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Improvement On Macau Resort
Improvement On Macau Resort
Improvement On Macau Resort
Improvements Keep
Macau Resort Efficient
The Sands Resorts Cotai Strip in Macau includes three resort
properties that have more than 21 million ft2 (2 million m2)
of conditioned floor space, presenting a unique challenge for
sustainability and minimizing environmental impact.
BY SYED MUBARAK ABDUL RAZAAK, MEMBER ASHRAE; PAUL MIKII ABUEL, MEMBER ASHRAE
Bio
FIGURE 1 Sands China Ltd. (Sands Resorts Cotai Strip Macau).
4This
4 article
A Swas
H R Apublished
E J O U RinNASHRAE
A L a s hJournal,
r a e . o r gNovember
N O V E M2018.
B E R 2Copyright
0 18 2018 ASHRAE. Posted at www.ashrae.org. This article may not be copied and/or distributed
electronically or in paper form without permission of ASHRAE. For more information about ASHRAE Journal, visit www.ashrae.org.
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2018 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
and exhibition areas; the goal was 100% LED use for TABLE 2 Lighting conversion done.
property operations. The property has achieved 92%
of its goal and with on-going projects will eventually Conventional Energy Saving
Areas Lights Lights
achieve 100%. We established sustainability criteria
Conv/Halogen LED
for light fixtures to ease the entire process of change. Casino (40 W/28 W) (9.5 W/12 W)
Replacement of over a million light bulbs across the
Halogen LED
SCL facilities helped in reducing 21 million kWh of Hotel (35~50 W) (8 W)
energy and 21,737 MTCO2e carbon emission reductions Fluorescent Tube LED Tube
Back of House
every year. The average energy reduction achieved (49 W) (20 W)
from LED is at the minimum of 60% to the maximum Front of House Halogen Lights LED
(75~100 W) (9.5 W~20 W)
of 90% compared with conventional light bulbs.
properties meet with IAQ standards, three major strate-
Building Energy Performance (EUI) gies were used:
EEMs implemented since 2013 have contributed to 1. Use MERV 8 filters, when rated, in accordance with
significant energy reduction. According to the actual ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-2017, Method of Testing Gen-
energy consumption (Figure 6), about 91,600,000 kWh of eral Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by
electric energy were saved comparing 2016 consumption Particle Size, on all air handlers’ return side.
with 2013 baseline despite increased occupancy rate, 2. Identify the locations where areas need to be nega-
visitation rate and additional energy needs for tenants tive vs. areas that should be positively pressurized in
and other business operations. EUI has improved by 14% accordance to minimum exhaust, Standard 62.1-2013,
in the past four years from 317.1 kWh/m² (2013) to 273.2 Table 6.5.
kWh/m² (2016). 3. CO2 sensors were installed in public areas and pri-
vate rooms, to monitor and adjusts ventilation levels to
Indoor Air Quality less than 1,000 ppm according to Standard 62.1-2013.
SCL is bounded to comply with both Macau IAQ
standards2 and the World Health Organization (WHO) Comfort
for PM2.5 limits on all indoor areas. Table 3 shows the In accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010,
average actual parameters and limits. To ensure the Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy,
2013: EUI
65,000,000 317.1 kWh/m2
2014: EUI
309.4 kWh/m2
2015: EUI 2016: EUI
kWh Energy Consumption
45,000,000
35,000,000
25,000,000
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016
kWh Savings: 2016 vs. 2013 Baseline
Lighting EEM (59 Projects) 21,150,400 kWh
HVAC & RCx EEM (6 Projects) 41,102,042 kWh HVAC and Building Load
Chiller EEM 18,000,000 kWh Gas Use
CHW Pump EEM 5,000,000 kWh Chiller Plant
CDW Pump EEM 2,500,000 kWh 12 Month Rolling Average
CT EEM 4,100,000 kWh
FIGURE 6 Actual site monthly energy use (kWh) and EEM savings.
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2018 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
Figure 5.2.1.1, Sands China properties’ operative tem- TABLE 3 Macau IAQ requirement and average monthly results.
peratures are within the range of 22°C (72°F) for heating
Average Max Limit of
and 24°C (75°C) for cooling setpoints, while humidity Parameter Monthly Reading Concentration
is maintained within 55 to 65% RH within the course 10 mg/m²
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.17 mg/m²
of the year. This was made possible by implementing (8 hr Mean)
the HVAC systems optimization control strategies men- 1,000 ppm
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 567.8 ppm (24 hr Mean)
tioned under energy efficiency. Daily average “hot and
Particulate Matter 10 0.5 mg/m²
cold” calls dropped from 50 to 24 calls (or lower) after (PM10) 0.03 mg/m² (24 hr Mean)
implementation. Particulate Matter 2.5 0.075 mg/m²
0.02 mg/m²
(PM2.5) (24 hr Mean)
Operation and Maintenance Benzo(a)pyrene C20H12 <0.00006 μg/m² 0.00012 μg/m²
The properties spend approximately 70,000 man- (24 hr Mean)
hours on planned maintenance of HVAC equipment Total Volatile Organic 0.6 mg/m²
0.06 mg/m²
Compound (TVOC) (8 hr Mean)
annually, which is about $875,000 spent on labor. With
strategies such as remote monitoring, recommissioning •• Eddy current analysis on chiller tubes;
(RCx), field diagnostic tools, predictive maintenance, •• Oil analysis to study the wear and tear inside com-
and asset management software, the in-house team was pressors and engines; and
able to reduce the annual spent man-hours to 50,000 •• Refrigerant analysis.
for planned maintenance. Costly equipment repairs were avoided using these
Predictive Maintenance: Predictive measures used: strategies, e.g., by using the oil and vibration analysis,
•• Vibration analysis; only two of the 66 centrifugal compressors required an
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2018 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
such as compressor TABLE 4 EEM projects: investment, ROI and carbon abatement.
efficiency, heat rejec-
Annualized Payback Energy Carbon
tion rates and ratio, EEM Number of Investment Savings In Years Savings Abatement
Project Type Projects ($)
and cycle efficiencies. ($) (ROI) kWh MTCO2e
With the results of said Lighting Efficiency 59 7,930,878 2,908,180 2.72 21,150,400 21,737
Improvement
system, all Venetian
and Sands Cotai chillers HVAC Demand
Ventilation and 6 15,315,000 5,651,530 2.88 41,102,042 42,242
have installed the tech- Recommissioning
nology and were tar- Chiller Plant 5 6,250,000 4,037,157 1.54 29,361,145 30,175
geted for commission in Optimization
September 2017. Electricity tariff at 0.1375 $/kWh; MOP to US$ conversion rate at 8 MOP/US$
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