Luzon Location Religion Distinct Features Pictures

Indigenous
Groups
Aeta isolated Indigenous The Aetas are
mountainous parts monotheistic skillful in weaving
of the island of Luzon religion and plaiting.
Women
exclusively weave
winnows and
mats. Only men
make armlets.
They also produce
raincoats made of
palm leaves
whose bases
surround the neck
of the wearer,
and whose
topmost part
spreads like a fan
all around the
body.
Benguet La Trinidad. Austronesian Some live in the
tropical forests of
the foothills, but
most live in
rugged grassland
and pine forest
zones higher up.

Ifugao Banaue Animism Ifugaos have

woven on looms
and carved works
of art from blocks
of woods.
The rice terraces
is a symbol of
their industry that
will live through
the ages.

Bontoc Benguet, ifugao, animists Both men and

apayao women
traditionally
covered their
bodies with
tattoos, although
the men were
only allowed to
after having killed
enemies in inter-
tribal conflicts.
Apayao Ilocos Norte, Ilocos among the
Sur, Mountain earliest areas
Province penetrated by the
Spaniards in the
Cordilleras, the
region, inhabited
by the Isneg tribe,
remained largely
outside Spanish
control until late
in the 19th
century.

Kalinga TabukIlocos Norte, Kalinga people

Ilocos Sur, Mountain lived modest but
Province passionate lives in
a world where
your skin
communicated
your social status
to the local
community.
Itneg Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Austronesian The language and
Sur, Mountain dialects of the
Province Inlaod Itnegs have
quite a number of
lexical similarities
to the Ilocano
language, which is
their second
language. The
Inlaod Itnegs are
found in
Peñarrubia,
Langiden,
Danglas, and
Lagangilang.
Ilongot Sierra Madre Christians Ilongos that may
be viewed as
either positive or
negative. Ilongos
speak in a sing-
song manner,
which is what
projects them as
affectionate.,
however, this
characteristics
can make it
difficult for an
Ilonggo or express
himself strongly.
Gaddangs Central Isabela, Their name
Nueva Vizaya, derives from a
Quirino, and Cagayan combination of ga
“heat” and dang
“burned”, hence,
they have have a
darker
complexion
compared to
other peoples of
the Cordilleras.

Visayas Ethnic Location Religion Distinct Features Pictures

Groups

Aati Panay Island, Christian, The Ati are the

Roman first people to call
Catholic, Panay Island
Protestant home. They are
genetically
related to other
Negrito ethnic
groups in the
Philippines such
as the Aeta of
Luzon, the Batak
of Palawan, the
Agta of the Sierra
Madres and the
Mamanwa of
Mindanao.
Sulod Tapiz, Capiz, Christian, They speak dialect
Lambunao, Iloilo, Roman that is
and Catholic, combination of
Valderrama,Antique Protestant Kinaray-a which ic
characterized by
many archaic
expressions and
most of the sulod
are monolingual

Mangyan Mindoro Animism, They have a kind

roman of poetry which is
catholic, called the
evangelical ambahan
protestant
Tadyawan Pinamalayan, Bansud Roman The women wore
catholic, for their upper
Panganism, covering red cloth
called paypay,
which is wound
around the breast

Tagbanwa Aborlan , Quezon, Roman The group are

Puerto Prinsesa catholic, excellent in
Panganism, basketry and
Indigenous wood carving. In
tagbanwa addition, they are
religion also famous for
their beautifully
crafted body
accessories.

Kagayanan Manobo,Cagayancillo Roman It belongs to the

catholic, Manobo
Panganism, subgroup of the
Austronesian
language family,
and is the only
member of this
group.

Molbog Balabac, Batarza in Animistic, The molbog are

southern Palawan Christian, known to have a
Protestant strong connection
with the natural
world especially
with the sacred
pilandok.

Taaw’t Bato Singnapan Basin, Animistic, Taaw’t Bato

Quezon Christian, artistry id cruder
Protestant compared to
other Palawan
groups, except in
exceptional cases
involving
basketry. Around
cave-dwellings,
for example, they
construct a light
and sturdy lattice
–work made of
sapling lashed
together.
Palawano Palawan Animistic One of the
Animistic, indigenous people
Christian, of Palawan. They
Protestant traditionally hunt
using soars and
bamboo
blowguns.

