Automobile Engineering

Assignment

BY
Gowsik S,
2017111029.
BMW 1 SERIES:

CHASSIS TYPE:
Unibody construction
 This setup integrates the frame into the body construction so it’s a
single piece.
 The first attempt to develop such a design technique was on the
1922 Lancia Lambda to provide structural stiffness and a lower
body height for its torpedo car body
  Because it doesn’t rely on heavy steel rails like those of a body-on-
frame vehicle, unibody construction cuts significant weight out of
the vehicle, allowing for better fuel economy.
 It also offers better handling and ride comfort and is safer, since
the entire body can absorb the energy forces in a crash.
 Although this is sometimes also referred to as
a monocoque structure, because the car's outer skin and panels are
made load-bearing, there are still ribs, bulkheads and box sections
to reinforce the body, making the description semi-
monocoque more appropriate.
ADVANTAGES:
 A whopping amount of fuel is conserved because of the drastic
decrease in weight, thanks to this type of construction.
 The manufacturing costs are much lower than those of the
traditional ways of frames.
 This kind of a construction allows for better stability, lighter
weight and better handling characteristics for the vehicle.
DISADVANTAGES:
 Owing to newer and lighter materials being used, there is a minor
reduction in strength and durability for the vehicles.
 The economy would be possible only if the frameless construction
production can be carried out in mass.
The frameless construction isn’t a feasible option for a lot of vehicle
types—like roadsters, jeeps and commercial vehicles

SPECIFICATION:
Engine Type Diesel Engine

Displacement (cc) 1995

Max Power (bhp@rpm) 148bhp@4000rpm

Max Torque (nm@rpm) 320Nm@1500-3000rpm

No. of cylinder 4

Valves Per Cylinder 4

Valve Configuration DOHC

Fuel Supply System CRDi

Bore X Stroke 84 x 90 mm

Compression Ratio 16.5:1

Turbo Charger Yes

Super Charge No

Transmission Type Automatic

Gear Box 8 Speed

Drive Type RWD

 Fuel & Performance

Fuel Type Diesel

Mileage (ARAI) 23.26

Fuel Tank Capacity (Litres) 52

Emission Norm Compliance Euro V

Top Speed (Kmph) 212

Key Features of BMW 1 Series

Power Steering

Power Windows Front

Anti-Lock Braking System

Air Conditioner

Driver Airbag

Passenger Airbag
Automatic Climate Control

Fog Lights - Front

Alloy Wheels

BODY TYPE:
 3-door hatchback (E81 model code)
 5-door hatchback (E87 model code)
 2-door coupe (E82 model code)
 2-door convertible (E88 model code)
Hatchback
A hatchback is a two box design configuration with a
rear door that swings upward to provide access to a
cargo area. It is three or five door car and accomplish
fold-down second row seating, where the interior can
be flexibly reconfigured to prioritize passenger vs.
cargo volume

ADVANTAGES:
Lower cost of purchase
Ease of driveability and parking
Best suited for city running

COUPE:
A coupe is generally thought of as a closed-body style,
2-door car, often sporty in nature. A coupe generally
has either 2 seats, or 4 seats placed in a 2+2
configuration

ADVANTAGES:
advantages of coupes are shorter wheelbases that offer
better overall performance. Coupes can turn quickly
and in smaller spaces, making them better cars for city
traffic. A coupe can also stop and accelerate faster than
a sedan because it weighs less.

CONVERTIBLE:
cars with retractable or removable top are special by
nature .
ADVANTAGES:

Feeling of freedom: Spring Air

DISADVANTAGES:
Places limited in number and size
Small Space in the Trunk
Pollution and Allergies: direct contact
ENGINE TYPE:
ENGINE TYPE: 4 stroke- Diesel Engine
A straight 4 engine, is a reciprocating piston
ICengine with 4 cylinders arranged in a straight line or
plane, side by side.
Construction:
An inline three-cylinder engine is essentially a straight
six engine lopped in half. Normally in a straight six, the
two outer cylinders reach top dead Centre (TDC) in
unison, with the other four cylinders reaching specific
angles of rotation to balance the primary forces,
secondary forces and rotational torque of the engine
nicely. In a three-pot, piston one (the front piston)
reaches TDC while the other two are 120 degrees away
from either TDC or bottom dead Centre (BDC).
PROS:
 In terms of performance, one less cylinder than a
standard inline-four engine makes for a decrease in
frictional losses from the moving components
 With lower-spec models in car line-ups often leaning
towards three-cylinder powertrains, it’s probable that
many ‘first cars’ bought from new will feature these
small engines, depending on how the expected move
away from downsizing in the industry pans out.
CONS:
 The torque imbalance (shared with inline-five
engines) makes for a rattling powertrain as the
 engine tries to rock from end-to-end, even when
balanced as much as physically possible
 Also, due to the fact that ignition occurs every 240
degrees, the crankshaft journals are spaced 120
degrees apart. This means that there will be a
significant proportion of crankshaft rotation (60
degrees) when no power stroke is occurring.
 The rough-running engine behavior will be
emphasized at lower engine speeds especially, due to
the lack of power strokes occurring.

EMISSION NORMS:
Common pollutants include unburned hydrocarbons
(HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx)
or particulate matter (PM).
AFTER TREATMENT SYSTEM: Diesel particulate
filter system (DPF)

The primary components of a vehicle’s after treatment

system are the diesel particulate filter system (DPF),
which reduces particulates, and the selective catalytic
reduction system (SCR), which reduces nitrogen oxide
(NOx).

The DPF system consists of the following:

 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) – The DOC

reduces particulate matter and oxidizes carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons.
 DPF – This filter is designed to remove more
than 90 percent of particulates out of the
 exhaust, according to Raymond Parrish, Service
Engineer at Cummins.

Cummins designs, distributes and services diesel and

natural gas engines and related technologies,
including fuel system, controls, air handling,
filtration, emission solutions and electrical power
generation systems.

Sensors:
 Accelerator Pedal Sensor.
 Air Charge Temperature Sensor.
 Camshaft Position Sensor.
 Coolant Temperature Sensor. And many more sensors…