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CE 2210 Quiz Name
CE 2210 Quiz Name
3. Triangle 8. Parabola
y′
bh y′ y
a A= −
y 2 x h 2
y′ = x′
h bh 3 b2
y = Ix =
x− 3 36 x 2bh
h C A=
h (a + b) bh 2 −
y 3
x x = Iy = (a − ab + b 2 )
C − 3 36 x′ 3b 3h
y x = y =
3 b
x′ I = bh 8 5
x′
b 12 Zero slope
791
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Fundamental Mechanics
Appendix
E
of Materials Equations
Common Greek letters Relationship between E, G, and ν
E
α Alpha µ Mu G =
2(1 + ν )
β Beta ν Nu
Definition of allowable stress
γ Gamma π Pi
σ τ
∆, δ Delta ρ Rho σ allow = failure or τ allow = failure
FS FS
ε Epsilon Σ, σ Sigma
Factor of safety
θ Theta τ Tau σ τ failure
κ Kappa φ Phi FS = failure or FS =
σ actual τ actual
λ Lambda ω Omega
Axial deformation
Basic definitions Deformation in axial members
Average normal stress in an axial member FL Fi Li
δ = or δ = ∑
F AE i A i Ei
σ avg = Force-temperature-deformation relationship
A
Average direct shear stress FL
V δ = + α ∆T L
τ avg = AE
AV
Average bearing stress
Torsion
F Maximum torsion shear stress in a circular shaft
σb = Tc
Ab τ max =
J
Average normal strain in an axial member where the polar moment of inertia J is defined as:
∆L δ π π
ε long = = J = [ R4 − r 4 ] = [ D4 − d 4 ]
L L 2 32
∆d ∆t ∆h
ε lat = or or Angle of twist in a circular shaft
d t h
TL Ti Li
Average normal strain caused by temperature change φ = or φ = ∑
JG i J i Gi
ε T = α ∆T
Power transmission in a shaft
Average shear strain P = Tω
π
γ = change in angle from rad Power units and conversion factors
2
1 N ⋅m 550 lb ⋅ ft 6,600 lb ⋅ in.
Hooke’s law (one-dimensional) 1W = 1 hp = =
s s s
σ = Eε and τ = Gγ 1 rev
1 Hz = 1 rev = 2π rad
Poisson’s ratio s
ε 2π rad
ν = − lat 1 rpm =
ε long 60 s
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Beam deflections
Flexure Elastic curve relations between w, V, M, θ , and v for constant EI
Flexural strain and stress
1 E Deflection = v
εx = − y σx = − y
ρ ρ dv
Slope = = θ (for small deflections)
Flexure Formula dx
My Mc M I d2v
σx = − or σ max = = where S = Moment M = EI 2
Iz I S c dx
dM d3v
Transformed-section method for beams of two materials Shear V = = EI 3
dx dx
[where material (2) is transformed into an equivalent
dV d4v
amount of material (1)] Load w = = EI 4
E My My dx dx
n = 2 σ x1 = − σ x 2 = −n
E1 I transformed I transformed
Bending due to eccentric axial load Plane stress transformations
F My
σx = − y
A Iz t
Unsymmetric bending of arbitrary cross sections n
σt θ
I z z − I yz y − I y y + I yz z τnt σn
σx = 2
My + 2
Mz τtn
I y I z − I yz I y I z − I yz θ
or x
( M z I y + M y I yz ) y ( M y I z + M z I yz ) z τtn
σx = − + τnt
I y I z − I yz
2
I y I z − I yz
2
σn σt
M y I z + M z I yz
tan β =
M z I y + M y I yz Stresses on an arbitrary plane
Unsymmetric bending of symmetric cross sections σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
M y z Mz y M y Iz σ t = σ x sin 2 θ + σ y cos 2 θ − 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σx = − tan β =
Iy Iz Mz I y τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy (cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
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σx + σy σx − σy
2
Generalized Hooke’s law
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2 Normal stress/normal strain relationships
Orientation of principal planes 1
εx = [σ x − ν (σ y + σ z )]
2τ xy E
tan 2θ p = 1
σx − σy ε y = [σ y − ν (σ x + σ z )]
E
Maximum in-plane shear stress magnitude 1
ε z = [σ z − ν (σ x + σ y )]
2 E
σx − σy σ p1 − σ p 2
τ max = ± + τ xy
2
or τ max = E
2 2 σx = [(1 − ν )ε x + ν (ε y + ε z )]
σx + σy (1 + ν )(1 − 2ν )
