SEMI FINALS – SCIENCE
shape, or without changing the composition.
PARTICLES  smaller substances that also make up
matter.
ATOM  it is the smallest particle of an object.
MOLECULES  these are formed when atoms combine.
3 PHASES OF MATTER:
1. SOLID
 It has a definite shape and size. The solid
molecules are tightly packed together, even if the
molecules vibrate, they lack the energy to move
from their positions.
2. LIQUID
 Their molecules are farther apart from one
another. It takes the shape of the container, it has
a definite volume.
3. GAS
 it does not have a definite shape and volume.
Gas molecules are more distant from each other
than those of liquid molecules. The large spaces
between its molecules allow them to freely move.
6 PROPERTIES OF MATTER:
1. ABSORPTION
 Happens when the molecules of a liquid and a
solid are attracted to one another. Not all solids
have the ability to absorb. If the molecules of a
solid are too rigid and compact, there are no
spaces for liquid to be absorbed.
2. FLOATING
 it means staying on the surface of the water.
3. SINKING
 Means falling at the bottom of the water.
4. DENSITY
 is the property of matter that allows materials to
either float or sink. It refers to how loosely or tightly
packed matter is.
 a solid will float on water if its density is less
than or equal to the density of water. If the object is
denser than water, it will sink.
5. DISPLACEMENT
 is the amount of density pushed out when an
object is submerged into it.
6. VISCOSITY
 It is the property of liquids being able to resist
flow. Some liquids flow easily, and some do not. A
liquid with greater viscosity will flow slower than a
liquid with a lower viscosity.
PHYSICAL CHANGE  is the change of matter in size,
CHEMICAL CHANGE  is the change of matter that
forms a new substance.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS  another term for chemical
changes.
DECAYING / DECOMPOSING  is a natural process of
breaking down materials.
PHASE CHANGES OF MATTER:
1. MELTING
 is the change from solid to liquid.
2. FREEZING
 is the reverse of melting, liquid to solid. It is
always accompanied by the removal of heat.
3. EVAPORATION
 is the change from liquid to gas. When water
reaches 100oC, it starts to boil, and then the water
molecules on the surface slowly evaporate into
water vapor. In plants, this is called Transpiration.
4. CONDENSATION
 is the change from gas to liquid. It happens
when heat is removed.
5. SUBLIMATION
 is the phase change from solid to gas without
passing the liquid phase.
6. DEPOSITION
 it is the reverse process of sublimation, gas to
solid without passing the liquid phase.
7. PERMAFROST
 is a layer of frozen soil. A layer of soil gets
frozen because of the low temperature of the
surroundings. It can severely affect important
crops.
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE  you cannot see the
combined materials anymore because they are uniformly
spread throughout the mixture.
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE  you can still see or
identify the components.
SOLID TO SOLID MIXTURES  when these are mixed
with each other, the characteristics (colors, sizes, and
shapes) of the components remain the same. But a solid
mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
ALLOY  are two solid metals that are melted and mixed.
SOLUBLE  a solid is soluble if it can be dissolved in a
liquid. (Ex: Salt)
INSOLUBLE  a solid is insoluble if it cannot be dissolved
in a liquid. (Ex: Sand)

SOLUTION = Solute + Solvent