Song viét Id gi? Vai ludn ctr nhé cho mét van dé van ton nghi Trong mét bai bdo rat hay cia GS. Nguyén Tai Can méi dang trén Tap chi Ng6n ngir sé 1 (164) 2003, ta thay tac gid dat lai van dé cch doc va cach hiéu hai chit song viét trong Quée dm thitdp cha Nguyén Trai (va trong mét sé van ban khac). Ciing nhw @ tat ca nhing gicé mang dau 4n ciia vi gido sw dan anh nay, nguéi doc déu tim thay mét thai 46 thie sw c&u thi chan chinh, mét phuong phép lam viéc vuon téi sw chinh xdc t6i da, mét su nhat quan tuyét 46i trong cdch suy nghi, va riéng trong bai nay, lai th4y ré thém mét tinh kién tri khéng suy giam qua théi gian trong viéc bao vé mét gid thuyét khoa hoc ma chura tig cé mét luan et nao bac bé direc mot cach tron ven. Nhan doc bai bao nay, ching t6i thay 44 dén hic thir so két lai nhiing gi 44 lam duoc va nhing gi con tén nghi trong qué trinh giai quyét van d@ ni trén. Ching ti chi xin nhac lai nhimg diém mau chét ma théi. 1. Vé chir song Nam 1962, GS. Dao Duy Anh: @a ching minh mét cach khéng thé bac bé dug rang chi nay khéng phai 1a chi¥ song ‘civa s6’. Theo cu, 46 chinh 1A nhimg chi né (bdc), sém (t6i). thong (thd), bi chép sai (do an I6n nhirng chit cé mét s6 nét gan giéng nhau) ma thanh. Cai phan thir hai nay trong ¥ kién cla cu Dao dugc mét sé hoc gia d4nh gid mét cach hoan toan cé can cw 1a khong dit strc thuyét phuc. Nam 1974, GS. Nguyén Tai Can, cin cir trén nhimg luan chimg thuéc ngit 4m hoc lich str, chtmg minh rang song trong song viét cé thé doc 14 “réng”, cho nén trong té hep nay, ta cé “réng vat": . Néu hiéu réng nhw trong chay réng, thd réng (con cé bién thé 1a rong nh trong rong choi, rong ruéi)=va hiéu vét nhw trong hai thuat ngtr cay va vdt (hay bdt) cha nghé lai thuyén, thi t6 hop nay cé thé cé nghia 14 “xudi ngwoc’, “lang thang day dé”, “ty do”. “phéng ting’, “nhan ha”. Cong trinh nay 44 ching minh duc mét céch hoan toan chde chan rang chit song c6 thé doc la “song”, Ia “rong”, la “réng”, la “kh(r)oong”, hay la “khoong” néu khéng ké nhirng thanh diéu khdc nhau ma tir nay cé thé cé doc, va tir dé cé thé goi ra nhiéu hwéng 4é di tim nghia cho hai chit song viét, trong dé cai hwéng do chinh éng dé nghi (Créng vat") cd strc hap adn hon han mét s6 nhimng huéng khdc ma ngwdi nghién ctu aa timg trong tong ra duacos 2. Vé chit viét, trwéc day cdc tac gia cfing ting phan van khong ré day 1A chik viét hay la chit nhdt, hay 14 mét chit nao khac bi doc nham. Nhung dan dan, hinh nhy moi nguéi déu nbét tri thira nhan dé chin Ia chit viét, va da ldu khéng thay ai tré lai voi van d& nay nira. Trén nhig co s& ngir 4m hoc lich stk, chir nay cé thé doc lA “vat” (hay “bat”), Trong céng trinh 1974, GS. Nguyén TAi Can, cn ctr vao cdc tir dign cil, chon céch doc “vat”.Nam 1987, P. Schneiders: trong mét cudn