COMPARATIVE

POLICE SYSTEM

ERIC SAWATI CATTE, CCS,

CSP
Eric Sawati Catte 1
Comparative
Denotes the degree or
grade by which a person,
thing, or other entity has a
property or quality greater
or less in extent than that of
another.

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Police
A police service is a public force
empowered to enforce the law
and to ensure public and social
order through the legitimized use
of force.
“Police is the public and the public
is the police”- Sir Robert Peels

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In the Philippines, the police/
law enforcement is spearheaded
by what agency/ies?
1.Philippine National Police (PNP)
2. National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI)
3.Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA)
2/19/16 ERIC SAWATI CATTE, CCS, CSP 4
System
A combination of related elements
that is functioning as a whole in order
to achieve a single goal or objective.

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Comparative Police
System
Process of outlining the
similarities and differences of
one police system to another
in order to discover insights in
the field of international policing.

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Why Compare?
Crime has become a global
phenomenon.
Transnational crimes crosses
borders and the need for
bilateral and international
cooperation become
imperative.
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HOW TO COMPARE?
COLLOBORATIVE
SAFARI METHOD METHOD

researcher
researcher communicates
visits another with foreign
country. researcher
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THEORIES IN POLICING
SYSTEM
HOMERULE THEORY CONTINENTAL
Policemen are THEORY
servants of the Policemen are
community. servant of higher
Effectiveness of authority.
policemen They just follow
depends on the the wishes of top
express wishes of official of the
the people. government.
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 Uniformed policemen will go out to
CONTINENTAL/
the field and patrol for the public
MODERN to
SYSTEM
OLD POLICING
see them which gives
Thethem the
yardstick of police
feeling of security and the
efficiency is the
elimination of
The yardstick ofopportunity
absence to commit
or lesser
crime
the on the part
efficiency of of the criminal.
occurrence of
the police is crimes.
determined by the Police
number of arrest. omnipresence is
Punishment is the considered as the tool
sole instrument of or instrument in crime
crime control. prevention.
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 It emphasizes
THREE STYLES OF
on informal
It emphasizes
POLICING
means ofon helping the
1.Legalistic
resolving
community, as
disputes. Itopposed to
emphasizes
2.Watchmanenforcing the usethe
of
law. or
threats
3.Service actual arrests
to solve
disputes.
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 INTERPOL
ICPO

International Criminal
Police Organization
INTERPOL
the largest international
police organization in the
world, with National Central
Bureaus in 187 member
countries.
188 (2010)

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Where is its headquarter
located?
Lyon, France

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 The Interpol is
comprised of the
following bodies:
1. General Assembly
2. Executive Committee
3. General Secretariat
4. National Central Bureaus
5. Advisers
6. The Commission for the Control of
INTERPOL’s Files
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THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
INTERPOL’s supreme governing body, it
meets annually and comprises delegates
appointed by each member country.
The assembly takes all important
decisions related to policy, resources,
working methods, finances, activities and
programs.
It also elects the Organization's Executive
Committee

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THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE
 March,
 July and
Itcomprises 13-member
Immediately before the
committee which is elected by
General Assembly
the General Assembly.
The Executive Committee is
INTERPOL’s select deliberative
1 president,
organ which meets three times
3 vice-presidents, and a
year. 9 delegates.
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How long is the tenure of duty of the
executive committee?
Vice-
President
Presidents
4 years
3 years

They are not immediately

eligible for re-election either to
the same posts, or as delegates
to the Executive Committee.
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Mrs. Mireille
Ballestrazzi
She is the INTERPOL's current
President , elected at the 81st
INTERPOL General Assembly held
in Rome in November 2012. 
Mrs Ballestrazzi will serve as
President until 2016.

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GENERAL SECRETARIAT
Where is the General Secretariat
based?
It coordinates the international
activities of member countries, holds
a library of international criminal
Lyon,
records, and organizes regular
meetings at whichFrance
delegates can
exchange information on police work.

The General Secretariat operates 24

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Who is called the head of
the General Secretariat?
SECRETARY GENERAL

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Who is known as the
Current secretary general?
RONALD KENNETH NOBLE
(2010- 2015)

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What are organization’s
four official languages?
1. Arabic
2. English
3. French
4. Spanish

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NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS
(NCB)
The NCB is the designated CONTACT
POINT for the General Secretariat,
regional offices and other member
countries requiring assistance with
overseas investigations and the location
and apprehension of fugitives.
Each INTERPOL member country
maintains a National Central Bureau
staffed by national law enforcement
officers.
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 USA
(NCB)

PHI G JAPAN
(NCB)
S (NCB)

CHINA
(NCB)
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National Central Bureau – Manila
CHAIRMAN?
Director General Philippine National Police
MEMBERS:
Director, National Bureau of Investigation
Commissioner, Bureau of Customs
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration
Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board

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ADVISERS
These are experts in a
purely advisory capacity,
who may be appointed by
the Executive Committee
and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
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COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF
INTERPOL’S FILES (CCF)
To ensure that the processing of
personal information by INTERPOL
complies with the Organization's
regulations,
To advise INTERPOL on any project,
operation, set of rules or other matter
involving the processing of personal
information and
To process requests concerning the
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The INTERPOL Notices System
An Interpol notice or
international notice is issued by
Interpol to share information
between its members.