Cuyunos Northern and Central Animistic, The cuyos

Palawan Christian, sorounded by
Protestant Cuyo Island and
islets in the
northern Sulu
Sea, to the north
east of Palawan.
They are
considered an
elite class among
the hierarchy of
native Palawan.
Batak Northeast portion of Animistic, Living close to,
palawan Christian, with nature , they
Protestant are peaceful and
shy people. These
people believe n
nature spirits,
with whom they
communicate
through a
babaylan .

Ethnic Tribes Location Religion Distinct Features Pictures

in Mindanao/
non- Muslims
and Muslims
Moro Sulu and Palawan Sunni islam

Maranaw Islam Sunni islam They are known

for their artwork,
weaving, wood,
plastic and metal
crafts and epic
literature.
 Sulu and Palawan Sunni Islam The tausog are
Tausog part of the wider
political identity
of muslims of
Mindanao , sulu
and Palawan .

Blaan Davao del sur and Sunni islam . The B’laan are
south Cotabato one of the
indigenous
peoples of
Southern
Mindanao in The
Philippines.
They are famous
for their
brassworks,
beadwork and
t’nalak weave.
The people of
these tribes wear
colorful
embroidered
native costumes
and beadwork
accessories.
Bukidnon Malaybalay city Sunni islam Religious rites are
presided by a
baylan whos
ordination is
voluntary and
may come from
any sex. The
bukidnon have
rich musical and
oral traditions.
Higaonon Agusan del sur, Sunni islam Driven to the hills
Misamis Oriental, and mountains
Camiguin, iligan city, these people
and Lanao del norte continued to
exist and fought
for the
preservation of
the people ,
heritage and
culture

Mamanwa Leyte, Agusan del Sunni islam The origins of this

norte and Surigao phenotype(found
in, agta, ati, and
aeta tribes in the
Philippines)
Manobo Surigao del norte, Austronesian The Manobo are
Surigao del sur, probably the most
Davao, Agusan numerous of the
delsur, North and ethnic groups of
South Cotabato the Philippines in
the relationships
and names of the
groups that
belong to his
family of
languages.
Mansaka Davao del norte and Sunni islam The term
Davao del sur mansaka derives
Compostella valley. from man with
literal meaning
first and saka
meaning to
ascend and
means the first
people to ascebd
mountains.

Sangil Maguindanao Protestant Elements of

Christianity , animistic rituals
Islam still remain.

Subanen Misamis Occidental Christians, The coastal areas

Animist become home to
inhabitants from
bukidnon who
were steadily
followed by the
settlers from
nearby cebu and
bohol.
Tagakaulo Davao del sur, Protestants, Tagakulo means
Sarangani Province Christians, living in
Animism mountains.
Tasaday Deep mountains of Sunni islam, The tasaday is a
mindanao Catholic group of about
two dozen people
living within the
deep and
mountainous
rainforestof
Mindanao.

Tboli South Mindanao Sunni islam, The T’boli

Animism distinguish
themselves from
other Tribal
Groups
by their colorful
clothes, bracelets
and earrings,
this tribe is
famous for their
complicated
beadwork,
wonderful woven
fabrics and
beautiful brass
ornaments.
Lumads Caraga, and Davao Islam The Lumad of
Regions. Mindanao
includes several
ethnolinguistic
nations such as
the Manobo, the
Tasaday, the
Mamanwa, the
Mandaya, the
B'laan, the T'boli,
and the Kalagan.
Yakan Basilan Folk Islam The tribe is known
to be peaceful
and respectful as
shown in their
manner of
greeting
strangers. When
meeting people of
the tribe a visitor
has to join them
in Mang-Upa, a
betel nut chewing
ritual.
Activity 2: Compare the similarities and differences among indigenous groups in
Luzon, Visayas, Palawan, Mindoro, and Mindanao.

Luzon
 The costumes of the indigenous groups in Luzon are very rare, they usually used red
colors same as the other ethnics groups in the Philippines, but they usually put
headdress that is full of feathers of birds. hey have their own unique costume,that
makes them distinctive from other tribes in the Philippines.This costume reflects their
way of life, cultures, personalities, religious practices and rituals.Igorot costume is very
simple.The men wear long strips of handwoven loin cloth called “wanes”.The woman
wear a kind of wrap-around skirt called “lufid”.
 The dances of indigenous groups in Luzon, mostly they are mimicking the movement or
the lifestyle of animals.
 The rituals of indigenous groups in Luzon, they usually have a babaylan or shaman that
can help them communicate to their gods, and help them heal those persons who are
sick.
 The indigenous groups in luzon, which comprises numerous tribes in the northern part
of the country, are mostly residing in the mountain ranges of the Cordillera Region.