sach viét vé Quéc dm thi tap, can civ vao cai nghia ma 6ng suy ra tir nhimg cau tho cé ding hai chit song viét, nhac lai mét gia thuyét ma Ong da ting trinh bay trong mét sé an ban khac, rc dodn rang hai chi¥ nay cd nghia 1a “bang khéan" (titres de propriété), “di san” (heritage, patrimoine), “kho tang” (trésor), “céng lao” (travail), hay “né béc” (serviteur), trong 46 cai nghia “quyén sé hiru” hay “tai san” hinh nhw chiém vi tri trung tam. Céing nam 1987, ba Tran Xuan Ngoc Lan phat hién doe mét van ban song ngir (Ném- Han), cuén Pht thuyét dai bdo phu mau dn trong kinh trong dé hai chiy Ném song viét twong tng véi hai chir Han tw nghiép. Sau khi duc xem van ban nay, diém qua nhivng van canh thire cita hai chié song viét va thir thay hai chit nay bang nhifng ngif doan danh tir nh san nghiép, ciia cdi, hay tdi sdn, réi bang nhiing ngit doan vi tir nhw lang thang, ngwec xudi hay nhén ha, rong cho#, tdi nhan thay hai chir nay chi cé thé lA mét ngi doan danh tir: Cai két luan nay cé vé nhu xdc nhn cach hiéu ciia Schneider. Nam 2003, trong bai Lai ban thém v8 hai chi? song viét (NN s6 1). GS. Nguyén Tai Can te phé binh nghiém khac vé céi ma 6ng goi la "“mét sai sét lon” cha minh khi viét bai bao 1974, 14 cir dinh ninh (mét cach tién nghiém) rang song viét chi cé mét cach doc 1a réng vdt ma théi, trong khi hai chit nay rat cé thé cé wai ba céch doc khdc nhau véi vai ba nghia khdc nhau, trong 46 cé nghia “rong choi” va nghia “tai san” (cé thé goi mét cach wc dinh 6 1A hai cach hiéu “cia Nguyén Tai Cdn” va “ciia P. Schneider”) Trong bai nay, sau khi nhan manh vao kha nang da nghia ctia hai chi¥ song viét, va thira nhan rang trong nhiéu van canh, cach hiéu “tai san” nghe ra cé thé thuan hon cach hiéu “rong choi”s:, Nguyén Tai Can lwu y ngwéi doc én cdi khung tam ly chung cha nhimng bai tho trong Quéc dm thi tép, Hing Dic thi tap, Bach Van thi tép clmg mét s6 bai khdc ma ta cd thé dodn 1a cing théi hay gan cing théi, va néu ré rang cdi thi tt lam nén cai khung ay chinh la chr NH AN trong dui cac céch thé hién cia né bang ng6n tir tiéng Vit. Didu nay, theo ching téi, IA hoan toan dting, va hon niva, hét strc quan trong trong viée thau hiéu cdi thin cila Quéc dm thi tdp cling nhw cia céc tac phdm cing thdi. Nguyén Tai Can dae biét nhan manh rang: u thita dé c6 lap 2 lan két cau X+¥ (tie Song+ Viét - CXH) trong bén bai NGU, TIEU, CANH, MUC [...] ndi lén niém tr hao cua 4.nhdn vat dy : X+¥ ai bang X+¥ ngw ; X+¥ ai bang X+Y tigu: X+¥ ai bang X+Y canh; X+Y ai baing X+¥ muc.Nhung [..