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Red Notice
To seek the arrest
or provisional arrest
of wanted persons
with a view to
extradition.

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Black Notice

To seek information
on unidentified
bodies.

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Yellow Notice
To help locate missing
persons, often minors,
or to help identify
persons who are
unable to identify
themselves.

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Blue Notice
To collect
additional
information
about a person’s
identity or
activities in
relation to a crime.
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Green Notice
To provide warnings
and criminal
intelligence about
persons who have
committed criminal
offenses and are likely
to repeat these
crimes in other
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Orange Notice
To warn police,
public entities and
other international
organizations about
potential threats
from disguised
weapons, parcel
bombs and other
dangerous
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PHILIPPINE CENTER ON
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME (PCTC)
Its mission was to formulate
and implement a concerted
program of action of all law
enforcement and government
E.O. 62
agencies for the prevention
and control of
transnational crimes.
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What is the mother agency
of PCTC?
Office of the President

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INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)
The world's oldest and
largest nonprofit membership
organization of police
executives.
IACP's leadership consists of
the operating chief executives
of international, federal, state
and local agencies of all sizes.
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SELECTED POLICE
MODELS
U.S. POLICE
DEPARTMENT

1.federal,
2.state,
3.county
and
4.city
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 City
Count
y
State
Feder
al

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Who will respond? (Two
fold)
First, one must determine
which government unit
prohibits the acts. For
example, homicide is an act
that is prohibited at the state
level. So, as a general rule, only
law enforcement agencies with
authority to enforce state laws
may investigate the crime of
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Second, one must look at the
place (venue) where the
criminal act occurred. If the
murder occurred in Alabama,
the Alabama authorities will
be responsible in
investigating the crime.
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1. CITY POLICE
City police are mainly
responsible for enforcing the
law in their own
NYPDcity.
A small town may have a
police force of only one or two
officers.
What is the largest city police
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In most cities in USA, who
appoints the head of the
police department in cities?
MAYOR

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2. COUNTY POLICE
The powers of a county
police force extend
throughout the county.
What do we call the chief law
enforcement officer in most
counties?
SHERIFF
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Who appoints the Sheriff?
PEOPLE

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3. STATE POLICE
Headed by a commissioner
or superintendent.
What is term called for all of
the state police officers?

TROOPERS

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Who appoints the
commissioner or
superintendent?
State Governor

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How many police states
are there in the USA?
(fifty) 50 out of 51 states
Except: Hawaii

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4. Federal Police
They are responsible in
enforcing law within the
whole country of USA
including outside
boarders.
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FBI
Chief investigating
branch of the United States
Department of Justice;
Investigates federal
crimes and handles cases
involving stolen money or
property that has been
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National Crime Information
Center (NCIC)
A computerized information
system that stores records on
wanted persons and stolen
property FBI
Who operates it?
Washington,
Where is it located?
DC.
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OTHER FEDERAL
AGENCIES
1.Secret Service
 Protecting all living current and former
U.S. president and their families
2.Bureau Of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,
And Explosives
 Assist in controlling the sale of untaxed
liquor and cigarettes, illegal firearms, and
explosives.
3.Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA)
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
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
Is a U.S. citizen
Is at least 21 years of age
5’8” (MALE), 5’6” (FEMALE)
Has at least 20/20 vision uncorrected; ( or 20/20
corrected by glasses)
Is able to distinguish colors
Is physically and mentally healthy.
Applicants who have served in the military must have
been honorably discharged.
May not have been convicted of driving while
intoxicated and must hold a valid license for at least
three years prior to application and have a driving
record.
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Applicants should have no criminal conviction,
although some misdemeanor crimes may bar
applicants from a law enforcement position.
All applicants are expected to be free from drug
use, be of good moral character, and have
personal integrity.
No applicant should have any history of criminal
or improper conduct, have a poor employment
record, or have an irresponsible financial history.
Generally, applicants should at least have a GED
equivalency or a high school diploma, however,
some departments, such as that in Dallas, Texas,
are requiring 60 or more hours of completed
college coursework.
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PROBATION PERIOD
When a candidate receives an
appointment to the police department,
the candidate must then successfully
complete recruit training, which can
last from several months to more
than a year, depending on the
training requirements of the police
department.

