Testing

Non-destructive testing
Destructive testing (DT) Semi-destructive testing
(NDT)

Ultrasonic test
Tensile test Eddy current test
Bend test Coring test Radiography test
Charpy test Tension test Visual test
Hardness test Carbonation test Magnetic particle test
Fatigue test Mortar test Penetrant test
Creep test IR thermography
Metallography Leak test
Chemical analysis, etc. Acoustic emission
Laser shearography

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 NDT
Definition
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is the testing of
material to detect internal and surface defects
or discontinuities using methods that do not
damage or destroy the material under test.

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 Engineering Materials
Materials

Metals Ceramics Polymers Composites

Ferrous Non-Ferrous

Steel Aluminum
Stainless steel Copper
Cast iron Zinc
Titanium
Tungsten
Nickel 3
 Material Discontinuities
Should identify the types of metal manufacturing and service discontinuities
(i.e. to know what causes the defects)

Defects

Inherent Processing Primary Processing Secondary

Service Defects
Defects Defects Processing Defects
The refining stage Metal ingots are Final stages of parts Occurs during the
where metals are worked into usable manufacturing use of the part
extracted from ores forms such as billets - Grinding cracks - Fatigue cracks
- Inclusions (Slag) or blooms by (thermal cracks) - Stress cracks
- Porosity (Blown wrought processing - Machining cracks - Corrosion
hole) or casting - Welding defects
- Pipe - Seams - Heat treat cracks
- Segregation - Laps (quenching
- Lamination cracks)
- Forging bursts
- Inclusions
- porosity
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 Where is NDT used?
• where we need to ensure the serviceability of
a specimen
• where we cannot afford the cost of a failure of
the specimen because failure would be
financially unacceptable or cause harm to us
• exist to prevent injury or death to the human
user of the tested item

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 Why we need NDT?
Generally, NDT is employed in various industries
for the following reasons;
i. To prevent accidents and save human lives
ii. To improve product reliability
iii. To give profit to the user by;
a. Ensuring customer satisfaction
b. Helping in better product design
c. Controlling manufacturing processes
d. Lowering manufacturing processes
e. Maintaining a uniform quality level
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 When is NDT used?
• NDT is used both before, during and after
construction
• Using NDT "before or during construction"
prevents a substandard material or part from
wasting time and increasing scrap production
• Using NDT after to monitor performance after
being service.

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 NDT METHODS
There are six major NDT methods ;
• Visual testing (VT)
• Radiography testing (RT)
• Ultrasonic testing (UT)
• Magnetic particles testing (MT)
• Liquid penetrant testing (PT)
• Eddy current testing (ET)

Eddy Current
Testing

NDT Visual
Testing