Visayas, Palawan,Mindoro
 Same as the costumes of other ethnic groups but they are more in the colonization of
aetas and negritos that’s why, some of the Visayas, Palawan tribes are naked with some
beads on their neck and accessories in their body. Not like in Mindoro they have
headdresses and dress to wear for they believe on animism. Visayan is a general term
used to describe the people who live on the central islands of the Philippines around the
Visayan Sea. Also known as the Bisaya, Bizayan, Bisayan also they are similar to other
ethnic groups due to its body paintings and tattoos on their body.
 The Palawano tribe belongs to the Manobo-based linguistic group of southern
Philippines and is divided into four subgroups, namely, the Central Palawano (also
known as Quezon Palawano), Brooke's Point Palawano, Southwest Palawano, and South
Palawano (also known as Bugsuk Palawano). The tribe's language appears to resemble
that of the Malay, although different groups may exhibit some distinctions depending
on their location.

 The dances of visayas, Palawan, and Mindoro are similar because they are also
mimicking movement of the birds same s the other groups in the Philippines.
 Same as the other groups they also have ritual headed by babaylans, or suruwano.
 Visayans are seen as passionate, fun-loving, musical and courageous. They are mostly
Roman Catholic. They make up a proportionally high number of professional fighters in
the Philippines military and have played a major role in fighting the Islamic groups in
Mindanao. They have traditionally been farmers who cultivated corn and wet rice.

Mindanao

 This attire is worn by the Muslims who livein the southern part of the Philippines.It
features long skirts for the women, frequently woven with metallic threads,and shorter,
wrap-around skirts for the men.The women also frequently have overskirts and scarves
draped from the shoulder.Batik design is also common with this costumes.It shows the
 mix of Arab, Malaysian and Chinese.Elaborate umbrella makes a nice fashion statement,
usually used by a Muslim princess.
 They are known for their mysticism, royalty, and beauty which are evident in their music
and dances. Accompanied by the agong and kulintang, Filipino Muslim dance is marked
by intricate hand and arm movement along with shimmering costumes.
 Rituals, as performed by the baylan (ritual practitioner), are done during planting and
harvesting season. This activity is done to ask Magbabaya to give them bountiful
harvests, and to drive away bad spirits or pests that will damage their plants/farms.

GENERALIZATION

Identification with one’s group is regarded as strong and

remains strong even when the groups go over seas.
Tagalogs are regarded as proud, boastful and talkative.
Pampangans are considered independent, self-centered
and materialistic. Ilocanos are seen as hardworking,
aggressive and worried about the future. And Visayans
are seen as fun-loving, musical and courageous.
Batangueños are known as the "salesmen of the
Philippines."

Filipinos have a strong sense of regionalism. Strong ties

bind those who come from the same province or those
who speak the same dialect. They support each other
because they consider themselves as "brothers or
sisters". Sometimes, it is whom you know that counts
when facilitating papers or when trying to get quick and
positive results.
There are many diverse pockets of indigenous tribal
groups in the remote hilly and mountainous areas of the
Philippines. These peoples speak languages unrelated to
Malay and have different ethnic origins than
mainstream Malay culture Filipinos. In the Cordillera
mountain provinces of Northern Luzon they are
collectively known as Igorots; elsewhere in Luzon there
are Aeta communities; in Mindoro Mangyan
 communities live in much of the uplands; in the Visayan
islands of the central Philippines these indigenous
minorities are referred in somewhat derogatory fashion
as "Negritos"

Question:
1. How did the Philippine indigenous groups defend
their culture and identify from foreign occupations?

Answer: Indigenous groups defend their culture

and traditions by giving importance of what
they believe and by preserving it through
keeping it and past to generation by generation
that’s why nowadays we still have indigenous
people despite of colonization of other
countries. Maybe the indigenous people have
safeguarded their cultural heritages to avoid
and prevent the possible loss of their identity
and culture. It is their precaution to have
stronger belief on what they are believing in
and to obviate harm and trouble towards the
foreigners. And by Promoting what they have
and what they can do. And continuing the
practice of indgenous people with their culture
and tradition. And the un ending support they
showed by simply going on with what they have
started.