GEOGRAPHICAL MAPPING OF FLOOD IN BISLIG CITY FROM JANUARY 01,

2018 TO JANUARY 01, 2019

A Research Report

Submitted to:
The Faculty of Engineering Department
University of Southeastern Philippines- Bislig Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Submitted by:

CELEBRADO, JASON A.
LUNA, KENNETH BRYAN J.

May 2018

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 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In recent years humans have endured increasing numbers of natural disasters, of

which flood is the greatest and most common throughout the world. Flood risk is a

combination of flood hazards and vulnerability.

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR, 2016) has reported

the year 2015 as the hottest year since the start of temperature recording. The second most

important cause for disasters related to natural hazards are floods (the natural hazard causing

most disasters is storm). Floods have traditionally affected most people in any given year but

were in second place last year when 152 floods affected 27.5 million people 2and claimed

3,310 lives (UNISDR, 2016). This compares with the ten-year average of 5,938 deaths and

85.1 million people affected. Floods in India last year affected 16.4 million people

(UNISDR, 2016). Floods could become more severe, since the annual precipitation is

expected to increase in Finland by 13-26% by the 2080s (Jylhä and Ruosteenoja, 2007) and

extreme precipitations are expected to increase (Beniston et al., 2007). In addition,

temperature increases of 2-6 ° C by the end of the century are estimated to decrease the snow

accumulation by 40-70% (Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997; Beldring et al., 2006;

Ruosteenoja and jylhä, 2007; Jylhä et al., 2008; Räisänen, 2008). The temperature increase

would also decrease snowmelt floods, which are currently the largest floods in most parts of

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Finland. Flooding is dangerous, particularly along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea and

in northern and northeastern Iran, which was afflicted by a powerful flood in August 2001

that killed 210 people and cost $31 million in damage. During 2002-11, there were also

dangerous and smaller floods at the same places, which led to a loss of $65 million and the

deaths of 28 people (ARAEO, 2004-2006).

Approximately 50.3% of its total area was reported as a natural hotspot, and 81.3% of

its population is vulnerable to natural disasters (Senate Economic Planning Office, 2013).

One of the most devastating and frequent natural disasters in the Philippines is flooding,

which usually hits populated floodplains adjacent to rivers and streams. Adverse effects on

the health and safety of localities and the economy of the country are among the major

impacts of flooding. With the floodplains’ changing nature, there is a need to examine how

they are affected by land use change (Abolghasem et al., 2014). The forecast of river

inundation through modeling plays a vital role in the structural and non-structural measures

of flood management. The predictions are also useful to prepare the flood maps in floodplain

sites using appropriate computer models (Rahman et al., 2011). However, there have been

several issues regarding the uncertainty in flood inundation mapping, a probable cause of

which can include the techniques used in the process (Merwade et al., 2008). The accuracy

and quality of data on ground elevation as well as the geometry of the modeled river have a

remarkable impact upon flood mapping (Alho et al., 2009).

Flood risk maps can generate awareness in the population and especially among local

people to support land-use planners and investors to decrease the overall flood risk. Also,

flood hazard mapping is a vital component for appropriate land use planning in flood-prone

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areas. It creates easily-read, rapidly-accessible charts and maps which facilitate the

identification of areas at risk of flooding and also helps priorities mitigation and response

efforts (Bapulu & Sinha, 2005). This tool also designed to increase awareness of the

likelihood of flooding among the public, local authorities and other organizations. They also

encourage people living and working in flood-prone areas to find out more about the local

flood risk and to take appropriate action (Environment Agency, 2010).

Some areas in Bislig City encountered this kind of occurrence especially in some part

of Mangagoy, Bislig City. This incident needs to inflate to the local officers in Bislig City in

order to raise awareness and providing knowledge about flood awareness.

Statement of the Problem

Flood is natural disaster that may cause ruinous catastrophe and it affects the

economic growth of the society.

Along with this research, the following problems are:

 Which areas in Bislig City are more prone of flood incident?

 What will be the flood susceptibility rating in every barangay in Bislig City

whether High, Medium or Low?

 How many houses are affected by flood incident in Bislig City?

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Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to map out the flood incidents in City from

January 01, 2018 to January 01, 2019.

This study also aims to:

 Determine which areas in Bislig City are more prone of flood incident.

 Determine the flood susceptibility rating in every barangay in Bislig City

whether if it is High, Medium or Low.

 Determine the number of houses affected by flood incident.

Significance of the Study

Flood risk maps can generate awareness in the population and especially among local

people to support land-use planners and investors to decrease the overall flood risk. Also,

flood hazard mapping is a vital component for appropriate land use planning in flood-prone

areas.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This research will be conducted to determine if which area in Bislig City that is prone

to flood incident. This study intends to map the flood incident in Bislig City from January 01,

2018 to January 01, 2019 only.

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Conceptual Framework

Flood Data

Review and Geographical

Recoding of Data Mapping using GIS

Flood Mapping

Fig. 1 The Schematic diagram of this study

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 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The Study was conducted through the collection of data’s of flood incidents in Bislig

City from January 01, 2019 from the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management office

(NDRRMC) Bislig Office. After the collection of Data’s, the fire records were reviewed to

determine variables that were pertinent to the study and to determine the extent of

documentation of flood events. The variables identified for inclusion were date and location.

Since the data entries were not consistently encoded, a second review was conducted and

master list was prepared.

Once completed, the raw data were examined for consistency before being processed.

Through this tool, frequency distributions for all variables were generated. The study also

made use of the location coordinates to the map the location of the flood using Geographical

Information System. Geographical Information System (GIS) allows for geographic analyses.

Through this, the distribution of flood based on date in Bislig was visually presented through

heat maps thus it was easy to detect areas having more vigorous of flood.

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