Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the

promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. ... Common

elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using
questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments,
especially for serious diseases such as cancer.

Nutrition quackery refers to fake practitioners and products and the

deceitful promotion of these products. Untrue or misleading claims
that are deliberately or fraudulently made for any product

constitute nutrition quackery

Quackery: Deliberate misrepresentation of the ability of a substance,

a device, or a person to prevent or treat disease.

Most of the major works for which Debussy is

 best known were written between the mid-1890s and the mid-1900s. They include the String Quartet (1893),
Pelléas et Mélisande (1893–1902),

(1893–1902), the Nocturnes for Orchestra (1899) and La mer (1903–1905).

Most of the major works for which Debussy is best known were written between the mid-1890s and the mid-1900s.
They include the String Quartet (1893), Pelléas et Mélisande (1893–1902),

(1893–1902), the Nocturnes for Orchestra (1899) and La mer (1903–1905).

Examples of his twelve-tone works include the Suite for Piano 1921, his String Quartet No.4, and the Fantasy for
Violin and Piano 1949. Schoenberg even included the twelve-tone method in his orchestral works such as his Violin
Concerto of 1935 and his Piano Concerto of 1942.

Karlheinz Stockhausen was a German composer of the 20th and the early 21st Century. He is remembered for his
'compositional series' and his analyticalcontributions to music theory. Stockhausen was born on August 22, 1928 in
Burg Modrath, which was then

Over the course of his career, Stravinsky called for a wide variety of orchestral, instrumental, and vocal forces,
ranging from single instruments in such works as Three Pieces for Clarinet (1918) or Elegy for Solo Viola (1944) to
the enormous orchestra of The Rite of Spring (1913), which Aaron Copland characterized as ...

Within these two creative decades, Bartók composed two concerti for piano and orchestra and
one for violin; the Cantata Profana (1930), his only large-scale choral work; theMusic for Strings,
Percussion, and Celesta (1936) and other orchestral works; and several important chamber
scores, including the Sonata for Two
 Sergey Prokofiev, in full Sergey Sergeyevich Prokofiev, (born April 23 [April 11, Old Style], 1891,
Sontsovka, Ukraine, Russian Empire—died March 5, 1953, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.), 20th-century
Russian (and Soviet) composer who wrote in a wide range of musical genres, including symphonies,
concerti, film music, operas, ballets, and program pieces.

His Concert champêtre for harpsichord (or piano) and orchestra (1928) was written at the suggestion of
harpsichordist Wanda Landowska. Like many of his keyboard works, it mingles the light, urbane character of
18th-century French keyboard music with 20th-century harmonies.

Gershwin managed in his short life to brew a musical mix of pop, blues, jazz and
classical music that yielded such masterpieces as the opera "Porgy and Bess" and "Rhapsody
in Blue." Raised by Jewish immigrant parents in New York City and primarily self-taught at the
piano he left school at ages 15.

Leonard Bernstein, (born August 25, 1918, Lawrence, Massachusetts, U.S.—died October 14, 1990, New York, New
York), American conductor, composer, and pianist noted for his accomplishments in both classical and popular music,
for his flamboyant conducting style, and for his pedagogic flair, especially in concerts for young people.
Bernstein played piano from age 10. He attended Boston Latin School; Harvard University (A.B., 1939), where he took
courses in music theory with Arthur Tillman Merritt and counterpoint with Walter Piston; the Curtis Institute of
Music, Philadelphia (1939–41), where he studied conducting with Fritz Reiner and orchestration with Randall
Thompson; and the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood, Massachusetts, where he studied conducting with Serge
Koussevitzky. In 1943 Bernstein was appointed assistant conductor of the New York Philharmonic; the first signal of his
forthcoming success came on November 14, 1943, when he was summoned unexpectedly to substitute for the

Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards. He has written numerous
operas and musical theatre works, twelve symphonies, eleven concertos, eight string quartets and various other
chamber music, and film scores. Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards.

Varèse's works include Hyperprism for wind instruments and percussion (1923); Ionisation for percussion, piano, and
two sirens (1931); and Density 21.5 for unaccompanied flute (1936). His Déserts (1954) employs tape-recorded
sound.

Cage was also a pioneer of the prepared piano (a piano with its sound altered by objects placed between or on its
strings or hammers), for which he wrote numerous dance-related works and a few concert pieces. The best known of
these is Sonatas and Interludes (1946–48).
 Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the
beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective,
distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.[1][2] Expressionist artists have
sought to express the meaning[3] of emotional experience rather than physical reality.[3][4]
Expressionism developed as an avant-garde style before the First World War. It remained popular during
the Weimar Republic,[1] particularly in Berlin. The style extended to a wide range of the arts,
including expressionist architecture, painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music.[5]
The term is sometimes suggestive of angst. In a historical sense, much older painters such as Matthias
Grünewald and El Greco are sometimes termed expressionist, though the term is applied mainly to 20th-
century works. The Expressionist emphasis on individual and subjective perspective has been characterized
as a reaction to positivism and other artistic styles such as Naturalism and Impressionism.[6]

Abstract art uses a visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of
independence from visual references in the world.[1] Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the
19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. The arts of
cultures other than the European had become accessible and showed alternative ways of describing visual experience to
the artist. By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the
fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy. The sources from which individual artists drew
their theoretical arguments were diverse, and reflected the social and intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western
culture at that time.[2]
Abstract art, non-figurative art, non-objective art, and non-representational art are closely related terms. They are similar,
but perhaps not of identical meaning.
Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This departure from accurate representation
can be slight, partial, or complete. Abstraction exists along a continuum. Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the
highest degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive. Artwork which
takes liberties, altering for instance color and form in ways that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract. Total abstraction bears no
trace of any reference to anything recognizable. In geometric abstraction, for instance, one is unlikely to find references to naturalistic
entities. Figurative art and total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive. But figurative and representational (or realistic) art often contains
partial abstraction.

Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized

European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture.
Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. [1][2] The term is
broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris (Montmartre, Montparnasse,
and Puteaux) during the 1910s and throughout the 1920s.

Futurism (Italian: Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the
early 20th century. It emphasised speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the
car, the airplane, and the industrial city.

Artes Mechanicae or mechanical arts, are a medieval concept of ordered practices or

skills, often juxtaposed to the traditional seven liberal arts Artes liberales. Also called
"servile" and "vulgar", from antiquity they had been deemed unbecoming for a free
man, as ministering to baser needs.