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 JAPAN POLICE
SYSTEM
National Police Agency or
NPA

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Who is the parent agency
of NPA?
National Public Safety Commission

It ensures that Japan's police are

an apolitical body and free of
direct central government
executive control.
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NATIONAL POLICE
AGENCY
The central coordinating body
Commission
for the entire police system.
er General
Who is the head of NPA?
Who appoints the Commissioner
General? National Public
Safety Commission
with the approval of
the prime minister
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Bureaus of NPA?
Police Administration Bureau
Criminal Investigation Bureau
Traffic Bureau
Security Bureau
Regional Public Safety Bureaus

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POLICE ADMINISTRATION
BUREAU
The Administration Bureau
is concerned with police
personnel, education,
welfare, training, and
unit inspections.

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CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
BUREAU
It is in-charge of
research statistics and
the investigation of
nationally important and
international cases.
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TRAFFIC BUREAU
It is concerned of the
licenses drivers,
enforces traffic safety
laws, and regulates
traffic.
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SECURITY BUREAU
It formulates and supervises
the execution of security
policies. It conducts research
on equipment and tactics for
suppressing riots and
oversaw and coordinates
activities of the riot police.
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REGIONAL PUBLIC SAFETY
BUREAUS
The National Police Agency
has seven regional police
bureaus.
What is called the head of
RPSB? Director
General
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What are the 2 police department
excluded from the jurisdiction of
RPSB?
 Tokyo Metropolitan
Police Department
Hokkaido Prefectural
Police
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KOBAN
It is a police post located
in urban neighborhood.
The smallest
organizational unit in
today's Japanese police
system.
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How many % are designated
as Koban officers among the
total police strength in Japan?

40%

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CHUZAISHO
It is the rural equivalent of
the urban Koban.
What is the term called for
the police officers of
Chuzaisho?
chuzaish
an
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Who provides personal
security for the Emperor,
Crown Prince and other
members of the Imperial
Family of Japan?
IMPERIAL GUARD

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KIDOTAI (SPECIAL RIOT
POLICE )
These units were formed after riots at
the Imperial Palace in 1952, to respond
quickly and effectively to large public
disturbances.
Main requirements?
The overwhelming majority of
officers are bachelors who live in
dormitories within riot police
compounds.
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What is the official
paramilitary anti-terrorist
unit under the Japanese
National Police Agency?
SAT
SPECIAL ASSAULT TEAM

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What police force is the
world’s second and the Asia's
first police agency to operate
with a modern policing
system?
HONG KONG POLICE
FORCE
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What is the highest police rank
in Hongkong? (April 2014)
Commissioner of Police

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CHINA POLICE
SYSTEM
People’s Police
Public security police
The largest and most visible
component of the Chinese
Police that performs a wide
range of ordinary police
functions.
86%

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Judicial procuratorates
police
They escort suspects in
cases investigated by the
procuratorates

Prosecutors in the
Phils.
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Judicial people court
police
They maintain security
and order in the various
courts and also may
carryout death sentence.

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To become a police officer, a
candidate must have the following:
1.At least 18 years of age but not more than 25 years old.
* As a preferential treatment for candidates from
ethnic minority groups, the regulation extends the
maximum age limit to 30
2.Must support the constitution
3.Must be of Good moral character
4.Be in good health
5. Education level no less than high school graduate
6.Be willing to serve as a police officer
7.No criminal records and must not have been expelled
from public employment.
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Age for Recruitment and
Retirement
Some entered policing as
early as 12 years of age but
the recruitment age is now
around 16 years.
Retirement is at least 30
years in service

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SINGAPORE POLICE
SYSTEM

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Police Task Force
(PTF)
It is an effective ground
response force to serious
incidents such as major
disasters, firearm situations
and riots.
They are called upon to
restore public order in times of
riots and demonstrations.
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Special Tactics and Rescue
(STAR) Unit
The STAR Unit provides the
Singapore Police Force with a
tactical armed-response
capability.
Besides dealing with highly
dangerous criminals, STAR is also
involved in risky protective security
operations and prisoner escort.
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Police K-9 Unit (PDU)
The Police K-9 Unit has
dogs trained specifically for
explosive detection, drug
detection, guard duties and
anti-crime operations.

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Prison police
It is responsible for
supervision of convicted
offenders in prison.

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Who is known as the shortest
Police Officer in United Kingdom?

Sue Day
(4 feet 10 inches)

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Royal Malaysia Police
Its headquarters is located
at Bukit Aman, Kuala
Lumpur.
The police force is led by
an Inspector-General of
Police (IGP)
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SWITZERLAND POLICING
SYSTEM
All police departments require at
least a high school diploma or
equivalent education from their
officers. While some hire
graduates right out of high school,
many require potential officers to
be at least 21 years old.
Retirement is 65 yrs of age
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Indian Police Service
PHILIPPINES INDIA
You must possess a You have a degree
baccalaureate degree. certificate
At least 21 yrs old. At least 21 years old.
You must pass the You must be physically fit.
medical, psychological,
physical and drug test.
Male (162cm) Female Male (165 cm) Female
(157cm) in height. (150cm)
You must pass the exam You must pass the 3 stage
in NAPOLCOM PNP pattern CSAT, preliminary
Entrance Exam exam, Exam/Board
main exam.
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