Bxkup & recovery QUESTIONS

==========================

https://www.globalguideline.com/interview_questions/Questions.php?
sc=Oracle_Backup_and_Recovery_Interview_Questions_and_Answers_

https://rajsen21.wordpress.com/2016/09/13/backup-and-recovery-interview-questions-
for-oracle-dba/

Interview Questions and Answers for Oracle Database Backup and Recovery

Interview questions and answers for Oracle Managing Backup and Recovery Interview
Questions and Answers Oracle Managing Backup and Recovery Interview Questions and
Answers includes, different methods of backing up oracle database, Logical Backups,
Cold Backups, Hot Backups, export backups, EXP command, FILE option, COMPRESS
option, GRANT option, INDEXES option, ROWS option, CONSTRAINTS.

Oracle Database Managing Backup and Recovery Interview Questions and Answers

1. What are the different methods of backing up oracle database?

Logical Backups
Cold Backups
Hot Backups (Archive log)

2. What is a logical backup?

Logical backup involves reading a set of database records and writing them into a
file. Export utility is used for taking backup and Import utility is used to
recover from backup.

3. What is cold backup? What are the elements of it?

Cold backup is taking backup of all physical files after normal shutdown of
database. We need to take.

All Data files.

All Control files.
All on-line redo log files.
The init.ora file (Optional)

4. What are the different kinds of export backups?

Full backup - Complete database

Incremental backup - Only affected tables from last incremental date/full
backup date.
Cumulative backup - Only affected table from the last cumulative date/full
backup date.

5. What is hot backup and how it can be taken?

Taking backup of archive log files when database is open. For this the ARCHIVELOG
mode should be enabled. The following files need to be backed up. All data files.
All Archive log, redo log files. On control file.

6. What is the use of FILE option in EXP command?

To give the export file name.
7. What is the use of COMPRESS option in EXP command?

Flag to indicate whether export should compress fragmented segments into single
extents.
8. What is the use of GRANT option in EXP command?

A flag to indicate whether grants on database objects will be exported or not.

Value is 'Y' or 'N'.
9. What is the use of INDEXES option in EXP command?

A flag to indicate whether indexes on tables will be exported.

10. What is the use of ROWS option in EXP command?

Flag to indicate whether table rows should be exported. If 'N' only DDL statements
for the database objects will be created.
11. What is the use of CONSTRAINTS option in EXP command?

A flag to indicate whether constraints on table need to be exported.

12. What is the use of FULL option in EXP command?

A flag to indicate whether full database export should be performed.

13. What is the use of OWNER option in EXP command?

List of table accounts should be exported.

14. What is the use of TABLES option in EXP command?

List of tables should be exported.

15. What is the use of RECORD LENGTH option in EXP command?

Record length in bytes.

16. What is the use of INCTYPE option in EXP command?

Type export should be performed COMPLETE, CUMULATIVE, INCREMENTAL.

17. What is the use of RECORD option in EXP command?

For Incremental exports, the flag indirect whether a record will be stores data
dictionary tables recording the export.
18. What is the use of PARFILE option in EXP command?

Name of the parameter file to be passed for export.

19. What is the use of ANALYSE option in EXP command?

A flag to indicate whether statistical information about the exported objects

should be written to export dump file.
20. What is the use of CONSISTENT option in EXP command?

A flag to indicate whether a read consistent version of all the exported objects
should be maintained.
21. What is use of LOG (Ver 7) option in EXP command?

The name of the file which log of the export will be written.
22. What is the use of FILE option in IMP command?

The name of the file from which import should be performed.

23. What is the use of SHOW option in IMP command?

A flag to indicate whether file content should be displayed or not.

24. What is the use of IGNORE option in IMP command?
A flag to indicate whether the import should ignore errors encounter when issuing
CREATE commands.
25. What is the use of GRANT option in IMP command?

A flag to indicate whether grants on database objects will be imported.

26. What is the use of INDEXES option in IMP command?

A flag to indicate whether import should import index on tables or not.

27. What is the use of ROWS option in IMP command?

A flag to indicate whether rows should be imported. If this is set to 'N' then only
DDL for database objects will be executed

===================================================================================
================================================
http://select-star-from.blogspot.com/2013/07/oracle-dba-interview-questions-
answers.html

Oracle Backup and Recovery Interview Questions and Answers

How would you decide your backup strategy and timing for backup?In fact backup
strategy is purely depends upon your organization business need.
If no downtime then database must be run on archivelog mode and you have to take
frequently or daily backup.
If sufficient downtime is there and loss of data would not affect your business
then you can run your database in noarchivelog mode and backup can be taken in-
frequently or weekly or monthly.
In most of the case in an organization when no downtime then frequent inconsistent
backup needed (daily backup), multiplex online redo log files (multiple copies),
different location for redo log files, database must run in archivelog mode and
dataguard can be implemented for extra bit of protection.

What is difference between Restoring and Recovery of database?

Restoring means copying the database object from the backup media to the
destination where actually it is required where as recovery means to apply the
database object copied earlier (roll forward) in order to bring the database into
consistent state.

What is the difference between complete and incomplete recovery?An incomplete

database recovery is a recovery that it does not reach to the point of failure. The
recovery can be either point of time or particular SCN or Particular archive log
specially incase of missing archive log or redolog failure where as a complete
recovery recovers to the point of failure possibly when having all archive log
backup.