}cu thé id tw hao v8 cdi gi? Cae loai tai sén nhw “thuyén chai, edy, cuéc, biia, riu, ndn, nan. ré triic...tréc nay déu cé dwrac cde cu xwa xép vdeo loai cita qui ngang hang nh bén thi [...]"véin phong tiv biru”, néi gi dén chuyén cde cu tu ho!” Hoan toan ding nhv thé, néu néi chung vé “cdc cu xtra” (cdc nho si théi 4y) trong hoan. canh binh thwéng va ciing cé thé 14 ngay ca trong edch cam nghi hang ngay cia ho. Nhwng it nhat Ia trong sinh hoat tinh than, va nhat la trong séng tac thi ca, nei ma nhirng suy nghi i vat chat nhuéng chd cho nhimg cam xtic cao dep hon, ngay cd thue dung vé quyén nhitng nho si dang git nhimg chirc vu cao va huéng mét cudc séng gidu sang nhat cing huéng vé cai ly twong awe chtra dung trong chi¥ Nhan va duoc hinh tong héa trong nép séng cua Ngu Tiéu Canh Muc, nhv ta cé thé thay trong Héng Dirc thi tap von gdm nhitng bai do chinh nha vua va cac dai than trvéc tac. Cé thé dé chi la mét tam ly théi throng, va trong nhitng tac gia clia Hong Duc thi tap cd thé cé nhi¢ng ngwéi khéng thanh thyc chtit n3o khi ca nggi nhirng cai tht: ma ho goi la song viét ciia dam Ngw Tiéu Canh Muc. Nhung riéng tac gid cua Quéc dm thi tdp, va ca tac gid cia Bach vén thi tép nira trong hoan canh cu thé cita hai ng, thi at phai hiéu the cia ho dting nghia nguyén van, nhw 1a 161 tuyén bé hién ngén, qua quyét vA hoan toan thanh thy vé niém ty hao 1én lao véi nhimg song viét cia ho, bat chap nhimg thir ay c6 téi tan dén dau. Vi trong canh dn dat sau khi tre ‘vé véi noi ma canh “dién vién trong vu” dang mong dgi ho, chinh nhiing thi dé tro thanh, bigu trung cia mét cdnh séng hoan tan ty do va hét strc thd vi. Vi chinh né dem lai cho ho nhing niém vui thi ma toan bé vinh hoa phit quy (va ca “van phong ti btu nia”) clia thé Jam quan khéng thé dem lai dwec. Trong phan lén cdc cau tho 6 ding song viét, ta déu thay c6 hai phan: phan thir nhat khang dinh gid tri v6 song cia (cdc) song viét, phan thir hai gidi thich cai gid tri dy bang cach néi ré cai song viét Ay dem lai cdi gi hay di kém theo cai gi. Di nhién trong nhirng cu tho nhw thé khéng phi khéng cé sc thai “trao léng”, nh chinh tac gid bai bdo cé viét (tr.8), Nhung cdi trao léng nay lai dwa trén mét nghich ly (paradoxe) ma cdc cu d& rat quen ding véi dung ¥ cot dé nguai doc hiéu theo nghia den, nghia nguyén van. © doan nay cia bai bdo, GS. Nguyén Tai Can cén thay rang trong may cau Nghénh ngang dam liéu mét con riu Song viét néo hon song viét tiéu,Mét gécyén hd la cia cdi, Vai hang théng tric diém dam chiéu. (ta) cing thy ré X+¥ & cau 2 khéng phai la két cu X2+Y2 (tie Song + ‘Viét — CXH) véi ¥ nghia “tdi sdn, von liéng, cia cdi”, boi vi lé néo nha the lai viét “etia cai - ctia edi - ca cai”, néi dung tring lap ba lan lién tiép nhue thé!” @ day cing nhw 6 vai ché khac trong bai bdo, hinh nhw GS. Nguyén Tai Can trong giay Jat so quén rang ching ta dang ban dén cdch doc va hiéu hai chi song viét chi khéng phai tim c4ch dién hai ché tréng bat ky, va sé di nhu vay mét phan 1a do tha phap thay thé song viét bang “X1+ Y1" va “X2+¥2 “— hai té hop hoan toan khéng cé nghia, chir nhwr hai cau the vira dan trén day ma viét ching nhw trong nguyén van (git nguyén hai chi song viét hay thay né bang mét ngir doan déng nghia véi cia cdi), thi cfing khéng thé cé an trong “tring lap" duoc. Chang han, néu thay song viét bang sdn nghiép, ta sé. c6 San nghiép ndo hon sdn nghiép tiéu, Métgécyén hd lé ciia cdivv ‘Va lai, dit cd ding chinh hai chi¥ ctia cai cho X+Y chang niva (nghia 14 viét: Nghénh ngang dam liéu mét con riu Cud edi ndo hon cia cdi tiéu, Métgécyén hd Id cia cdi, Vai hang théng tric diém dam chiéu) thi cau tho van tuyét nhién khong cé gi dang ché tréch, va tham chi hiéu qua chané con manh hon nita. Day khéng nhitng khéng phai 14 mét “ldi tring lap” cla hoc sinh c4p hai, ma con 1a nhéng bién phdp tu te (figures de rhétorique) kha théng dung trong van hoc cé aién. Déng Tay, goi la épanalepse va épanaphore (déu 1A nhieng “phép tring lap cé ¥"- répétitions voulues). May c4u tho trén day hoan toan chap nhan duoc, va cé thé dee dién dat lai nhu sau: “Ta di nghénh ngang trén dam liéu, trong tay lam lam mét con riu, cita cai qui bau nhat cia ta. Nhung ctia cai ta khéng phai chi cé thé: cdi yén ha réng lén kia cing chinh 1a cua cai ta”. Trong bai bao 2003, GS. Nguyén cé néu lai mét nhwoc diém cita cdc gia thuyét chap nhan cach dgc song viét “dting nh 4m m3t chi¥’, “1a mét sy két hgp vén chwa timg dugc ghi vao tir dién va nhat la chwa cé duoc mét sv giai thich aii strc thuyét phuc vé mat nguon, gOc vo ngir Am cua né” (bad. tr. 2).Qua nhién dé ating 1A mét nhwec diém rat quan trong, ma chic rat nhiéu ngwéi da ting Jay lam la, vi s6 lan xuat hién trong ctia song viét trén cdc van ban khéng phai Ia ft. Cé thé tre doan rang khi bat dau xuat hién nhirng cuén ty dién dau tién, hai chi nay da khéng con duoc ding nia. Nhung chang 1é ning nguéi lam tir dién & cdc thé kysau khéng doc nhing tée gid lén dén nhw Nguyén Trai va Nguyén Binh Khiém? 96 1A mét sv kién khé hiéu ma cde hoc gia cua twong lai can giai thich Ching téi cé viét thy héi GS. Nguyén Tai Can, va di nhan duoc thu tra 1éi cho biét rang trong hai cuén tir dién cia Huinh Tinh Cia (1895 va 1896) cé ghi hai chit réng vat ma éng tig dé nghi nam 1974 nhw IA cach doc cita hai chi¥ song viét, voi nhing bién thé 1a rong vat, déng vat, réng vac, giong va'c, gom cé chit réng (hay rong, hay réng), 6 nghia Ia “lon qua”, “Ién, @3y” (néi vé gid hay nuéc). Két hop véi vdt (hay vdc), né cho hai chi¥ réng vét (wéi cac bién thé nhw trén). Réng vat (hay di réng vat, hay di réng réi) cé nghia 1a “ai cho nay ché kia, khéng yén mét ché, di khAp nev’ én cua hai chi nay trong tir dién lam cho né cé mét wu thé ré rét so véi hai chit song viét ma P. Schneider va Phu mdu dn trong kinh giai nghia 1A “tai