GROUP 2

CHEMICAL AND NERVOUS CONTROL

ANIMALS

- Animals have

 Nervous System - The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates
its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

 Endocrine System - The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system

consisting of hormones, the group of glands of an organism that secrete those
hormones directly into the circulatory system to regulate the function of distant
target organs, and the feedback loops which modulate hormone release so that
homeostasis is maintained.

- Have brain (which processes the input and sends messages back through the system
of nerves to control all body parts)

- Uses sensors to gather information from inside and outside of the body ( taste, sight,
touch, smell, hearing )

- Have nerve cells

- Animals have a nerve cord that transmits information between the network of nerve
cells and the brain. The information is processed into possible responses information to
direct the best response is sent back through the network of nerve cells to the muscles,
glands and other parts of the animal.

PLANTS

- Plants do not have nervous system

- Plants respond to stimuli in various ways;

 Tropisms -growth of a plant in a certain direction in response to stimulus

 Phototropism - response of plants to light), nastic movements( responses that

occur in the same way, regardless of the stimulus, short term and irreversible)

 Photoperiodism - response to daylight length

 Dormancy - period of decreased activity that results from structural and

chemical.changes in a plant.
GROUP 2

- Plants also respond by producing chemicals

- Hormones

 Auxin
- stimulates cell elongation
- stimulates root growth, differentiation and branching
- stimulates development of fruit
- controls branching of stems
- controls phototropism and gravitrotism

 Gibberellin
- promotes seed and bud germination
- promotes stem elongation
- promotes leaf growth
-stimulates flowering and development of fruit
- affects root growth and differentiation

 Ethylene
- promotes fruit ripening
- opposing some auxin effects
- inhibits stem elongation
-stimulates development of roots, leaves, or flowers, depending on the
species.

 Cytokinin
- affects root growth and differentiation
-stimulates cell division and growth
- stimulates germination
- stimulates flowering
- delays aging

 Abscisic Acid
- inhibits growth
- closes stomata during excessive water loss
- promotes seed and bud dormancy

SIMILARITIES: BOTH CAN RESPOND IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CUES

GROUP 2

REGULATION OF BODY FLUIDS

ANIMALS

- Animals have kidneys

 Kidneys - They help the body pass waste as urine. They also help filter blood
before sending it back to the heart. The kidneys perform many crucial functions,
including: maintaining overall fluid balance.

- Controlling the amount of water loss through the excretory system

 Excretory System - performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of

discharging wastes. The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of
wastes produced by homeostasis.

- Hormones

 Antidiuretic Hormones (ADH) - a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the

brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It tells your kidneys how much
water to conserve

 Aldosterone Hormones - The hormone acts mainly in the functional unit of the
kidneys to aid in the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water
retention and to stabilize blood pressure.

 Angiotensin II - Angiotensin also stimulates the release ofaldosterone from

the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

PLANTS

- Plants have stomata

 Stomata - Each stoma (the tiny pore or hole) is flanked by two guard cells which
expand and contract, closing and opening the stoma. Two controls on the
opening and closing of the stomata are the plant's water balance and the carbon
dioxide concentration.
GROUP 2

- regulating water loss through evapotranspiration

- hormone

 Abscisic Acid - is a plant hormone. ABA functions in many plant developmental

processes, including seed and bud dormancy, the control of organ size and
stomatal closure.

SIMILARITIES : BOTH GAINS WATER FROM THE ENVIRONMENT

GROUP 2

TRANSPORTATION / CIRCULATION
ANIMALS

- all tubes are composed of living cells

- the concentration of substances transported is controlled

- the heart controls the circulatory system. The heart is controlled by the nervous
system.

PLANTS

- some tubes are composed of living cells, e.g. phloem. Others are composed of dead
cells, e.g. xylem.

 Phloem - also called bast, tissues in plants that conduct foods made in the
leaves to all other parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of various specialized
cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers,
and phloem parenchyma cells.

 Xylem - one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem
being the other. The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to
shoots and leaves, but it also transports nutrients.

- the concentration of the substances being transported is not controlled.

- most plants are less complex and requires less water and food to survive.

SIMILARITIES: BOTH ARE SPECIALIZED TUBES AND BOTH USES WATER AS MEDIUM
IN TRANSPORTING SUBSTANCES

MEMBERS

De Asis, Chriscent Erl

Patalinghog, Meinald
Rufule, Deniel Rae
Basas, Chrizel Mae
Chavez, Mariel
Pelicano, Wence Rozen
Pareja, Nika
Solatorio, Riza Mae
Verano, Jennena Marie