White Cement

Definition

Grinding white cement clinker

+
a suitable set-controlling agent

White Cement
It differs from grey cement by

Its colour
Uses

It is used mostly for aesthetic reasons,

 Decorative purposes
 Reflection of solar radiation at hot cities.
Design For White Cement

 Typical production figures in the range of

30,000 to 300,000 ton of clinker per year.

 This is due to
 The limited marketing
 High specific energy consumption
Raw materials

 Limestone
 Kaolin
 Sand (white sand)
 Gypsum

 Calcium Florid as a flux material (to decrease

the burning temperature of the materials)
Selection of raw materials

Selection of raw materials must be avoiding

 Iron from the raw mill grinding media,
 Chromium from magnesite-chrome
refractories in the kiln.
 Metallic oxides in the fuel ash
 The colour of the gypsum, which is ground
with the clinker
The four means of contamination
are avoided by

 Using hard forged media in raw mill

 Non – use of magnesite – chrome
refractories in kiln
 Firing the kiln with natural gas or oil
 Selection of white or colorless gypsum
Controlling Factor

 C3S is preferred than C2S because traces of iron

from solid solutions with C2S coloring the mineral
 On this basis, LSF should be high to maximize
the whiteness of clinker
 Due to the lack of iron, raw mix is difficult to
combine (burn), high temperatures achieved in
kiln, fuel & refractory costs raised
Quenching of clinker

 White cement clinker usually is quenched in

water immediately after leaving the kiln.

 Quenching of clinker to avoid the following

1. Minerals (V, Fe , Mn , Cr) re-oxidation
where there oxides causes cement colors.
2. C3S C2S + free lime
Where the free lime lowering the whiteness
El Minya White Cement plant
Design

 Raw Materials
Lime Stone , Kaolin , Sand , Gypsum &
Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)
 Sand Mill
Ball Mill with ceramic balls grinding media
 Heat Exchanger
Source of 2ary & 3ary air
Design

 Clinker Crusher
Position: between kiln & cooler
High temperatures produces big lumps
 Decolorizer (Rotary Cooler)
Water spray system included for quenching
 Kiln Refractories
Magnesite bricks to face high temperatures in
burning zone ~ 1750 – 1800 oC
White cement plant
Sand Mill
Burning Plant
Clinker Decolorizer
Storages
Clinker Storage
Kiln
By Pass
Drag Chain Clinker
Secondary air duct
Heat Exchanger
Clinker Decolorizer
Clinker crusher position
Clinker
Crusher
cooling
Using of Calcium Fluoride

Used as Fluxing Agent

Advantages
 Clinker production & whiteness increased
 Free lime & fuel consumption decreased
 Burnability becomes higher (easy to burn)
Using of Calcium Fluoride

Disadvantages
 With high %,
Blockages in kiln inlet & riser ducts
Damage of refractory lining of preheater
and kiln leads to damage in preheater
steel walls & kiln shell
 Fluctuation in CaF2 causes flushes (sudden
flow of material) which lead to blockages