san” hay “ur nghiép”. Tuy nhién, van con mét tré ngai cho viéc két luan dit khdat thién vé phia réng vat véi nghia “phiéu lang”, “rong choi”, “xuéi ngugc”: trong Q.AT.T-T ta con thay cé chir bét uat hién hai [in vi mét nghia khagin véi vdt. Chang han trong cau Chéo lan nhan bat thud té durong (Trin tinh, bai VI) Chir bdt nay dwoe cu Tran Van Gidp va éng P. Schneider giai nghia 1A “lai thuyén vé phia tay phai”. Cu Bao Duy Anh cling cé phan tich hai chit bé bdt - cing néi lA “bé bét” hay “cay bat” - “lai thuyén sang trai va sang phai"=. Trong cuén tir dién thir nhat cla Huinh Tinh Cita (1895) ciing cé chit bat nay (viét dit nét:) voi nghia twong tu: “thong néi vé sw chéo ghe: khién di lén tay mat thi goi la bat’. Thanh thi cé thé ng@ rang hai chit bdt (trong cay bdt) va vét (trong réng vat cha Nguyén Tai Can - néu té hop nay cé xuat hién trong van canh ca song viét) chi 1a hai bién thé cia mét ti , thdm chf trong cdch phat 4m & théi Nguyén Trai cfing cé thé hoan toan tring véi nhau. Thé nhwng né lai duoc ghi bing hai chir ném hoan toan khée nhau. Néu (sau nay) méi ngé wire ay td ra cé cain ctr, thi tir viét duoc ghi bang chit e khéng phai JA tir bdt /vdt dwoc ghi bang chit.Cho nén thai dé than trong cia GS. Nguyén Ti Cdn, chai truong chap nhan nhiéu kha nang doc 4m va giai nghia nhw vay 1a hoan toan dting. ing trén tinh than Ay, cluing t6i xin th lam lai mét In nita cdch tréc nghiém bang van canh ma cu Dao Duy Anh, éng Schneider va ca chiing téi niva cling a4 diing, ké hét nhimg kha nang doc va hiéu ra dé ngwéi doc c6 thé so sanh va can nhac, chi cé diéu la, a€ “cach doc” tiéu biéu dé ét kiém ché, ching téi chi lay mot ai dién cho dam bay cach doc twong déi gan nhau, C@ méi cau trong nguyén ban ching téi trinh bay thanh s4u cau khaec nhau: 1a. theo cach doc “song viét”, 1b. hiéu theo nghia “tu nghiép’== 1. hiéu theo nghia “tai san"= 2.a.theo cach doc “rang vat" 2b, hiéu theo nghia “choi nhéi"= 2 c.hiéu theo nghia “co cc” (hay “xuéi nguec”)oa ‘Nguyen Tel Quite imth tip ‘Bac mai vangeic ‘tant Loa Cemchugh in ttf . ee te | ttvdliphiemnteetid, a: ihcenctecd mtdnphpegt at Amati dos, wal Le. Comectaé u cha bié m tai im mgt, ut 2a, Rang vat lai team mio cia tich, anCachiecttmdng ag, Nechaeiyimeniociute, 2. Conetaé v cha him chet aby? net, Co ‘2c, C# eve Ipi toanni ciia tich, ‘at 2a Cech tn de ct * Sta Bulagstnfpeda Dinah 2. Ja. Concha ma hiém [Nghindé w cam quit lonnray tin aim song viet no Lanahnsadieity alka tb. at ‘én séch obiin Ldn tufmghlp at Memeatempshtnwigley sta, a eminem kincmatic, te cats enstebodnim bea ——————— “ a, at Ben cick nbin lim chet obdi al hcwmehivmplfmeld tee, at 3 Damiana 2c, Com chi u mua bid med cake tif at. = =“ ino so sme dincacivay | Sage sai cnn 1 pie nich cb, ‘steam thos: sais tee cinapiies ‘Ih, Tet nghigp hing 1é phi esich of a Ab Tunghidp < nbifu dined ths, a ls, Tai sn Rng I pie’ schoo re 1c. THisin 06 uhigudin06 406, me 2a, Réngat Ming id phign sf cha, at 2a, Réng vd o6 hid dita.cé kas, 2b, Chel mbdi ining ié phid’n sichsi, at- LbChelt hd of nbdéu dain od kebs at 2 Chevebing peace, Fi re XalinnecSbia neh, aeota. Sous viet bode Nigel tus Stan nde ch, a cba tant 1b, Teaghigp nding cbs nonn c, oe 1c, Tats big connec, =a 2a, Ring vt eg cisoe auc, ay 28, Che ab ogc ton ms a Be, Xai np ange nw ld ate Soap bo mae Sipe 5 ts Tieghlp tee ea bali “Tei inbaosien me bfvanien sag vitbeo udu mge Miyake Sua abit itu mgs batieu 2, sm Xing to abide me by ahiew ‘Troug News Tai tobn ip can bitncd tices 12d pout shits ist manish temp hep ini ala cy Dio Dany Hong Dee Que ammutay 91s, Neon ne Bobs eeu Bf tm sang ie, ‘aay acta 1h. Nem shone She tease, te.Nomuhé ainsi im i fn, a 2a, Nim sig Lis Lim inet, 2, Nem egy Mich ab, =a 2e. Nom shag Him wo me, -a- 1 ta.Neehi wna vet Bangdaitasied aay tates, these din 1h Navid faghien pay 0 i, a te. Np#hB abi de nnd W083 a 2a, Neha tag wit wey 90, at 2, Nig cna ng no, ae 2e. Nt wont nay wo 3, ae ita, Neo daar Sear et ‘wothinhiner ‘tng sou vii nn mat “Terma sin nenotiéy tat ‘Tl dsl agibiels ot ‘Rong vital bdagebag wat aha (Co wb Ri hk Be ange ag apt n Soar wétai tae soe vili ide th =n. pain waabien i ae a -nt Reng réca bine ne di 2 -m (Ch a sing cain i 2c, ___ == _Nadi nti nub Ba Ngreaymgeease ‘Song waka Sin hn d8 die zag vigt eh rs ai-Tungiéy af bing tas pcan ke, e "Tal dual btng ih incon a a Réng rat al bug rong wit can a, mi Cha th a hing ch lca as nh Xn ape aap ease oa Lila, Néomenat Seng vigt aba 6 pm dine Boe sang widt me =a ‘Titughigpat Bing wip mn -m Tei sSesibag tiem 2 om Rong vstal bd ag r6eg vat ome Chal abl al Wg che Bd 2 cmt KSlamide ai Ning was item 15.12, Phone guest ahid Khang au vay: sone vit atngch ai InPhospesmpeitahidenenshigpal, at 1, Phong gry stata ti at 21, Poong agunt tablé eg v0, oo 16a, Bouma son Sieben gangs) vite bayéachal, ‘inganeraai 1b D6 mba wtughigpmgt touyénetal, — -t- Ac Bémia tii sinméttharénchdi, at 2a.BSamaaséagusiméertayéa atl, at 2>.Bdnmbacht ada msrtiuneackal, at 2e,Rdamia xabiogtjemgtibepenckdi, at ‘Bach Vin Quse ten th tap (Nounéa Binh Kim) 17 -1a. Song te Dé déutat ching az 18, ag 04 mua phone | Ab Titnghlgp cbt ag, 1 4 Tai sinc vs 3 35, 24, Rag i ch ing 2 4, 2b, Che nbc ring da hd Be Mibingeiechd lag a Bé, 18, ta Rogen 46008 Naa ing Ba) so cong vii, sn dates, Ab Kistch Ada dicing nde w/oshien, a Ae Khichdéuhdisingie at sia, at 2. Khich A@ubsi lag mio roan il, a hash dai shag ae chet abe, a 2e,KhGeb an bl vag nd xu nee, atBh Smavethir ea “Tovigiactbag bee bal rene ai, sgecan le 1h Tenge conta sFnaaat _ fic Tals haze Nal roi, a 2a, Ring