Chapter 3: Writing academic texts • it is rendering the essential ideas in a

text using your own words.

Lesson 1: The Pre-writing Process
Quotations
Steps on The Pre-Writing Process
• it must be identical to the original text.
Brainstorming

- is an invention and discovery strategy in which

the writer collaborates with others to explore topics, Lesson 3: Writing and Re-Writing Process
develop ideas, and/or purpose of writing.
Developing your thesis statement
Freewriting
Thesis statement
- it is intended to encourage the development of
• is the claim or stand that you will
ideas without concern for the conventional rules of
develop in your paper.
writing.
• it is the controlling idea of your essay.
Clustering
• it gives your readers idea of what your
- a discovery strategy in which the writer groups
paper is all about.
ideas in non linear fashion, using lines, and circles to
indicate relationships. • this is a statement or theory that is put
forward as a premise to be maintained
Reason of writing
or proved
- ponder on the reason why you are writing.
Genres and Types of Thesis Statements
Knowing your purpose and identifying your readers or
1. Argumentative Essay
audiences
• Requires that you make a particular
- determining your purpose will help you
claim about an issue and support that
communicate your ideas to the reader.
claim with evidence.
Lesson 2: Avoiding Plagiarism
• "Highschools should include the fine
Plagiarism could be any of the following: arts in their curriculum to stimulates
students." Cognitive development,
• Deliberate copying of somebody else's work allows them an outlet for creative
and claiming that work to be his/her own; expression, and improve their
appreciation of artistic creations of
• Using somebody else's work or ideas without
various tyes."
proper acknowledgement or citation; and
2. Analytic Essays
• Copying the text without paraphrasing it.
• Explores particular characteristics of an
issue or phenomenon, and offers your
How to avoid plagiarism? interpretation or evaluation of how
these elements work together or why
Paraphrasing
they are important.
• it is one of the ways to avoid plagiarism.
 • "Mc Donald's advertising campaign for
children reveals serious issues regarding
misinterpretation of the nutritional
content of Mc Donald's happy meals."
3. Expository Essay
• Seek to describe an idea or issue for the
reader. The thesis for this type usually
by identifying specific qualities or
categories that will be explored in the
essay.
• The typical college student of the
twenty first century utilizes technology
in a variety of ways, to complete
academic assignments, to interact
socially with peers and family, and to
access information."
4. Narrative Essay
Tells a story and is a common genre for the
personal essay. While a narrative essay will
certainly have a central focus, it is not always
effective to create an explicit thesis statement;
sometimes an implied thesis will work better for
this particular style.
"My positive experiences with reading and
writing throughout my childhood led to an
intense interest in literacy pursuits throughout
my lifetime."
Organizing Your Paper
• Organizing your ideas
• finding the connection of one point to
another and establishing a link from
one idea to another.
• Outlining
• it is an effective way of ensuing the
logical flow of your ideas.
• Introduction
• for academic essay, it provides a
background of your topic, poses a
question regarding the topic, explains
the question is problematic and
significant, and gives the writer's thesis
statement.
• Body of the essay
• develop an answer or propose a
solution to the thesis statement that
you have given in the introduction.
• Conclusion
• should bring together the points made
in your paper and emphasize your final
point.
The Post-Writing Process
• According to Murray (2005), "Writing is
revising.”
• Collumnist Ellen Goodman said that "What
makes [her] happy is rewriting... It's like
cleaning the house, getting rid of all the junk,
getting things in the right order, tightening
up."
• Just like Murray and Goodman, you also have
to keep in mind that writing is a work in
progress; it cannot be perfected all at once.
•
There are two processes involved in post-writing:
• Revising
• Adding, Rearranging, Removing,
Replacing.
• Editing
• It involves the close-up view of the
individual sentences and words.