Amparo Senior High School

Worksheets in Grade 11 Mathematics

Inspired by Interleaved Practice

Name: Grade & Section:

Instructions: Feel free to provide your complete solutions for the following problems on the
spaces provided.
Topic: Arguments, Valid, Fallacy (Grade 11 General Mathematics Textbook, page 281-282, #1)

1. Determine whether the following arguments are valid. If it is valid, then identify the rule of
inference which justifies its validity. Otherwise, state a counterexample or identify the type of
fallacy exhibited by the argument.
a. If x is an odd integer, then 2x + 1 is also an odd integer. If 2x + 1 is an odd integer, then 3(2x
+ 1) is an odd integer. Therefore, if x is an odd integer, then 3(2x + 1) is an odd integer.
Answer: Let p: “x is an odd integer”, q: “2x + 1 is an odd integer” and r: “3(2x + 1) is an odd
integer”. In proposition form [(𝑝 → 𝑝) ∧ (𝑝 → 𝑝)] → (𝑝 → 𝑝). Hence, the argument is valid by virtue
of the “Law of Syllogism”.
b. If u is even and v is odd, then uv is even. It is found that uv is even. Therefore, u is even and
v is odd.

Answer: Let p: “u is even and v is odd” and p: “uv is even. In proposition form [(𝑝 → 𝑝) ∧ 𝑝] → 𝑝.
Hence, the argument is invalid as exhibits the “Fallacy of the Converse”.
c. If quadrilateral ABCD is a square, then it is also a rectangle. Quadrilateral ABCD is not a
rectangle. Therefore, it is not a square.
Answer: Let p: “quadrilateral ABCD is a square”, q: “quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle”. In
proposition form[(𝑝 → 𝑝) ∧ (~𝑝)] → (~𝑝). Hence, the argument is valid by virtue of the “Modus
Tollens”.

d. If Delight publishes a dissertation with original results, then she will earn a Ph.D. She did not
publish a dissertation with original results. Therefore, she did not earn a Ph.D.
Answer: Let p: “Delight publishes a dissertation with original results”, q: “Delight earn a Ph.D.”.
In proposition form[(𝑝 → 𝑝) ∧ (~𝑝)] → (~𝑝). Hence, the argument is valid by virtue of the
“Modus Tollens”.
e. If Jason has a Ph.D. and has done a considerable amount of research, then he is qualified for
the research professor position. He was informed that he is qualified for the research professor
position. Therefore, Jason has a Ph.D. and has done a considerable amount of research.
Answer: Let p: “Jason has a Ph.D. and has done a considerable amount of research” and p:
“Jason is qualified for the research professor position. In proposition form [(𝑝 → 𝑝) ∧ 𝑝] → 𝑝.
Hence, the argument is invalid as exhibits the “Fallacy of the Converse”.
 f. If the housing market crashes, then all of my investments will suffer. My investments
have not suffered. Therefore, the housing market has not crashed.
Answer: Let p: “The housing market crashes”, q: “all of my investments suffer”. In
proposition form[(𝑝 → 𝑝) ∧ (~𝑝)] → (~𝑝). Hence, the argument is valid by virtue of
the “Modus Tollens”.
g. Either Derrick was not informed about the meeting or he made the decision not to
attend. Derrick was not informed about the meeting. Thus, he did not decide not to
attend the meeting.
Answer: Let p: “Derrick was not informed about the meeting”, q: “Derrick made the
decision not to attend”. In proposition form[(𝑝 ∨ 𝑝) ∧ (𝑝)] → (~𝑝). Hence, the argument is
invalid as exhibits the “Affirming the Disjunct”.
h. It is known that f is a polynomial function and it is a one-to-one function. Therefore, f
is a one- to-one function.
Answer: Let p: “It is known that f is a polynomial function”, q: “f is a one-to-one function”.
In proposition form 𝑝 ∧ 𝑝 → 𝑝. Hence, the argument is valid by virtue of the “Rule of
Simplification”.

Prepared by:

Florante P. Tabudlong
SST III