wth cou Bal neg, at: 2b. Cla aR Mey sna at, a si ng bay con ring gut, oot 20, ta, Myf bide ng Tchad che sietaid conse fymoi du Th My ifn nghigpohd cSagh ot Je. Mie hdmi nab cbt, oa 2a, Mis hid ring vt ahi oat 2b, Mit ids chs ds coma, oat 2e Myf Mérm asi neem BEAR, ak 4 Ching han, xem céc ban Kidu cé chi gifi cla Biti KY va Tin Trong Kim (Truyén Thuy-Kiéu. Vinh Hung Long ther ‘quan, Ha N6i 1925), etia Nguyén Van Vinh (Kim Van Kidu, t.1 & 2, Alexandre de Rhodes, bin dich Phap vin. Hi Ni 1942- 1943), ciia Nguyn Thach Giang (Trupén Kidu, Nub Bai hoc vi Trung hoc chuyém nghiép. HA NOi 1972), Kem thém: Neuyén Vinh Phiic 1972, “Quan 46i long may’, tap chi Noén noi. 56 2,p. 59-60; Kigu Thu Hoach 1974, “Gép ban vé mot bin Kigu mdi", tap chi Vin hoe, 28 2, p.S9-76) Das Duy Anh 1974, Tie didn eruyn Kidu Neb Khoa hge XE Bi, HANS. Mé hinh trong Am (tir nay viét tit la TA) aia cdc t8 hop (ngir doan) hai ting nay If thude vio chic ning cia toan ngtr doan trong cau hay trong ngir doan bic trén. Néu té hop lam dinh ngir cho mét danh tir chi ngwoi nhu 94, éng, anh, c6, veo, TA. sf li [01]. Néu nd lim thinh mt vi ngir (mét phn thuydt) hay mot két cin chit vi (#e-thuyét), TA la [11]. 1 hing té hop hai ting nay thong la din ngir cho nhimg danh tir ngudi hay vit) nhw eée, chan, vied TA [01]. hinh thie nlur hinh, méu hay bé phan (cla 42M hink trong am ciia cic té hop ba tiéng nay déula [103]. © Ching han trong cau Phan sao phan bac nhw véi, ong bat chap tir nguyn ctia chit bee, vén of nghia 1a mong manh, 42 ding né ding nhw ngwoi Vigt vin higuné: “ting”, nhw trong sdc bac, trdu bac, voi bac, bac mdi viv. 412 Xem Kiéu Thu Hoach 1974368, 12 DN2 Kkhdng bao gid la dink ngir han dink (phn loai) aia NI. Ve ow kc nhau rit cin ban giira hai loai dink ngir ny, xem O, Jespersen, 1924, The Philosophy of Grammar, London (cp. 2nd ed, 1958), Gao Xuan Hao 1982, Hai loai dank tie iia tiéng Viét. Bao edo tai Vign Khoa hoc Xa hi tai TP. Hb Chi Minh: 1994: “Ve cfu tric cia danh ngtr trong tiéng Viet’. In: Luu Vin Ling (ed) Nhing vén @2 ngit phdp ting Viee hin dai, Nxb Khoa hoc X3 hbi, Ha NOi). 12 Trong cc ngén ng cé chi ngir ngit phap, chil ng nay giir quyén kiém dink sw phi ving vé sé cla vi tr, kiém dinh 8 chi ella d3i tir phn than, kidm inh s& chi cia dai tr hdi chi ké c& zero, Néi nbur thé c6 nghia la nhimg dai tir nay wong pham vi ciu du @bng so chi véi chi ngirngt php ola ciu. 12 Trong tiéng Viét, hii chi zero théng dung gap bdi so voi edch hai chi nay trong ede thir tiéng chau Au. Ching han so sinks He stuffed his hand in his pockets va N6 thoc tay vio tif quin, A. threw the ball. B. received it in his hands vi A. ném béng. B. gio tay dén léy. LUD o Duy Anh. Tp san Nghién evhu Vin SibDia 26 37,1962. MO Nguyén Tai Gan, Tap chi Van hoc 562, 1974 