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Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (10 Credits) : By: Ir. NAHAYO Déogratias Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (10 Credits) : By: Ir. NAHAYO Déogratias Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department
i. Assignments : 20 %
ii. CAT : 40%
iii. Final Exam : 40%
Clay.
SOIL TEXTURE CONTD.
From the mechanical analysis, the proportions of sand,
silt and clay are obtained.
The actual soil texture is determined using the Soil
Textural Triangle e.g. for a Soil with 50% sand, 20%
silt and 30% clay, the texture is Sandy Clay Loam.
Arranged in the increasing order of heaviness, there
are 12 soil textures namely: sand, loamy sand, sandy
loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, silty clay
loam, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay and clay.
content.
SOIL WATER CONTD.
There is need for a soil ‘wetness’ which
reflects the ease or difficulty of extraction
of water from the soil by the plant.
The Concept of Soil Water Potential is
therefore used in Soil/Plant/Water
Relations
Mw Mass of Water
Pm
M s Mass of Dry Solids
08/02/2017 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 35
Gravimetric Method Contd.
Weigh wet soil in a container, put in oven
at 105 oC for about 48 hours; weigh
again and obtain the weight of water by
subtraction. A good soil should have
moisture contents between 5 and 60%
and for peat or organic soils, it can be
greater than 100%.
Sand 8 4 4 2.0
08/02/2017 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 49
Available Water in the Soil
Saturated
•Excess water
Field Capacity 100% available
I = (a Tn ) mm/hr.