What is the benefit of running the DB in archivelog mode over no archivelog mode?
When a database is in no archivelog mode whenever log switch happens there will be
a loss of some redoes log information in order to avoid this, redo logs must be
archived. This can be achieved by configuring the database in archivelog mode.

If an oracle database is crashed? How would you recover that transaction which is
not in backup?If the database is in archivelog we can recover that transaction
otherwise we cannot recover that transaction which is not in backup.

What is the difference between HOTBACKUP and RMAN backup?

For hotbackup we have to put database in begin backup mode, then take backup where
as RMAN would not put database in begin backup mode. RMAN is faster can perform
incremental (changes only) backup, and does not place tablespace in hotbackup mode.

Can we use Same target database as Catalog database?

No, the recovery catalog should not reside in the target database (database to be
backed up) because the database can not be recovered in the mounted state.

Incremental backup levels:

Level 0 � full backup that can be used for subsequent incrementals
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;
Differential Level 1�only the blocks that have changed since the last backup
(whether it is level 0 or level 1)
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 differential database;
Cumulative Level 1 � all changes since the last level 0 incremental backup
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;
A full backup cannot be used for a cumulative level 1 backup.
A cumulative level 1 backup must be done on top of an incremental level 0 backup.

Why RMAN incremental backup fails even though full backup exists?If you have taken
the RMAN full backup using the command �Backup database�, where as a level 0 backup
is physically identical to a full backup. The only difference is that the level 0
backup is recorded as an incremental backup in the RMAN repository so it can be
used as the parent for a level 1 backup. Simply the �full backup without level 0�
can not be considered as a parent backup from which you can take level 1 backup.

Can we perform RMAN level 1 backup without level 0?If no level 0 is available, then
the behavior depends upon the compatibility mode setting (oracle version).
If the compatibility mode less than 10.0.0, RMAN generates a level 0 backup of
files contents at the time of backup.
If the compatibility is greater than 10.0.0, RMAN copies all block changes since
the file was created, and stores the results as level 1 backup.

How to put Manual/User managed backup in RMAN?In case of recovery catalog, you can
put by using catalog command:
RMAN> CATALOG START WITH �/oracle/backup.ctl�;

How to check RMAN version in oracle?If you want to check RMAN catalog version then
use the below query from SQL*plus
SQL> Select * from rcver;

What happens actually in case of instance Recovery?While Oracle instance fails,

Oracle performs an Instance Recovery when the associated database is being re-
started. Instance recovery occurs in 2 steps:
Cache recovery: Changes being made to a database are recorded in the database
buffer cache as well as redo log files simultaneously. When there are enough data
in the database buffer cache, they are written to data files. If an Oracle instance
fails before these data are written to data files, Oracle uses online redo log
files to recover the lost data when the associated database is re-started. This
process is called cache recovery.
Transaction recovery: When a transaction modifies data in a database (the before
image of the modified data is stored in an undo segment which is used to restore
the original values in case the transaction is rolled back). At the time of an
instance failure, the database may have uncommitted transactions. It is possible
that changes made by these uncommitted transactions have gotten saved in data
files. To maintain read consistency, Oracle rolls back all uncommitted transactions
when the associated database is re-started. Oracle uses the undo data stored in
undo segments to accomplish this. This process is called transaction recovery.

My Database has Level 1 backup, tell me what are all backed up ? with Example?

Database is UP and has taken Level 0 backup, is the backup taken is Consistent or
Inconsistent?

How do you say a backup is Consistent or Inconsistent, Oracle Terminology?

Can we take backup when the Database is down?

If i have a RMAN full backup Level 0 of Sun @9PM, on Mon 9PM taken incremental
Level 1 backup.What type of backup do you get and what is actually backedup?

If i have a RMAN full backup of Sun @9PM, on Mon 9PM taken incremental Level 1
backup.On Tuesday Database Crashed.What type of backup do you get and what is
actually backedup?

There is no Backup available, Can we take a Level 1 backup?

A table got dropped between 9AM - 11AM how to get the Table backup using RMAN,
DB size 500GB available mount point space for table recovery is 15GB?

Sys Admin has changed the time from 10:00 AM to 9:30 AM, table dropped, How do you
recover the Table?

A DATAFILE is corrupted and there is no backup, How to recover the datafile?

All Controlfiles are corrupted, How to recover the controlfile?

==============================================================================
https://www.oracle-dba-online.com/backup__recovery_questions_oracle_dba.htm

===================================================================================
=

http://www.geekinterview.com/Interview-Questions/Oracle/Backup-and-Recovery

================================================================================

https://www.dbacentre.com/oracle-backup-and-recovery-interview-questions/

===================================================================================
=

http://www.a2zinterviews.com/oracle-dba-questions/oracle-backup-questions/index.php

===================================================================================
=====

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/database-backup-recovery-interview-
questions.html

===================================================================================
=======
http://select-star-from.blogspot.com/2013/07/oracle-dba-interview-questions-
answers.html

===================================================================================
======

https://rajsen21.wordpress.com/2016/09/13/backup-and-recovery-interview-questions-
for-oracle-dba/

===================================================================================
===============