HOSPITAL PLANNING

Col Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin

M Phil, MPH, PGD (Health Economics), MBBS
Armed Forces Medical Institute (AFMI)
 Introduction
• The last few decades have seen a spectacular
development in the health and hospital
consciousness across Bangladesh.
• Essential hospital service required for the
community, can be met most economically only with
adequate thought given to planning, design,
construction and operation of health care facilities.
• A design expert says, ‘ we have got to design ‘smart’
hospitals that respond to present needs while
anticipating future changes’.
 Hospital Planning
• Planning is the forecasting and organizing the activities
required to achieve the desired goals.
• All successful hospitals, without exception are built on a
triad of good planning, good design & construction and
good administration.
• To be successful, a hospital requires a great deal of
preliminary study and planning.
• It must be designed to serve people.
• It must be staffed with competent and adequate number
of efficient doctors, nurses, and other professionals.
• A strong management essential for the daily functioning
of a facility; must be included in the plans of a new
hospital.
• Hospital building differs from other building types in
the complex functional relationship that exist
between the various parts of the hospital.
• Apart from providing right environment for patients
and care providers, it should also be sensitive to the
needs of visitors.
• It is thus imperative to examine the emerging issues,
analyze the challenges, appreciate the emerging
trends and study the various strategic options
available for planning, designing and construction of
a hospital.
 Planning involves six questions:

• What we expect to do?

• Why it will be done?
• Where will it be done?
• When we expect to do it?
• Who all are going to do it?
• How will it be done?
Emerging Issues
Strategic Essentials
Healing Architecture: Architecture and design can promote the
healing process by giving patients a psychological and physical
lift.

Intelligent Building: A building that integrates technology and

process to create a facility that is safer, more comfortable and
productive for its occupants, and more operationally efficient for
its owners. Advanced technology—combined with improved
processes for design, construction and operations—provide a
superior indoor environment that improves occupant comfort
and productivity while reducing energy consumption and
operations staffing.

"Go Green" is a widely used term that can mean something

different to everyone. Going green is simply taking steps to
"conserve energy, reduce pollution and save money."
Impacting Factors
 Hospital Designing

‘Form follows function’, is a principle associated with modernist

architecture and industrial design in the 20th century. The
principle is that the shape of a building or object should be
primarily based upon its intended function or purpose.
Principle of Hospital Planning
 Factors in Hospital Planning

• Community interest over individual interest.

• Preventive services over curative services.
• Services catering to the weaker sections of the
community.
• Rural over urban.
• Regionalized planning.
 Hospitals must meet two basic
fundamental needs

• Must meet the needs of the patients it is gong

to serve adequately
• It must be in size and proportion which the
owner or promoters will be able to build and
operate
 Guiding Principles for Hospital Planning

• High quality patient care

• Effective community orientation
• Economic viability
• Sound structural plan
Steps of Hospital Planning
Components of Hospital Planning
Feasibility Study
Data Collection
Feasibility Study
Need Assessment
Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
Project Planning and Implementation
Project Planning and Implementation
Project Planning and Implementation
Resource Allocation
Financial Planning

• Fixed Cost: Funds required for construction,

furnishing and equipping the hospital.
• Recurrent Cost (Operating Funds): Salaries,
loans, and interest, other maintenance
expenses.
Resource Allocation

Plan for revenue generation: Patients fees, bed-charges, and other

models of revenue generation process
Project Planning and Implementation
Land Acquisition
Project Planning and Implementation
Ancillary care refers to the wide range of healthcare services
provided to support the work of a primary physician. These
services can be classified into three categories: diagnostic,
therapeutic, and custodial. Diagnostic services include
laboratory tests, radiology, genetic testing, diagnostic imaging,
and more.

Support services are departments within our hospital which

carry out much of the “behind the scenes” work. The work
carried out by these support services ranges from providing
food to patients, to maintaining a clean and safe hospital,
security etc.
Construction Plan
Master Plan
Construction Plan
Space Requirement of Some Basic Deparment
Construction Plan
Project Planning and Implementation
Architect Brief
Project Planning and Implementation
Strategic Planning
Strategic Planning
 Commissioning
Building commissioning:
- The process of verifying, in new construction, all of the subsystems
for mechanical , plumbing, electrical, fire/life safety, building
envelopes, interior systems, co-generation, utility plants, sustainable
systems, lighting, wastewater, controls, and building security to
achieve the owner's project requirements as intended by the
building owner and as designed by the building architects and
engineers.

- Process by which an equipment, facility, or plant (which is installed,

or is complete or near completion) is tested to verify if it functions
according to its design objectives or specifications.
Commissioning
Shakedown Period
 Conclusion

• Technology requirement must be met.

• Clinical needs must be considered.
• Safety is a major factor.
• Standards and guidelines are essential.
• Importance of the role of Hospital Staffs in
construction and design must be considered.