De thém ring 28: Trong bai 2003, NTC thay hai chit ndy bing hai chir phong khéang ma éng thay Ia chinh xéchon8 Di nbign, dé cho win a& 46 rSi rim, abit la ASi voi gidi Vin, NTC khong bin &&n mit phin phéi 46 dai cla nguyen ‘am va phu dm cudi trong “vin min” (Cong” doc la [SN], [8>NJ hay [ANm] (nb trong tiéng Vigthién dai); “6ng” doc la [oN], [poN] hay [FNm] (bw trong tigng Vide hin 434). Chiing thi hodn ton dn think cfeh Lim niy, vi nhig chi dt nb vy 26 ‘thé gdclai cho dé khi nly sinh van d@ moi, ‘05 Paul Schneider Nguyén Trii et son recueil de poémes en langue nationale. CNRF. Paris 1987 ‘8 Cae Mudn Hao, Trin Xudn Ngoc Lan, Thém mét ci lidu v? hai chir song viet. TC. Vin hoes 4.1987 ‘0 Trong bai nay GS.NTC ¢6 dan thém nhimg két qui nghién ath lich st tiéng Han cia .A.Starostin vé eich doc chit vide, trong dé oé cach doc cd [jes], dé di Dang Han chuydn think [jej], cho phép gid thiét ring wiét trong song viét voi nghia “cia cai" bat ngudn tir cach doc cd cia chit cé (x. ibid. tr. 3) ua & oan nay GS. NTC din may ciu the cig Nguyén Hing : Song vide ai bang song vide ea, Dai khdch vé vang rau Ibe mudng, Digu cank chan chita mege ché ed va bink ludn ring "téc gid tw cudi vé Idi sng han nho cia minh’. Ching tdi khéng 136 tai sao GS hiéu may cau tho ciia Nguyén Hing theo mot hurong khac voi may céu cila Hong Bite thi tap nw vay, trong ‘Ei ta oé thé thay 2d Nguyén Hing da ding lai chink cdi té the cia Wing Dife thi tap voi mét tink than y hét nhw nhimg ngwii dba bd, ‘2 Biti Van Neuyén. Am vang tue ngit, ea dao trong tho quée am ciia Nguyén Trii, Ngdn ngit 56 3.1980. bu Danb sich cic vin cinh kd duréi day lay tir b& Nguyén Trai todn tip. Téin bién . TP. HB Chi Min: NXB Vin hoc & ‘Trung tim Nehién eta Qudchoe2000.m, 612-614, (DU Biti Van Nguyén. Am vang tue ngit, ca dao trong the quéc 4m ella Nguyén Trii. Ngdn ngit 26 3. 1980. 22 ching t6i chon hai nghia nay mét céch wéc dinh trong cic nghia sau day: tw nghiép, edi sdnv cia edi 28 Cixing ti chon hai nghia nay mgt edch wae dinh trong cde nghia sau day: réng vt lang thang, phiéu lang. phong Hhéang, nian nhé, choi nhdi vui thus lang bot, vét weéng, co ewe (do GS.NTC 48 nghi (Bad. tr, 1-2). Trong khi tric nghitm, ban doc ¢é thé thay nhirng té hop do chiing tai chon bing bat at t8 hop nao trong danh sich nay. Rigng hai chit co care voi thira 2 TOT! rye tigp mau j. cho nén trong mt 56 ciueé lién quan véi 4 muc nay chiing tai 28 thay bing hai chit xuéi ngugc, cling do NTC ding trong cng tinh 1974, von of nghia trung hoa how va khéng gay mau thuan gi. Ching 161 xin cung cép danb sich nay nbur nhiing dir kign thuln niy dé céc ban doc nghién ciru tiép, khéng dam binh luan gi chim. 4 chiing t6i chom hai nghia ndy mét cach wée dinh tong céc ghia sau day: tir nghiép, tdi sin, cla edi