist were used to gather the needed data from the respondents. It consists of
items that determined the respondents’ choices and perspectives in terms of Parental Support
Associated to the Cognitive and Academic Performance of Psychology Students. In the preparation
of the instrument, the requirements in the designing of good data collection were considered. For
instance, statement describing the situation or issues pertaining will be toned down to
accommodate to the knowledge preparedness of the respondents. In this way, the instrument is
The following content of this chapter are the procedures in data gathering that will be
Step 1: Preparation
Before proceeding to the actual data gathering, the researchers would provide a
requisition letter signed by the participants and by the researchers themselves. The purpose of
this letter is to inform the participant that the researchers conducted a survey through distribution
of survey questionnaire.
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Step 2: Actual Distribution and Gathering of Survey
The actual data gathering of the proposed study will be done by distributing survey
questionnaires to the participants. By the means of survey forms, this will enable the researchers
in accumulating the participants’ perspectives which are relevant to the study. The estimated
The researchers analyzed and interpreted the answers of the respondents from which the
compilation of common response was comprised. Moreover, gathered data of this study will be
The study used graphs and figures to determine the data and to show differences between
the variables. This allowed the researchers in generalizing the ideas of the gathered data and
having the validity of each data gained. One formula was used, which is the Pearson r.
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Wherein:
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CHAPTER III
This chapter aims to show the results of all the answers of the respondents based on the
following questions.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Male 15 30%
Female 35 70%
Total 50 100%
Table 1 showcases the sex of the respondents who answered the survey questionnaire, there
are 15 males (30%) and 35 females (70%). Universidad de Manila is the school or setting where
the researchers gathered the data about “A Correlational Study about Parental Support Associated
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Table 2. Cognitive Behavior and GPA
x y xy
Table 2, the result of the Pearson r is 0.32 wherein the range falls to Low Correlation.
Therefore, there is no significant relation of the cognitive behavior and the academic performance
of the student.
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Interpretation of the computed value of Pearson-R
R Verbal Interpretation
±0.01 - ±0.19 Slight Correlation
±0.20 - ±0.39 Low Correlation
±0.40 - ±0.69 Moderate Correlation
±0.70 - ±0.89 High Correlation
±0.90 - ±0.99 Very High Correlation
1.00 Perfect Correlation
The parental support and cognitive behavior and academic performance LOW
Decision: H0 = ACCEPTED
Ha= REJECTED
Interpretation: There is no significance relationship between Parental Support and
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Bibliography
Revina Ortizano- Mendoza (PhD) / Attendance and Parental Support: Its Influence to
Francesco Avvisati, Bruno Besbas and Nina Guyon / Parental Involvement in School: A
Cadosales et al., / Students’ Relationship with Parents: Basis for an Action Plan (2017)
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