σ avg = E
2 σy = [(1 − ν )ε y + ν (ε x + ε z )]
(1 + ν )(1 − 2ν )
σx − σy E
tan 2θ s = − note: θ s = θ p ± 45° σz = [(1 − ν )ε z + ν (ε x + ε y )]
2τ xy (1 + ν )(1 − 2ν )
Absolute maximum shear stress magnitude Shear stress/shear strain relationships
σ − σ min
τ abs max = max 1 1 1
2 γ xy = τ xy ; γ yz = τ yz ; γ zx = τ zx
G G G
Normal stress invariance
where
σ x + σ y = σ n + σ t = σ p1 + σ p 2
E
G =
2(1 + ν )
Plane strain transformations
Strain in arbitrary directions Volumetric strain or Dilatation
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ ∆V 1 − 2ν
e= = εx + εy + εz = (σ x + σ y + σ z )
ε t = ε x sin θ + ε y cos θ − γ xy sin θ cos θ
2 2 V E
γ nt = −2(ε x − ε y ) sin θ cos θ + γ xy (cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ ) Bulk modulus
E
or K =
εx + εy εx − εy γ xy 3(1 − 2ν )
εn = + cos 2θ + sin 2θ Normal stress/normal strain relationships for plane stress
2 2 2
εx + εy εx − εy γ xy 1
εt = − cos 2θ − sin 2θ εx = (σ x − νσ y )
2 2 2 E
γ nt = − (ε x − ε y ) sin 2θ + γ xy cos 2θ 1 E
ε y = (σ y − νσ x ) σx = (ε x + νε y )
E or 1 − ν2
Principal strain magnitudes ν E
ε z = − (σ x + σ y ) σy = (ε y + νε x )
2 2 E 1 − ν2
εx + εy εx − εy γ xy ν
ε p1, p 2 = ± + εz = − (ε x + ε y )
2 2 2 1−ν
Orientation of principal strains Shear stress/shear strain relationships for plane stress
γ xy 1
tan 2θ p = γ xy = τ xy or τ xy = Gγ xy
εx − εy G
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Thin-walled pressure vessels Radial displacement for external pressure on solid cylinder
Tangential stress and strain in spherical pressure vessel (1 − ν ) po r
pr pd pr δr = −
σt = = εt = (1 − ν ) E
2t 4t 2t E
Contact pressure for interference fit connection of thick cylinder
Longitudinal and circumferential stresses in cylindrical pressure onto a thick cylinder
vessels
pr pd pr Eδ ( c 2 − b 2 )( b 2 − a 2 )
σ long = = ε long = (1 − 2ν ) pc =
2t 4t 2t E 2b 3 ( c 2 − a 2 )
831
Simply Supported Beams
822
v
P Px
v=− (3 L2 − 4 x 2 )
2 3 48 EI
PL PL
1 x θ1 = −θ 2 = − vmax = −
θ1 θ2 16 EI 48 EI L
vmax for 0 ≤ x ≤
L
— L
— 2
2 2
v
P Pb( L2 − b 2 )
θ1 = − Pa 2 b 2 Pbx 2
6 LEI v=− v=− (L − b2 − x 2 )
x 3 LEI 6 LEI
2
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θ1 θ2
Pa( L2 − a 2 ) at x = a for 0 ≤ x ≤ a
a b θ2 = +
6 LEI
L
v ML2
ML vmax = −
θ1 = − 9 3 EI
M 3EI Mx
3 x v=− (2 L2 − 3 Lx + x 2 )
θ2 ML 6 LEI
θ1 θ2 = + 3
6 EI at x = L 1 −
L 3
v
w
wL3 5wL4 wx
4 x θ1 = −θ 2 = − vmax = − v=− ( L3 − 2 Lx 2 + x 3 )
θ1 θ2 24 EI 384 EI 24 EI
vmax
L
— L
—
2 2
wx
v=− ( Lx 3 − 4 aLx 2 + 2a 2 x 2
v 24 LEI
w wa 2 + 4 a 2 L2 − 4 a 3 L + a 4 )
θ1 = − (2 L − a)2 wa 3
x 24 LEI v=− (4 L2 − 7aL + 3a 2 ) for 0 ≤ x ≤ a
5 θ2 24 LEI
θ1 wa 2
wa 2 at x = a v=− (2 x 3 − 6 Lx 2 + a 2 x
a θ2 = + (2 L2 − a 2 ) 24 LEI
24 LEI
L + 4 L2 x − a 2 L )
for a ≤ x ≤ L
v 3
w0 7 w0 L
θ1 = − w0 L4
360 EI vmax = −0.00652 w0 x
6 x EI v=− (7 L4 − 10 L2 x 2 + 3 x 4 )
θ1 360 LEI
θ2 w0 L3 at x = 0.5193 L
θ2 = +
L 45EI
/208/WB01929/9781119227489/bmmatter/App_C/text_s
Cantilever Beams
v
P
PL2 PL3 Px 2
7 x θ max = − vmax = − v=− (3 L − x )
vmax 2 EI 3EI 6 EI
θmax
L
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v
Px 2 L
P v=− (3 L − 2 x ) for 0 ≤ x ≤
12 EI 2
PL2 5PL3
8 x θ max = − vmax = −
vmax 8 EI 48 EI PL2 L
L L v=− (6 x − L ) for ≤ x ≤ L
— — 48 EI 2
2 2 θmax
M
ML ML2 Mx 2
9 x θ max = − vmax = − v=−
v max EI 2 EI 2 EI
θ max
L
v
w
wL3 wL4 wx 2
10 x θ max = − vmax = − v=− (6 L2 − 4 Lx + x 2 )
vmax 6 EI 8 EI 24 EI
θmax
L
v w0
w0 L3 w0 L4 w0 x 2
11 x θ max = − vmax = − v=− (10 L3 − 10 L2 x + 5 Lx 2 − x 3 )
vmax 24 EI 30 EI 120 LEI
θmax
L
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