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2006 RAE4 X-Prep1
2006 RAE4 X-Prep1
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
The figure below is passed through a 60 kHz band pass filter that has a -3 dB bandwidth of 10
kHz.
10
8
V1-pos / V
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time/uSecs 10uSecs/div
Sketch the spectrum analyzer display of the above signal showing all relevant amplitudes and
frequencies up to the 7th harmonic.
10
5
Spectrum(V1-pos) / V
500m
200m
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency/kHertz 50kHertz/div
300
250
Output / mV
200
150
100
50
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frequency/kHertz 10kHertz/div
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RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
Sketch the spectrum analyzer display showing all relevant values of amplitude and frequency.
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RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
FREQUENCY GENERATION
The figure below represents a Class A radio-frequency (RF) amplifier.
VCC
390n 470n
3.3p L1 L2 4.7k
47k C1 R6
R1
10 12
R4 R5
1n
Q1
+Vin
Q2N2222
C3
1k 390 100p
R2 R3 C2
- Vin
What type of capacitor is best suited for use in tank circuits at low frequencies?
Silvered-Mica
The inductor in the tank circuit must meet which two criteria?
Low parasitic capacitance
Stable unloaded Q
A NE564 phase lock loop (PLL) has an output voltage controlled frequency (VCO) of 5 MHz at
20 ºC. The manufacturers indicate a 500 ppm / ºC frequency drift with temperature on their
datasheet.
Calculate the new output frequency in kHz if the temperature changes to 25 ºC.
500 Hz / °C
Frequency drift = 0.5 kHz / °C x 5 ºC
New frequency = 5 000 kHz + 2500
New frequency = 5002.5 kHz
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RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
Asses the utilization of a LC oscillator as the reference frequency section in this PLL.
The output frequency will drift as the LC oscillator is unstable with temperature change
Design a frequency synthesizer that will generate the very high frequency range (FM = 88 – 108
MHz) used for radio broadcasts in South Africa. The reference frequency must be 50 kHz.
Utilize some of the following parts:
5 by Binary coded decimal (BCD) programmable dividers with a maximum input
frequency of 20 MHz;
1 by NE 568A PLL with a maximum output frequency of 150 MHz;
1 by XR 215 PLL with a maximum output frequency of 35 MHz;
1 by 1 MHz crystal oscillator; and
1 by 15 / 16 Dual modulus prescaler
Calculate the maximum and minimum divider values for the feedback circuit (Remember that
NO decimals are allowed).
Nmax = 135
Nmin = 110
Calculate the output frequency for a BCD value of 0111 1100 in the feedback circuit.
N = 124
F = 99.2 MHz
4
RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
Calculate the amount by which the crystal oscillator frequency must be reduced.
Q = 20
NOISE
List four different types of system noise as discussed by Young.
White or thermal noise
Shot noise
Flicker noise
Burst noise
The following circuitry exists in an electronic circuit operating at a 200 kHz bandwidth.
A B C D
Load
R = 1 k Gain1 = 10 dB Gain2 = 12 dB
NF1 = 2 dB NF2 = 10 dB
5
RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
26 dB 430.65 K
Calculate the final S/N ratio developed over the load when using a 10 mV input signal at A.
93.4 dB
ANTENNAE
The following figure illustrates a common VHF antenna used in Gauteng for television
reception.
What arrays would you conclude are being utilized in this antenna?
Parasitic array
End-fire array
Calculate the frequency of operation if the driven element was measured to be 0.7 m long.
203.57 MHz
6
RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
The following radiation pattern was obtained from a 15m Quad antenna.
What techniques could be applied to maximize the front-to-back ratio in a two element beam?
The reflector must be made longer than the driven element while the director must be
shorter
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RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
CELLULAR RADIO
A cell phone subscriber travels from Johannesburg to Cape Town. Along the way a call is made
to a close family member.
What role does the mobile identity number (MIN) play in making this call?
The network checks this number to authenticate any calls
Complete the following table with regard to the GSM specifications. The answers are given in
bold.
Specification Value
Mobile transmit frequency range 890 – 915 MHz
Base station transmit frequency range 935 – 960 MHz
Channel spacing 200 kHz
0.3 Gaussian Modulation Shift
Modulation
Key (GMSK)
“Full-rate” traffic support per radio channel 8
Time slot period per user 576 us
Class 5 hand held output power 2W
8
RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
Design a MBC system that will communicate over a distance of 1900 km when using the
following parameters:
Transmit power = 700 W
Receiver sensitivity = -120 dBm
Operating frequency = 33 MHz
MBC scatter loss = 60 dB
Transmit antenna gain = Receive antenna gain = 12 dBi
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RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
10
RAE4 Typical questions and POSSIBLE answers Exam Preparation
Phase synchronization where the receiver determines which 2n – 1 phase the M-Sequence
could be in
At least N bits would have to be received without error
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